diff --git a/.toys/.data/releases.yml b/.toys/.data/releases.yml
index 156bf4a369..ed1b00b89a 100644
--- a/.toys/.data/releases.yml
+++ b/.toys/.data/releases.yml
@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ commit_lint:
 #  *  changelog_path: Path to CHANGLEOG.md relative to the gem directory.
 #     (Required only if it is not in the expected location.)
 gems:
+  - name: opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view
+    directory: instrumentation/action_view
+    version_constant: [OpenTelemetry, Instrumentation, ActionView, VERSION]
+
   - name: opentelemetry-instrumentation-active_job
     directory: instrumentation/active_job
     version_constant: [OpenTelemetry, Instrumentation, ActiveJob, VERSION]
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/.rubocop.yml b/instrumentation/action_view/.rubocop.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..26d21d4644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/.rubocop.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+inherit_from: ../.rubocop-examples.yml
+
+Naming/FileName:
+  Exclude:
+    - "lib/opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view.rb"
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/.yardopts b/instrumentation/action_view/.yardopts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f46e2da66c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/.yardopts
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+--no-private
+--title=OpenTelemetry Action View Instrumentation
+--markup=markdown
+--main=README.md
+./lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/**/*.rb
+./lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation.rb
+-
+README.md
+CHANGELOG.md
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/Appraisals b/instrumentation/action_view/Appraisals
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c0a211ef7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/Appraisals
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+# Rails 5.2 is incompatible with Ruby 3.
+if RUBY_VERSION < '3'
+  appraise 'rails-5.2' do
+    gem 'rails', '~> 5.2.0'
+  end
+end
+
+appraise 'rails-6.0' do
+  gem 'rails', '~> 6.0.0'
+end
+
+appraise 'rails-6.1' do
+  gem 'rails', '~> 6.1.0'
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/CHANGELOG.md b/instrumentation/action_view/CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea137bf7e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Release History: opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/Gemfile b/instrumentation/action_view/Gemfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f5e957a5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/Gemfile
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+source 'https://rubygems.org'
+
+gemspec
+
+gem 'opentelemetry-api', path: '../../api'
+gem 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-base', path: '../base'
+
+group :test do
+  gem 'byebug'
+  gem 'opentelemetry-common', path: '../../common'
+  gem 'opentelemetry-sdk', path: '../../sdk'
+  gem 'opentelemetry-semantic_conventions', path: '../../semantic_conventions'
+  gem 'pry-byebug'
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/LICENSE b/instrumentation/action_view/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ef7dad2c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
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+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
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+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
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+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
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+      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
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+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+      as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+      meet the following conditions:
+
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+          the Derivative Works; and
+
+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
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+          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
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+          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
+      replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include
+      the brackets!)  The text should be enclosed in the appropriate
+      comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a
+      file or class name and description of purpose be included on the
+      same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier
+      identification within third-party archives.
+
+   Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/README.md b/instrumentation/action_view/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1bb299ca9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# OpenTelemetry ActionView Instrumentation
+
+The ActionView instrumentation is a community-maintained instrumentation for the ActionView portion of the [Ruby on Rails][rails-home] web-application framework.
+
+## How do I get started?
+
+Install the gem using:
+
+```
+gem install opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view
+gem install opentelemetry-instrumentation-rails
+```
+
+Or, if you use [bundler][bundler-home], include `opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view` in your `Gemfile`.
+
+## Usage
+
+To use the instrumentation, call `use` with the name of the instrumentation:
+
+```ruby
+OpenTelemetry::SDK.configure do |c|
+  c.use 'OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::Rails'
+  c.use 'OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActionView'
+end
+```
+
+Alternatively, you can also call `use_all` to install all the available instrumentation.
+
+```ruby
+OpenTelemetry::SDK.configure do |c|
+  c.use_all
+end
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+Example usage can be seen in the `./example/trace_request_demonstration.ru` file [here](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-ruby/blob/main/instrumentation/action_view/example/trace_request_demonstration.ru)
+
+## How can I get involved?
+
+The `opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view` gem source is [on github][repo-github], along with related gems including `opentelemetry-api` and `opentelemetry-sdk`.
+
+The OpenTelemetry Ruby gems are maintained by the OpenTelemetry-Ruby special interest group (SIG). You can get involved by joining us in [GitHub Discussions][discussions-url] or attending our weekly meeting. See the [meeting calendar][community-meetings] for dates and times. For more information on this and other language SIGs, see the OpenTelemetry [community page][ruby-sig].
+
+## License
+
+The `opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view` gem is distributed under the Apache 2.0 license. See [LICENSE][license-github] for more information.
+
+[rails-home]: https://github.com/rails/rails
+[bundler-home]: https://bundler.io
+[repo-github]: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-ruby
+[license-github]: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-ruby/blob/main/LICENSE
+[ruby-sig]: https://github.com/open-telemetry/community#ruby-sig
+[community-meetings]: https://github.com/open-telemetry/community#community-meetings
+[discussions-url]: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-ruby/discussions
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/Rakefile b/instrumentation/action_view/Rakefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1a64ba842e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/Rakefile
