diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 359ad7d7876..fae7b823869 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 - `opentelemetry-distro` & `opentelemetry-sdk` Moved Auto Instrumentation Configurator code to SDK
   to let distros use its default implementation
   ([#1937](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/pull/1937))
+- Add Trace ID validation to meet [TraceID spec](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/overview.md#spancontext) ([#1992](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/pull/1992))
 
 ## [0.23.1](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/pull/1987) - 2021-07-26
 
diff --git a/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/trace/span.py b/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/trace/span.py
index c4c713cf3e7..832b8b62f6a 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/trace/span.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/trace/span.py
@@ -389,6 +389,7 @@ def values(self) -> typing.ValuesView[str]:
 
 
 DEFAULT_TRACE_STATE = TraceState.get_default()
+_TRACE_ID_HEX_LENGTH = 2 ** 128 - 1
 
 
 class SpanContext(
@@ -420,7 +421,11 @@ def __new__(
         if trace_state is None:
             trace_state = DEFAULT_TRACE_STATE
 
-        is_valid = trace_id != INVALID_TRACE_ID and span_id != INVALID_SPAN_ID
+        is_valid = (
+            trace_id != INVALID_TRACE_ID
+            and span_id != INVALID_SPAN_ID
+            and trace_id < _TRACE_ID_HEX_LENGTH
+        )
 
         return tuple.__new__(
             cls,
diff --git a/opentelemetry-api/tests/trace/test_span_context.py b/opentelemetry-api/tests/trace/test_span_context.py
index c109d006a53..1ec32253c31 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-api/tests/trace/test_span_context.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-api/tests/trace/test_span_context.py
@@ -34,3 +34,12 @@ def test_span_context_pickle(self):
         pickle_sc = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(sc))
         self.assertEqual(sc.trace_id, pickle_sc.trace_id)
         self.assertEqual(sc.span_id, pickle_sc.span_id)
+
+        invalid_sc = trace.SpanContext(
+            9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999,
+            9,
+            is_remote=False,
+            trace_flags=trace.DEFAULT_TRACE_OPTIONS,
+            trace_state=trace.DEFAULT_TRACE_STATE,
+        )
+        self.assertFalse(invalid_sc.is_valid)