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+
+
+
+ 20220626T074605-143802ca373313097189b5b559a63d801677f867
+ 20220626074605
+
+ JOSS Admin
+ admin@theoj.org
+
+ The Open Journal
+
+
+
+
+ Journal of Open Source Software
+ JOSS
+ 2475-9066
+
+ 10.21105/joss
+ https://joss.theoj.org/
+
+
+
+
+ 06
+ 2022
+
+
+ 7
+
+ 74
+
+
+
+ A-SLOTH: Ancient Stars and Local Observables by Tracing
+Halos
+
+
+
+ Mattis
+ Magg
+ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9022-5136
+
+
+ Tilman
+ Hartwig
+ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6742-8843
+
+
+ Li-Hsin
+ Chen
+
+
+ Yuta
+ Tarumi
+ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9801-7788
+
+
+
+ 06
+ 26
+ 2022
+
+
+ 4417
+
+
+ 10.21105/joss.04417
+
+
+ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
+ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
+ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
+
+
+
+ Software archive
+ 10.5281/zenodo.6683682
+
+
+ GitHub review issue
+ https://github.com/openjournals/joss-reviews/issues/4417
+
+
+
+ 10.21105/joss.04417
+ https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.04417
+
+
+ https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.04417.pdf
+
+
+
+
+
+ Generating dark matter halo merger
+trees
+ Parkinson
+ Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
+Society
+ 383
+ 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12517.x
+ 2008
+ Parkinson, H., Cole, S., & Helly,
+J. (2008). Generating dark matter halo merger trees. Monthly Notices of
+the Royal Astronomical Society, 383, 557–564.
+https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12517.x
+
+
+ Constraining the primordial initial mass
+function with stellar archaeology
+ Hartwig
+ Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
+Society
+ 447
+ 10.1093/mnras/stu2740
+ 2015
+ Hartwig, T., Bromm, V., Klessen, R.
+S., & Glover, S. C. O. (2015). Constraining the primordial initial
+mass function with stellar archaeology. Monthly Notices of the Royal
+Astronomical Society, 447, 3892–3908.
+https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu2740
+
+
+ Exploring the nature of the Lyman-\alpha
+emitter CR7
+ Hartwig
+ Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
+Society
+ 462
+ 10.1093/mnras/stw1775
+ 2016
+ Hartwig, T., Latif, M. A., Magg, M.,
+Bromm, V., Klessen, R. S., Glover, S. C. O., Whalen, D. J., Pellegrini,
+E. W., & Volonteri, M. (2016). Exploring the nature of the
+Lyman-\alpha emitter CR7. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
+Society, 462, 2184–2202.
+https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw1775
+
+
+ Gravitational waves from the remnants of the
+first stars
+ Hartwig
+ Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
+Society
+ 460
+ 10.1093/mnrasl/slw074
+ 2016
+ Hartwig, T., Volonteri, M., Bromm,
+V., Klessen, R. S., Barausse, E., Magg, M., & Stacy, A. (2016).
+Gravitational waves from the remnants of the first stars. Monthly
+Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 460, L74–L78.
+https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slw074
+
+
+ Descendants of the first stars: the distinct
+chemical signature of second generation stars
+ Hartwig
+ Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
+Society
+ 10.1093/mnras/sty1176
+ 2018
+ Hartwig, T., Yoshida, N., Magg, M.,
+Frebel, A., Glover, S. C. O., Gómez, F. A., Griffen, B., Ishigaki, M.
+N., Ji, A. P., Klessen, R. S., O’Shea, B. W., & Tominaga, N. (2018).
+Descendants of the first stars: the distinct chemical signature of
+second generation stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
+Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1176
+
+
+ Effect of the cosmological transition to
+metal-enriched star-formation on the hydrogen 21-cm
+signal
+ Magg
+ Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
+Society
+ 10.1093/mnras/stac1664
+ 2022
+ Magg, M., Reis, I., Fialkov, A.,
+Barkana, R., Klessen, R. S., Glover, S. C. O., Chen, L.-H., Hartwig, T.,
+& Schauer, A. T. P. (2022). Effect of the cosmological transition to
+metal-enriched star-formation on the hydrogen 21-cm signal. Monthly
+Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.