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+require 'bundler/gem_tasks'
+require 'rake/testtask'
+require 'yard'
+require 'rubocop/rake_task'
+
+RuboCop::RakeTask.new
+
+Rake::TestTask.new :test do |t|
+  t.libs << 'test'
+  t.libs << 'lib'
+  t.test_files = FileList['test/**/*_test.rb']
+end
+
+YARD::Rake::YardocTask.new do |t|
+  t.stats_options = ['--list-undoc']
+end
+
+if RUBY_ENGINE == 'truffleruby'
+  task default: %i[test]
+else
+  task default: %i[test rubocop yard]
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/example/trace_request_demonstration.ru b/instrumentation/action_view/example/trace_request_demonstration.ru
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..80e50c26b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/example/trace_request_demonstration.ru
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+require 'bundler/inline'
+
+gemfile(true) do
+  source 'https://rubygems.org'
+
+  gem 'rails'
+  gem 'opentelemetry-sdk'
+  gem 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-rails', path: '../../rails'
+  gem 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view', path: '../'
+end
+
+require 'active_support/railtie'
+require 'action_controller/railtie'
+require 'action_view/railtie'
+
+# TraceRequestApp is a minimal Rails application inspired by the Rails
+# bug report template for action controller.
+# The configuration is compatible with Rails 6.0
+class TraceRequestApp < Rails::Application
+  config.root = __dir__
+  config.hosts << 'example.org'
+  secrets.secret_key_base = 'secret_key_base'
+
+  config.eager_load = false
+
+  config.logger = Logger.new($stdout)
+  Rails.logger  = config.logger
+
+  routes.draw do
+    get '/' => 'test#index'
+  end
+end
+
+# A minimal test controller
+class TestController < ActionController::Base
+  include Rails.application.routes.url_helpers
+
+  def index; end
+end
+
+# Simple setup for demonstration purposes, simple span processor should not be
+# used in a production environment
+span_processor = OpenTelemetry::SDK::Trace::Export::SimpleSpanProcessor.new(
+  OpenTelemetry::SDK::Trace::Export::ConsoleSpanExporter.new
+)
+
+OpenTelemetry::SDK.configure do |c|
+  # At present, the Rails instrumentation is required.
+  c.use 'OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::Rails'
+  c.use 'OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActionView'
+  c.add_span_processor(span_processor)
+end
+
+Rails.application.initialize!
+
+run Rails.application
+
+# To run this example run the `rackup` command with this file
+# Example: rackup trace_request_demonstration.ru
+# Navigate to http://localhost:9292/
+# Spans for the requests will appear in the console
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/gemfiles/rails_5.2.gemfile b/instrumentation/action_view/gemfiles/rails_5.2.gemfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0012175584
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/gemfiles/rails_5.2.gemfile
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# This file was generated by Appraisal
+
+source "https://rubygems.org"
+
+gem "opentelemetry-api", path: "../../../api"
+gem "opentelemetry-instrumentation-base", path: "../../base"
+gem "rails", "~> 5.2.0"
+
+group :test do
+  gem "byebug"
+  gem "opentelemetry-common", path: "../../../common"
+  gem "opentelemetry-sdk", path: "../../../sdk"
+  gem "opentelemetry-semantic_conventions", path: "../../../semantic_conventions"
+  gem "pry-byebug"
+end
+
+gemspec path: "../"
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/gemfiles/rails_6.0.gemfile b/instrumentation/action_view/gemfiles/rails_6.0.gemfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b7b20e8fe1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/gemfiles/rails_6.0.gemfile
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# This file was generated by Appraisal
+
+source "https://rubygems.org"
+
+gem "opentelemetry-api", path: "../../../api"
+gem "opentelemetry-instrumentation-base", path: "../../base"
+gem "rails", "~> 6.0.0"
+
+group :test do
+  gem "byebug"
+  gem "opentelemetry-common", path: "../../../common"
+  gem "opentelemetry-sdk", path: "../../../sdk"
+  gem "opentelemetry-semantic_conventions", path: "../../../semantic_conventions"
+  gem "pry-byebug"
+end
+
+gemspec path: "../"
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/gemfiles/rails_6.1.gemfile b/instrumentation/action_view/gemfiles/rails_6.1.gemfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9fb4b4a3f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/gemfiles/rails_6.1.gemfile
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# This file was generated by Appraisal
+
+source "https://rubygems.org"
+
+gem "opentelemetry-api", path: "../../../api"
+gem "opentelemetry-instrumentation-base", path: "../../base"
+gem "rails", "~> 6.1.0"
+
+group :test do
+  gem "byebug"
+  gem "opentelemetry-common", path: "../../../common"
+  gem "opentelemetry-sdk", path: "../../../sdk"
+  gem "opentelemetry-semantic_conventions", path: "../../../semantic_conventions"
+  gem "pry-byebug"
+end
+
+gemspec path: "../"
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/lib/opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view.rb b/instrumentation/action_view/lib/opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..baceb3cb76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/lib/opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+require_relative './opentelemetry/instrumentation'
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation.rb b/instrumentation/action_view/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..37c26c3c1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+# OpenTelemetry is an open source observability framework, providing a
+# general-purpose API, SDK, and related tools required for the instrumentation
+# of cloud-native software, frameworks, and libraries.
+#
+# The OpenTelemetry module provides global accessors for telemetry objects.
+# See the documentation for the `opentelemetry-api` gem for details.
+module OpenTelemetry
+  # Instrumentation should be able to handle the case when the library is not installed on a user's system.
+  module Instrumentation
+  end
+end
+
+require_relative './instrumentation/action_view'
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/action_view.rb b/instrumentation/action_view/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/action_view.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d2285b3d21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/action_view.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+require 'opentelemetry'
+require 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-base'
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module Instrumentation
+    # Contains the OpenTelemetry instrumentation for the ActionView gem
+    module ActionView
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+require_relative './action_view/instrumentation'
+require_relative './action_view/version'
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/action_view/instrumentation.rb b/instrumentation/action_view/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/action_view/instrumentation.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7059325011
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/action_view/instrumentation.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module Instrumentation
+    module ActionView
+      # The Instrumentation class contains logic to detect and install the ActionView instrumentation
+      class Instrumentation < OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::Base
+        MINIMUM_VERSION = Gem::Version.new('5.2.0')
+        install do |_config|
+          require_dependencies
+        end
+
+        present do
+          defined?(::ActionView)
+        end
+
+        compatible do
+          Gem.loaded_specs['actionview'].version >= MINIMUM_VERSION
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        def require_dependencies
+          require_relative 'railtie'
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/action_view/railtie.rb b/instrumentation/action_view/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/action_view/railtie.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..035824484f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/action_view/railtie.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module Instrumentation
+    module ActionView
+      SUBSCRIPTIONS = %w[
+        render_template.action_view
+        render_partial.action_view
+        render_collection.action_view
+      ].freeze
+
+      # This Railtie sets up subscriptions to relevant ActionView notifications
+      class Railtie < ::Rails::Railtie
+        config.before_initialize do
+          OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::Rails::Instrumentation.instance.install({})
+        end
+
+        config.after_initialize do
+          SUBSCRIPTIONS.each do |subscription_name|
+            subscriber = OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::Rails::SpanSubscriber.new(
+              name: subscription_name,
+              tracer: ActionView::Instrumentation.instance.tracer
+            )
+            ::ActiveSupport::Notifications.notifier.subscribe(subscription_name, subscriber)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/action_view/version.rb b/instrumentation/action_view/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/action_view/version.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1405424d8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/action_view/version.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module Instrumentation
+    module ActionView
+      VERSION = '0.19.0'
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view.gemspec b/instrumentation/action_view/opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view.gemspec
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..57fd5c503b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view.gemspec
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+lib = File.expand_path('lib', __dir__)
+$LOAD_PATH.unshift(lib) unless $LOAD_PATH.include?(lib)
+require 'opentelemetry/instrumentation/action_view/version'
+
+Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
+  spec.name        = 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view'
+  spec.version     = OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActionView::VERSION
+  spec.authors     = ['OpenTelemetry Authors']
+  spec.email       = ['cncf-opentelemetry-contributors@lists.cncf.io']
+
+  spec.summary     = 'ActionView instrumentation for the OpenTelemetry framework'
+  spec.description = 'ActionView instrumentation for the OpenTelemetry framework'
+  spec.homepage    = 'https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-ruby'
+  spec.license     = 'Apache-2.0'
+
+  spec.files = ::Dir.glob('lib/**/*.rb') +
+               ::Dir.glob('*.md') +
+               ['LICENSE', '.yardopts']
+  spec.require_paths = ['lib']
+  spec.required_ruby_version = '>= 2.5.0'
+
+  spec.add_dependency 'opentelemetry-api', '~> 1.0.0.rc1'
+  spec.add_dependency 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-base', '~> 0.18.0'
+  spec.add_dependency 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-rails', '~> 0.18.0'
+
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'appraisal', '~> 2.2.0'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'bundler', '>= 1.17'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'minitest', '~> 5.0'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'opentelemetry-sdk'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'rake', '~> 12.3.3'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'rubocop', '~> 0.73.0'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'simplecov', '~> 0.17.1'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'webmock', '~> 3.7.6'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'yard', '~> 0.9'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'yard-doctest', '~> 0.1.6'
+
+  if spec.respond_to?(:metadata)
+    spec.metadata['changelog_uri'] = "https://open-telemetry.github.io/opentelemetry-ruby/opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view/v#{OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActionView::VERSION}/file.CHANGELOG.html"
+    spec.metadata['source_code_uri'] = 'https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-ruby/tree/main/instrumentation/action_view'
+    spec.metadata['bug_tracker_uri'] = 'https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-ruby/issues'
+    spec.metadata['documentation_uri'] = "https://open-telemetry.github.io/opentelemetry-ruby/opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view/v#{OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActionView::VERSION}"
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/test/.rubocop.yml b/instrumentation/action_view/test/.rubocop.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd94258585
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/test/.rubocop.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+inherit_from: ../.rubocop.yml
+
+Metrics/BlockLength:
+  Enabled: false
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/action_view/instrumentation_test.rb b/instrumentation/action_view/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/action_view/instrumentation_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ff05f4ab7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/action_view/instrumentation_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+require 'test_helper'
+
+require_relative '../../../../lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/action_view'
+
+describe OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActionView do
+  let(:instrumentation) { OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActionView::Instrumentation.instance }
+
+  it 'has #name' do
+    _(instrumentation.name).must_equal 'OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActionView'
+  end
+
+  it 'has #version' do
+    _(instrumentation.version).wont_be_nil
+    _(instrumentation.version).wont_be_empty
+  end
+
+  describe '#install' do
+    it 'accepts argument' do
+      _(instrumentation.install({})).must_equal(true)
+      instrumentation.instance_variable_set(:@installed, false)
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/action_view/test/test_helper.rb b/instrumentation/action_view/test/test_helper.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dc1ca5758c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/action_view/test/test_helper.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+require 'opentelemetry/sdk'
+
+require 'pry'
+require 'minitest/autorun'
+require 'webmock/minitest'
+
+require 'rails'
+require 'action_view'
+require 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view'
+
+# global opentelemetry-sdk setup:
+EXPORTER = OpenTelemetry::SDK::Trace::Export::InMemorySpanExporter.new
+span_processor = OpenTelemetry::SDK::Trace::Export::SimpleSpanProcessor.new(EXPORTER)
+
+OpenTelemetry::SDK.configure do |c|
+  c.use 'OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActionView'
+  c.add_span_processor span_processor
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/all/Gemfile b/instrumentation/all/Gemfile
index 228cb62811..eff13798a4 100644
--- a/instrumentation/all/Gemfile
+++ b/instrumentation/all/Gemfile
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ gemspec
 