+https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac1664
+
+
+ Tracing stars in Milky Way satellites with
+A-SLOTH
+ Chen
+ arXiv e-prints
+ 2022
+ Chen, L.-H., Magg, M., Hartwig, T.,
+Glover, S. C. O., Ji, A. P., & Klessen, R. S. (2022). Tracing stars
+in Milky Way satellites with A-SLOTH. arXiv e-Prints, arXiv:2202.01220.
+https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.01220
+
+
+ Predicting the locations of possible
+long-lived low-mass first stars: importance of satellite dwarf
+galaxies
+ Magg
+ Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
+Society
+ 473
+ 10.1093/mnras/stx2729
+ 2018
+ Magg, M., Hartwig, T., Agarwal, B.,
+Frebel, A., Glover, S. C. O., Griffen, B. F., & Klessen, R. S.
+(2018). Predicting the locations of possible long-lived low-mass first
+stars: importance of satellite dwarf galaxies. Monthly Notices of the
+Royal Astronomical Society, 473, 5308–5323.
+https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2729
+
+
+ A new statistical model for Population III
+supernova rates: discriminating between \LambdaCDM and WDM
+cosmologies
+ Magg
+ Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
+Society
+ 462
+ 10.1093/mnras/stw1882
+ 2016
+ Magg, M., Hartwig, T., Glover, S. C.
+O., Klessen, R. S., & Whalen, D. J. (2016). A new statistical model
+for Population III supernova rates: discriminating between \LambdaCDM
+and WDM cosmologies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
+462, 3591–3601.
+https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw1882
+
+
+ Implications of Inhomogeneous Metal Mixing
+for Stellar Archaeology
+ Tarumi
+ Astrophysical Journal
+ 1
+ 897
+ 10.3847/1538-4357/ab960d
+ 2020
+ Tarumi, Y., Hartwig, T., & Magg,
+M. (2020). Implications of Inhomogeneous Metal Mixing for Stellar
+Archaeology. Astrophysical Journal, 897(1), 58.
+https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab960d
+
+
+ The numerical frontier of the high-redshift
+Universe
+ Greif
+ Computational Astrophysics and
+Cosmology
+ 2
+ 10.1186/s40668-014-0006-2
+ 2015
+ Greif, T. H. (2015). The numerical
+frontier of the high-redshift Universe. Computational Astrophysics and
+Cosmology, 2, 3.
+https://doi.org/10.1186/s40668-014-0006-2
+
+
+ Limits on Population III star formation with
+the most iron-poor stars
+ de Bennassuti
+ Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
+Society
+ 465
+ 10.1093/mnras/stw2687
+ 2017
+ de Bennassuti, M., Salvadori, S.,
+Schneider, R., Valiante, R., & Omukai, K. (2017). Limits on
+Population III star formation with the most iron-poor stars. Monthly
+Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 465, 926–940.
+https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2687
+
+
+ Self-consistent semi-analytic models of the
+first stars
+ Visbal
+ Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical
+Society
+ 4
+ 475
+ 10.1093/mnras/sty142
+ 2018
+ Visbal, E., Haiman, Z., & Bryan,
+G. L. (2018). Self-consistent semi-analytic models of the first stars.
+Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 475(4), 5246–5256.
+https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty142
+
+
+ The Origin of r-process Enhanced Metal-poor
+Halo Stars In Now-destroyed Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxies
+ Brauer
+ Astrophysical Journal
+ 2
+ 871
+ 10.3847/1538-4357/aafafb
+ 2019
+ Brauer, K., Ji, A. P., Frebel, A.,
+Dooley, G. A., Gómez, F. A., & O’Shea, B. W. (2019). The Origin of
+r-process Enhanced Metal-poor Halo Stars In Now-destroyed Ultra-faint
+Dwarf Galaxies. Astrophysical Journal, 871(2), 247.