 gem 'opentelemetry-api', path: '../../api'
 gem 'opentelemetry-common', path: '../../common'
+gem 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view', path: '../action_view'
 gem 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-active_job', path: '../active_job'
 gem 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-active_model_serializers', path: '../active_model_serializers'
 gem 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-active_record', path: '../active_record'
diff --git a/instrumentation/all/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/all.rb b/instrumentation/all/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/all.rb
index 6fe97a5d45..913b9e34c1 100644
--- a/instrumentation/all/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/all.rb
+++ b/instrumentation/all/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/all.rb
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
+require 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view'
 require 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-active_job'
 require 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-active_record'
 require 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-bunny'
diff --git a/instrumentation/all/opentelemetry-instrumentation-all.gemspec b/instrumentation/all/opentelemetry-instrumentation-all.gemspec
index 840bea5cf2..a83c6f6fef 100644
--- a/instrumentation/all/opentelemetry-instrumentation-all.gemspec
+++ b/instrumentation/all/opentelemetry-instrumentation-all.gemspec
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.require_paths = ['lib']
   spec.required_ruby_version = '>= 2.5.0'
 
+  spec.add_dependency 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-action_view', '~> 0.19.0'
   spec.add_dependency 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-active_job', '~> 0.1.0'
   spec.add_dependency 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-active_model_serializers', '~> 0.18.1'
   spec.add_dependency 'opentelemetry-instrumentation-active_record', '~> 0.1.0'
diff --git a/instrumentation/rails/gemfiles/rails_5.2.gemfile b/instrumentation/rails/gemfiles/rails_5.2.gemfile
index 1f835f5ba8..9ec01ef4c5 100644
--- a/instrumentation/rails/gemfiles/rails_5.2.gemfile
+++ b/instrumentation/rails/gemfiles/rails_5.2.gemfile
@@ -3,13 +3,16 @@
 source "https://rubygems.org"
 
 gem "opentelemetry-api", path: "../../../api"
+gem "opentelemetry-instrumentation-base", path: "../../base"
 gem "rails", "~> 5.2.0"
 
 group :test do
   gem "byebug"
   gem "opentelemetry-common", path: "../../../common"
+  gem "opentelemetry-instrumentation-active_record", path: "../../../instrumentation/active_record"
   gem "opentelemetry-instrumentation-rack", path: "../../../instrumentation/rack"
   gem "opentelemetry-sdk", path: "../../../sdk"
+  gem "opentelemetry-semantic_conventions", path: "../../../semantic_conventions"
   gem "pry-byebug"
 end
 
diff --git a/instrumentation/rails/gemfiles/rails_6.0.gemfile b/instrumentation/rails/gemfiles/rails_6.0.gemfile
index 489953b3a2..6c688099bf 100644
--- a/instrumentation/rails/gemfiles/rails_6.0.gemfile
+++ b/instrumentation/rails/gemfiles/rails_6.0.gemfile
@@ -3,13 +3,16 @@
 source "https://rubygems.org"
 
 gem "opentelemetry-api", path: "../../../api"
+gem "opentelemetry-instrumentation-base", path: "../../base"
 gem "rails", "~> 6.0.0"
 
 group :test do
   gem "byebug"
   gem "opentelemetry-common", path: "../../../common"
+  gem "opentelemetry-instrumentation-active_record", path: "../../../instrumentation/active_record"
   gem "opentelemetry-instrumentation-rack", path: "../../../instrumentation/rack"
   gem "opentelemetry-sdk", path: "../../../sdk"
+  gem "opentelemetry-semantic_conventions", path: "../../../semantic_conventions"
   gem "pry-byebug"
 end
 
diff --git a/instrumentation/rails/gemfiles/rails_6.1.gemfile b/instrumentation/rails/gemfiles/rails_6.1.gemfile
index e5260b7878..3e530805fa 100644
--- a/instrumentation/rails/gemfiles/rails_6.1.gemfile
+++ b/instrumentation/rails/gemfiles/rails_6.1.gemfile
@@ -3,13 +3,16 @@
 source "https://rubygems.org"
 
 gem "opentelemetry-api", path: "../../../api"
+gem "opentelemetry-instrumentation-base", path: "../../base"
 gem "rails", "~> 6.1.0"
 
 group :test do
   gem "byebug"
   gem "opentelemetry-common", path: "../../../common"
+  gem "opentelemetry-instrumentation-active_record", path: "../../../instrumentation/active_record"
   gem "opentelemetry-instrumentation-rack", path: "../../../instrumentation/rack"
   gem "opentelemetry-sdk", path: "../../../sdk"
+  gem "opentelemetry-semantic_conventions", path: "../../../semantic_conventions"
   gem "pry-byebug"
 end
 