+https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aafafb
+
+
+ Where are the Low-mass Population III
+Stars?
+ Ishiyama
+ Astrophysical Journal
+ 826
+ 10.3847/0004-637X/826/1/9
+ 2016
+ Ishiyama, T., Sudo, K., Yokoi, S.,
+Hasegawa, K., Tominaga, N., & Susa, H. (2016). Where are the
+Low-mass Population III Stars? Astrophysical Journal, 826, 9.
+https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/826/1/9
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/joss.04417/10.21105.joss.04417.jats b/joss.04417/10.21105.joss.04417.jats
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@@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Journal of Open Source Software
+JOSS
+
+2475-9066
+
+Open Journals
+
+
+
+4417
+10.21105/joss.04417
+
+A-SLOTH: Ancient Stars and Local Observables by Tracing
+Halos
+
+
+
+0000-0002-9022-5136
+
+Magg
+Mattis
+
+
+
+
+
+0000-0001-6742-8843
+
+Hartwig
+Tilman
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Chen
+Li-Hsin
+
+
+
+
+
+0000-0002-9801-7788
+
+Tarumi
+Yuta
+
+
+
+
+
+Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Universität
+Heidelberg, Germany
+
+
+
+
+International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and
+Cosmic Physics, University of Heidelberg (IMPRS-HD),
+Germany
+
+
+
+
+Institute for Physics of Intelligence, The University of
+Tokyo, Japan
+
+
+
+
+Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo,
+Japan
+
+
+
+
+Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the
+Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Japan
+
+
+
+
+22
+6
+2022
+
+7
+74
+4417
+
+Authors of papers retain copyright and release the
+work under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC
+BY 4.0)
+2022
+The article authors
+
+Authors of papers retain copyright and release the work under
+a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY
+4.0)
+
+
+
+Fortran
+Population III Stars
+Semi-Analytical
+
+
+
+
+
+ Summary
+
Galaxies are thought to reside inside of large gravitationally
+ bound structures of dark matter, so-called haloes. While the smallest
+ of these haloes host no or only a few stars, the biggest host entire
+ clusters of galaxies. Over cosmic history, haloes often collided and
+ merged, forming bigger and bigger structures. Merger trees, i.e.,
+ catalogues of haloes evolving and connections between them as they
+ grow and merge, have become a vital tool in describing and
+ understanding the history of cosmological objects such as our Galaxy.
+ Semi-analytical models, built on top of such merger trees, are a
+ common approach for theoretical studies in cosmology. The
+ semi-analytical nature of such models is especially beneficial when
+ the dynamic range in spatial and time scales that need to be
+ considered becomes too large for numerical simulations.
+
Ancient Stars and Local Observables by Tracing Halos (A-SLOTH) is
+ such a semi-analytical model and it is designed to simulate star
+ formation in the early Universe in a fast and accessible way. It uses
+ merger trees, either from numerical simulations or generated by
+ statistical algorithms to describe the history of galaxies. The
+ processes of baryonic physics, in particular gas cooling, star
+ formation and stellar feedback are described with approximations and
+ statistical models. The range of applications for this model is
+ extensive and we, therefore, make it available to the scientific
+ community. We also provide
+ full
+ documentation.
+
+
+ Statement of need
+
Attempts to model the early Universe are notorious for the wide
+ range in spatial and time scales that they need to consider
+ (Greif,
+ 2015). Therefore, a wide range of authors has resorted to
+ developing semi-analytical models for investigating the high-redshift
+ Universe
+ (Brauer
+ et al., 2019;
+ de
+ Bennassuti et al., 2017;
+ Ishiyama
+ et al., 2016;
+ Visbal
+ et al., 2018). These models differ widely in their scope, and
+ often they are specifically geared towards addressing a specific issue
+ or question. With A-SLOTH, we offer a highly capable semi-analytical
+ model that can make predictions in numerous areas, ranging from 21-cm
+ cosmology to metal-poor stars in the Milky-Way
+ (Chen
+ et al., 2022;
+ Hartwig
+ et al., 2015,
+ 2018;
+ Hartwig,
+ Volonteri, et al., 2016;
+ Hartwig,
+ Latif, et al., 2016;
+ M.
+ Magg et al., 2018,
+ 2016;
+ Mattis
+ Magg et al., 2022;
+ Tarumi
+ et al., 2020). This model was originally based on the
+ Extended-Press-Schechter algorithm and more specifically the GALFORM
+ code
+ (Parkinson
+ et al., 2008) but has since evolved to use merger trees from
+ numerical simulation. A-SLOTH has the primary purpose of quickly
+ simulating star formation in the early Universe and connecting it to
+ present-day and high-redshift observables, such as the metallicity
+ distribution function of the Milky Way or the ionization history of
+ the Universe. By modifying the parameters of the models governing the
+ high-redshift processes and repeated comparison of the results, a user
+ can investigate the relationship between assumptions about poorly
+ understood processes in the high-redshift Universe and astrophysical
+ observations. Because the model is highly optimized, A-SLOTH can build
+ up a Milky-Way-like galaxy star by star in only a few minutes. The
+ code is written in a modular way, such that users can add new physics
+ and go from an idea to a set of predictions in a short time and
+ without developing a completely new model of high-redshift star
+ formation.
+
+
+ Acknowledgements
+
We appreciate the thorough testing and constructive feedback from
+ Kaley Brauer and Greg Bryan during code review. We thank Britton Smith
+ for very helpful advice with regards to the publication of open-source
+ software. We acknowledge funding from JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers
+ 19K23437 and 20K14464, from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) via
+ the Collaborative Research Center (SFB 881, Project-ID 138713538)
+ ``The Milky Way System’’ (sub-project A1), and from the
+ Max-Planck-Gesellschaft via the fellowship of the International Max
+ Planck Research School for Astronomy and Cosmic Physics at the
+ University of Heidelberg (IMPRS-HD).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ParkinsonH.
+ ColeS.
+ HellyJ.
+
+ Generating dark matter halo merger trees
+
+ 200801
+ 383
+ https://arxiv.org/abs/0708.1382
+ 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12517.x
+ 557
+ 564
+
+
+
+
+
+ HartwigT.
+ BrommV.
+ KlessenR. S.
+ GloverS. C. O.
+
+ Constraining the primordial initial mass function with stellar archaeology
+
+ 201503
+ 447
+ https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.1238
+ 10.1093/mnras/stu2740
+ 3892
+ 3908
+
+
+
+
+
+ HartwigT.
+ LatifM. A.
+ MaggM.
+ BrommV.
+ KlessenR. S.
+ GloverS. C. O.
+ WhalenD. J.
+ PellegriniE. W.
+ VolonteriM.
+
+ Exploring the nature of the Lyman-\alpha emitter CR7
+
+ 201610
+ 462
+ https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.01111
+ 10.1093/mnras/stw1775
+ 2184
+ 2202
+
+
+
+
+
+ HartwigT.
+ VolonteriM.
+ BrommV.
+ KlessenR. S.
+ BarausseE.
+ MaggM.
+ StacyA.
+
+ Gravitational waves from the remnants of the first stars
+
+ 201607
+ 460
+ https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.05655
+ 10.1093/mnrasl/slw074
+ L74
+ L78
+
+
+
+
+
+ HartwigT.
+ YoshidaN.
+ MaggM.
+ FrebelA.
+ GloverS. C. O.
+ GómezF. A.