diff --git a/instrumentation/rails/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/fanout.rb b/instrumentation/rails/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/fanout.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7391da9696
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/rails/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/fanout.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module Instrumentation
+    module Rails
+      # This is a replacement for the default Fanout notifications queue, which adds special
+      # handling around returned context from the SpanSubscriber notification handlers.
+      # Used together, it allows us to trace arbitrary ActiveSupport::Notifications safely.
+      class Fanout < ::ActiveSupport::Notifications::Fanout
+        def start(name, id, payload)
+          listeners_for(name).map do |s|
+            result = [s]
+            state = s.start(name, id, payload)
+            if state.is_a?(Array) && state[0].is_a?(OpenTelemetry::Trace::Span) && state[1] # rubocop:disable Style/IfUnlessModifier
+              result << state
+            end
+
+            result
+          end
+        end
+
+        def finish(name, id, payload, listeners = listeners_for(name))
+          listeners.each do |(s, arr)|
+            span, token = arr
+            if span.is_a?(OpenTelemetry::Trace::Span) && token
+              s.finish(
+                name,
+                id,
+                payload.merge(
+                  __opentelemetry_span: span,
+                  __opentelemetry_ctx_token: token
+                )
+              )
+            else
+              s.finish(name, id, payload)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        def listeners_for(name)
+          listeners = super
+          listeners.sort_by do |l|
+            l.instance_variable_get(:@delegate).is_a?(SpanSubscriber) ? -1 : 1
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/rails/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/instrumentation.rb b/instrumentation/rails/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/instrumentation.rb
index 12d6189f67..fbcb1a9408 100644
--- a/instrumentation/rails/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/instrumentation.rb
+++ b/instrumentation/rails/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/instrumentation.rb
@@ -23,11 +23,15 @@ class Instrumentation < OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::Base
         end
 
         option :enable_recognize_route, default: false, validate: :boolean
+        option :disallowed_notification_payload_keys, default: [], validate: :array
+        option :notification_payload_transform, default: nil, validate: :callable
 
         private
 
         def require_dependencies
           require_relative 'patches/action_controller/metal'
+          require_relative 'fanout'
+          require_relative 'span_subscriber'
         end
 
         def require_railtie
diff --git a/instrumentation/rails/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/railtie.rb b/instrumentation/rails/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/railtie.rb
index f899276b33..263db87888 100644
--- a/instrumentation/rails/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/railtie.rb
+++ b/instrumentation/rails/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/railtie.rb
@@ -9,9 +9,11 @@ module Instrumentation
     module Rails
       # The Instrumentation class contains logic to detect and install the Rails
       # instrumentation, while this Railtie is used to conventionally instrument
-      # the Rails application through its initialization hooks
+      # the Rails application through its initialization hooks.
       class Railtie < ::Rails::Railtie
         config.before_initialize do |app|
+          ::ActiveSupport::Notifications.notifier = Fanout.new
+
           OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::ActiveRecord::Instrumentation.instance.install({})
           OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::Rack::Instrumentation.instance.install({})
 
diff --git a/instrumentation/rails/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/span_subscriber.rb b/instrumentation/rails/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/span_subscriber.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b54a0dc69b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/rails/lib/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/span_subscriber.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module Instrumentation
+    module Rails
+      # The SpanSubscriber is a special ActiveSupport::Notification subscription
+      # handler which turns notifications into generic spans, taking care to handle
+      # context appropriately.
+      class SpanSubscriber
+        ALWAYS_VALID_PAYLOAD_TYPES = [TrueClass, FalseClass, String, Numeric, Symbol].freeze
+
+        def initialize(name:, tracer:)
+          @span_name = name.split('.')[0..1].reverse.join(' ').freeze
+          @tracer = tracer
+        end
+
+        def start(_name, _id, payload)
+          span = @tracer.start_span(@span_name, kind: :internal)
+          token = OpenTelemetry::Context.attach(
+            OpenTelemetry::Trace.context_with_span(span)
+          )
+
+          [span, token]
+        end
+
+        def finish(_name, _id, payload) # rubocop:disable Metrics/AbcSize
+          span = payload.delete(:__opentelemetry_span)
+          token = payload.delete(:__opentelemetry_ctx_token)
+          return unless span && token
+
+          payload = transform_payload(payload)
+          attrs = payload.map do |k, v|
+            [k.to_s, sanitized_value(v)] if valid_payload_key?(k) && valid_payload_value?(v)
+          end
+          span.add_attributes(attrs.compact.to_h)
+
+          if (e = payload[:exception_object])
+            span.record_exception(e)
+            span.status = OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status.error("Unhandled exception of type: #{e.class}")
+          end
+
+          span.finish
+          OpenTelemetry::Context.detach(token)
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        def instrumentation_config
+          Rails::Instrumentation.instance.config
+        end
+
+        def transform_payload(payload)
+          return payload if instrumentation_config[:notification_payload_transform].nil?
+
+          instrumentation_config[:notification_payload_transform].call(payload)
+        end
+
+        def valid_payload_key?(key)
+          %i[exception exception_object].none?(key) && instrumentation_config[:disallowed_notification_payload_keys].none?(key)
+        end
+
+        def valid_payload_value?(value)
+          if value.is_a?(Array)
+            return true if value.empty?
+
+            value.map(&:class).uniq.size == 1 && ALWAYS_VALID_PAYLOAD_TYPES.any? { |t| value.first.is_a?(t) }
+          else
+            ALWAYS_VALID_PAYLOAD_TYPES.any? { |t| value.is_a?(t) }
+          end
+        end
+
+        # We'll accept symbols as values, but stringify them; and we'll stringify symbols within an array.
+        def sanitized_value(value)
+          if value.is_a?(Array)
+            value.map { |v| v.is_a?(Symbol) ? v.to_s : v }
+          elsif value.is_a?(Symbol)
+            value.to_s
+          else
+            value
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/rails/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/fanout_test.rb b/instrumentation/rails/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/fanout_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e045166a29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/rails/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/fanout_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+require 'test_helper'
+
+describe OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::Rails::Fanout do
+  let(:tracer) { OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::Rails::Instrumentation.instance.tracer }
+  let(:exporter) { EXPORTER }
+  let(:spans) { exporter.finished_spans }
+  let(:last_span) { spans.last }
+  let(:span_subscriber) do
+    OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::Rails::SpanSubscriber.new(
+      name: 'bar.foo',
+      tracer: tracer
+    )
+  end
+
+  before do
+    exporter.reset
+    ::ActiveSupport::Notifications.notifier = OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::Rails::Fanout.new
+  end
+
+  it 'sorts span subscribers first' do
+    ::ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('bar.foo') do |event|
+      # pass
+    end
+    ::ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('bar.foo', span_subscriber)
+
+    listeners = ::ActiveSupport::Notifications.notifier.listeners_for('bar.foo')
+    _(listeners.first.instance_variable_get(:@delegate)).must_equal(span_subscriber)
+  end
+
+  it 'traces an event when a span subscriber is used' do
+    ::ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('bar.foo', span_subscriber)
+    ::ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument('bar.foo', extra: 'context')
+
+    _(last_span).wont_be_nil
+    _(last_span.name).must_equal('foo bar')
+    _(last_span.attributes['extra']).must_equal('context')
+  end
+
+  it 'does not trace an event by default' do
+    ::ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('bar.foo') do
+      # pass
+    end
+    ::ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument('bar.foo', extra: 'context')
+    _(last_span).must_be_nil
+  end
+
+  it 'finishes spans even when other subscribers blow up' do
+    ::ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('bar.foo', span_subscriber)
+    ::ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('bar.foo') { raise 'boom' }
+
+    expect do
+      ::ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrument('bar.foo', extra: 'context')
+    end.must_raise RuntimeError
+
+    _(last_span).wont_be_nil
+    _(last_span.name).must_equal('foo bar')
+    _(last_span.attributes['extra']).must_equal('context')