+ GriffenB.
+ IshigakiM. N.
+ JiA. P.
+ KlessenR. S.
+ O’SheaB. W.
+ TominagaN.
+
+ Descendants of the first stars: the distinct chemical signature of second generation stars
+
+ 201805
+ https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.05044
+ 10.1093/mnras/sty1176
+
+
+
+
+
+ MaggMattis
+ ReisItamar
+ FialkovAnastasia
+ BarkanaRennan
+ KlessenRalf S.
+ GloverSimon C. O.
+ ChenLi-Hsin
+ HartwigTilman
+ SchauerAnna T. P.
+
+ Effect of the cosmological transition to metal-enriched star-formation on the hydrogen 21-cm signal
+
+ 202206
+ https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.15948
+ 10.1093/mnras/stac1664
+
+
+
+
+
+ ChenLi-Hsin
+ MaggMattis
+ HartwigTilman
+ GloverSimon C. O.
+ JiAlexander P.
+ KlessenRalf S.
+
+ Tracing stars in Milky Way satellites with A-SLOTH
+
+ 202202
+ https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.01220
+ arXiv:2202.01220
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ MaggM.
+ HartwigT.
+ AgarwalB.
+ FrebelA.
+ GloverS. C. O.
+ GriffenB. F.
+ KlessenR. S.
+
+ Predicting the locations of possible long-lived low-mass first stars: importance of satellite dwarf galaxies
+
+ 201802
+ 473
+ https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.07054
+ 10.1093/mnras/stx2729
+ 5308
+ 5323
+
+
+
+
+
+ MaggM.
+ HartwigT.
+ GloverS. C. O.
+ KlessenR. S.
+ WhalenD. J.
+
+ A new statistical model for Population III supernova rates: discriminating between \LambdaCDM and WDM cosmologies
+
+ 201611
+ 462
+ https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.06294
+ 10.1093/mnras/stw1882
+ 3591
+ 3601
+
+
+
+
+
+ TarumiYuta
+ HartwigTilman
+ MaggMattis
+
+ Implications of Inhomogeneous Metal Mixing for Stellar Archaeology
+
+ 202007
+ 897
+ 1
+ https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.10401
+ 10.3847/1538-4357/ab960d
+ 58
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ GreifT. H.
+
+ The numerical frontier of the high-redshift Universe
+
+ 201503
+ 2
+ https://arxiv.org/abs/1410.3482
+ 10.1186/s40668-014-0006-2
+ 3
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ de BennassutiM.
+ SalvadoriS.
+ SchneiderR.
+ ValianteR.
+ OmukaiK.
+
+ Limits on Population III star formation with the most iron-poor stars
+
+ 201702
+ 465
+ https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.05777
+ 10.1093/mnras/stw2687
+ 926
+ 940
+
+
+
+
+
+ VisbalEli
+ HaimanZoltán
+ BryanGreg L.
+
+ Self-consistent semi-analytic models of the first stars
+
+ 201804
+ 475
+ 4
+ https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.09005
+ 10.1093/mnras/sty142
+ 5246
+ 5256
+
+
+
+
+
+ BrauerKaley
+ JiAlexander P.
+ FrebelAnna
+ DooleyGregory A.
+ GómezFacundo A.
+ O’SheaBrian W.
+
+ The Origin of r-process Enhanced Metal-poor Halo Stars In Now-destroyed Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxies
+
+ 201902
+ 871
+ 2
+ https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.05539
+ 10.3847/1538-4357/aafafb
+ 247
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ IshiyamaT.
+ SudoK.
+ YokoiS.
+ HasegawaK.
+ TominagaN.
+ SusaH.
+
+ Where are the Low-mass Population III Stars?
+
+ 201607
+ 826
+ https://arxiv.org/abs/1602.00465
+ 10.3847/0004-637X/826/1/9
+ 9
+
+
+
+
+
+
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