+  end
+end
diff --git a/instrumentation/rails/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/span_subscriber_test.rb b/instrumentation/rails/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/span_subscriber_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0092159c97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/instrumentation/rails/test/opentelemetry/instrumentation/rails/span_subscriber_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+require 'test_helper'
+
+describe OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::Rails::SpanSubscriber do
+  let(:instrumentation) { OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::Rails::Instrumentation.instance }
+  let(:tracer) { instrumentation.tracer }
+  let(:exporter) { EXPORTER }
+  let(:last_span) { exporter.finished_spans.last }
+  let(:subscriber) do
+    OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::Rails::SpanSubscriber.new(
+      name: 'bar.foo',
+      tracer: tracer
+    )
+  end
+
+  before do
+    exporter.reset
+    instrumentation.instance_variable_set(:@installed, false)
+    instrumentation.install({})
+  end
+
+  it 'memoizes the span name' do
+    span, = subscriber.start('oh.hai', 'abc', {})
+    _(span.name).must_equal('foo bar')
+  end
+
+  it 'uses the provided tracer' do
+    subscriber = OpenTelemetry::Instrumentation::Rails::SpanSubscriber.new(
+      name: 'oh.hai',
+      tracer: OpenTelemetry.tracer_provider.tracer('foo')
+    )
+    span, = subscriber.start('oh.hai', 'abc', {})
+    _(span.instrumentation_library.name).must_equal('foo')
+  end
+
+  it 'finishes the passed span' do
+    span, token = subscriber.start('hai', 'abc', {})
+    subscriber.finish('hai', 'abc', __opentelemetry_span: span, __opentelemetry_ctx_token: token)
+
+    # If it's in exporter.finished_spans ... it's finished.
+    _(last_span).wont_be_nil
+  end
+
+  it 'sets attributes as expected' do
+    span, token = subscriber.start('hai', 'abc', {})
+    # We only use the finished attributes - could change in the future, perhaps.
+    subscriber.finish(
+      'hai',
+      'abc',
+      __opentelemetry_span: span,
+      __opentelemetry_ctx_token: token,
+      string: 'keys_are_present',
+      numeric_is_fine: 1,
+      boolean_okay?: true,
+      symbols: :are_stringified,
+      empty_array_is_okay: [],
+      homogeneous_arrays_are_fine: %i[one two],
+      heterogeneous_arrays_are_not: [1, false],
+      exception: %w[Exception is_not_set_as_attribute],
+      exception_object: Exception.new('is_not_set_as_attribute'),
+      nil_values_are_rejected: nil,
+      complex_values_are_rejected: { foo: :bar }
+    )
+
+    _(last_span).wont_be_nil
+    _(last_span.attributes['string']).must_equal('keys_are_present')
+    _(last_span.attributes['numeric_is_fine']).must_equal(1)
+    _(last_span.attributes['boolean_okay?']).must_equal(true)
+    _(last_span.attributes['symbols']).must_equal('are_stringified')
+    _(last_span.attributes['empty_array_is_okay']).must_equal([])
+    _(last_span.attributes['homogeneous_arrays_are_fine']).must_equal(%w[one two])
+    _(last_span.attributes.key?('heterogeneous_arrays_are_not')).must_equal(false)
+    _(last_span.attributes.key?('exception')).must_equal(false)
+    _(last_span.attributes.key?('exception_object')).must_equal(false)
+    _(last_span.attributes.key?('nil_values_are_rejected')).must_equal(false)
+    _(last_span.attributes.key?('complex_values_are_rejected')).must_equal(false)
+  end
+
+  it 'logs an exception_object correctly' do
+    span, token = subscriber.start('hai', 'abc', {})
+    # We only use the finished attributes - could change in the
+    # future, perhaps.
+    subscriber.finish(
+      'hai',
+      'abc',
+      __opentelemetry_span: span,
+      __opentelemetry_ctx_token: token,
+      exception_object: Exception.new('boom')
+    )
+
+    status = last_span.status
+    _(status.code).must_equal(OpenTelemetry::Trace::Status::ERROR)
+    _(status.description).must_equal('Unhandled exception of type: Exception')
+
+    event = last_span.events.first
+    _(event.name).must_equal('exception')
+    _(event.attributes['exception.message']).must_equal('boom')
+  end
+
+  describe 'instrumentation option - disallowed_notification_payload_keys' do
+    before do
+      instrumentation.instance_variable_set(:@installed, false)
+      instrumentation.install(disallowed_notification_payload_keys: [:foo])
+    end
+
+    after do
+      instrumentation.instance_variable_set(:@installed, false)
+      instrumentation.install({})
+    end
+
+    it 'does not set disallowed attributes from notification payloads' do
+      span, token = subscriber.start('hai', 'abc', {})
+      subscriber.finish(
+        'hai',
+        'abc',
+        __opentelemetry_span: span,
+        __opentelemetry_ctx_token: token,
+        foo: 'bar',
+        baz: 'bat'
+      )
+
+      _(last_span).wont_be_nil
+      _(last_span.attributes.key?('foo')).must_equal(false)
+      _(last_span.attributes['baz']).must_equal('bat')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'instrumentation option - notification_payload_transform' do
+    let(:transformer_proc) { ->(v) { v.transform_values { 'optimus prime' } } }
+
+    before do
+      instrumentation.instance_variable_set(:@installed, false)
+      instrumentation.install(notification_payload_transform: transformer_proc)
+    end
+
+    after do
+      instrumentation.instance_variable_set(:@installed, false)
+      instrumentation.install({})
+    end
+
+    it 'allows a callable to transform all payload values' do
+      span, token = subscriber.start('hai', 'abc', {})
+      subscriber.finish(
+        'hai',
+        'abc',
+        __opentelemetry_span: span,
+        __opentelemetry_ctx_token: token,
+        thing: 'a semi truck'
+      )
+
+      _(last_span).wont_be_nil
+      _(last_span.attributes['thing']).must_equal('optimus prime')
+    end
+  end
+end