diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index c4bea447f7be..7b12f0d411d5 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -106,6 +106,13 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.htm
   Instead it uses the `net.sock.peer` attributes. (#3581)
 - The parameters for the `RegisterCallback` method of the `Meter` from `go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric` are changed.
   The slice of `instrument.Asynchronous` parameter is now passed as a variadic argument. (#3587)
+- The `Callback` in `go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric` has the added `Observer` parameter added.
+  This new parameter is used by `Callback` implementations to observe values for asynchronous instruments instead of calling the `Observe` method of the instrument directly. (#3584)
+
+### Fixed
+
+- The `RegisterCallback` method of the `Meter` from `go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric` only registers a callback for instruments created by that meter.
+  Trying to register a callback with instruments from a different meter will result in an error being returned. (#3584)
 
 ### Deprecated
 
diff --git a/example/prometheus/main.go b/example/prometheus/main.go
index 4e9be3b84da6..5c02d01c9b55 100644
--- a/example/prometheus/main.go
+++ b/example/prometheus/main.go
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus"
+	api "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/instrument"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric"
 )
@@ -68,9 +69,9 @@ func main() {
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	_, err = meter.RegisterCallback(func(ctx context.Context) error {
+	_, err = meter.RegisterCallback(func(_ context.Context, o api.Observer) error {
 		n := -10. + rand.Float64()*(90.) // [-10, 100)
-		gauge.Observe(ctx, n, attrs...)
+		o.ObserveFloat64(gauge, n, attrs...)
 		return nil
 	}, gauge)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/metric/example_test.go b/metric/example_test.go
index 4653d612e8c6..9b33c0f9b5f2 100644
--- a/metric/example_test.go
+++ b/metric/example_test.go
@@ -90,13 +90,13 @@ func ExampleMeter_asynchronous_multiple() {
 	gcPause, _ := meter.Float64Histogram("gcPause")
 
 	_, err := meter.RegisterCallback(
-		func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		func(ctx context.Context, o metric.Observer) error {
 			memStats := &runtime.MemStats{}
 			// This call does work
 			runtime.ReadMemStats(memStats)
 
-			heapAlloc.Observe(ctx, int64(memStats.HeapAlloc))
-			gcCount.Observe(ctx, int64(memStats.NumGC))
+			o.ObserveInt64(heapAlloc, int64(memStats.HeapAlloc))
+			o.ObserveInt64(gcCount, int64(memStats.NumGC))
 
 			// This function synchronously records the pauses
 			computeGCPauses(ctx, gcPause, memStats.PauseNs[:])
diff --git a/metric/internal/global/instruments.go b/metric/internal/global/instruments.go
index c4b3d1ff5ab5..1398ada26be7 100644
--- a/metric/internal/global/instruments.go
+++ b/metric/internal/global/instruments.go
@@ -24,6 +24,11 @@ import (
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/instrument"
 )
 
+// unwrapper unwraps to return the underlying instrument implementation.
+type unwrapper interface {
+	Unwrap() instrument.Asynchronous
+}
+
 type afCounter struct {
 	name string
 	opts []instrument.Float64ObserverOption
@@ -33,6 +38,9 @@ type afCounter struct {
 	instrument.Asynchronous
 }
 
+var _ unwrapper = (*afCounter)(nil)
+var _ instrument.Float64ObservableCounter = (*afCounter)(nil)
+
 func (i *afCounter) setDelegate(m metric.Meter) {
 	ctr, err := m.Float64ObservableCounter(i.name, i.opts...)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -48,7 +56,7 @@ func (i *afCounter) Observe(ctx context.Context, x float64, attrs ...attribute.K
 	}
 }
 
-func (i *afCounter) unwrap() instrument.Asynchronous {
+func (i *afCounter) Unwrap() instrument.Asynchronous {
 	if ctr := i.delegate.Load(); ctr != nil {
 		return ctr.(instrument.Float64ObservableCounter)
 	}
@@ -64,6 +72,9 @@ type afUpDownCounter struct {
 	instrument.Asynchronous
 }
 
+var _ unwrapper = (*afUpDownCounter)(nil)
+var _ instrument.Float64ObservableUpDownCounter = (*afUpDownCounter)(nil)
+
 func (i *afUpDownCounter) setDelegate(m metric.Meter) {
 	ctr, err := m.Float64ObservableUpDownCounter(i.name, i.opts...)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -79,7 +90,7 @@ func (i *afUpDownCounter) Observe(ctx context.Context, x float64, attrs ...attri
 	}
 }
 
-func (i *afUpDownCounter) unwrap() instrument.Asynchronous {
+func (i *afUpDownCounter) Unwrap() instrument.Asynchronous {
 	if ctr := i.delegate.Load(); ctr != nil {
 		return ctr.(instrument.Float64ObservableUpDownCounter)
 	}
@@ -104,13 +115,16 @@ func (i *afGauge) setDelegate(m metric.Meter) {
 	i.delegate.Store(ctr)
 }
 
+var _ unwrapper = (*afGauge)(nil)
+var _ instrument.Float64ObservableGauge = (*afGauge)(nil)
+
 func (i *afGauge) Observe(ctx context.Context, x float64, attrs ...attribute.KeyValue) {
 	if ctr := i.delegate.Load(); ctr != nil {
 		ctr.(instrument.Float64ObservableGauge).Observe(ctx, x, attrs...)
 	}
 }
 
-func (i *afGauge) unwrap() instrument.Asynchronous {
+func (i *afGauge) Unwrap() instrument.Asynchronous {
 	if ctr := i.delegate.Load(); ctr != nil {
 		return ctr.(instrument.Float64ObservableGauge)
 	}
@@ -126,6 +140,9 @@ type aiCounter struct {
 	instrument.Asynchronous
 }
 
+var _ unwrapper = (*aiCounter)(nil)
+var _ instrument.Int64ObservableCounter = (*aiCounter)(nil)
+
 func (i *aiCounter) setDelegate(m metric.Meter) {
 	ctr, err := m.Int64ObservableCounter(i.name, i.opts...)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -141,7 +158,7 @@ func (i *aiCounter) Observe(ctx context.Context, x int64, attrs ...attribute.Key
 	}
 }
 
-func (i *aiCounter) unwrap() instrument.Asynchronous {
+func (i *aiCounter) Unwrap() instrument.Asynchronous {
 	if ctr := i.delegate.Load(); ctr != nil {
 		return ctr.(instrument.Int64ObservableCounter)
 	}
@@ -157,6 +174,9 @@ type aiUpDownCounter struct {
 	instrument.Asynchronous
 }
 
+var _ unwrapper = (*aiUpDownCounter)(nil)
+var _ instrument.Int64ObservableUpDownCounter = (*aiUpDownCounter)(nil)
+
 func (i *aiUpDownCounter) setDelegate(m metric.Meter) {
 	ctr, err := m.Int64ObservableUpDownCounter(i.name, i.opts...)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -172,7 +192,7 @@ func (i *aiUpDownCounter) Observe(ctx context.Context, x int64, attrs ...attribu
 	}
 }
 
-func (i *aiUpDownCounter) unwrap() instrument.Asynchronous {
+func (i *aiUpDownCounter) Unwrap() instrument.Asynchronous {
 	if ctr := i.delegate.Load(); ctr != nil {
 		return ctr.(instrument.Int64ObservableUpDownCounter)
 	}
@@ -188,6 +208,9 @@ type aiGauge struct {
 	instrument.Asynchronous
 }
 
+var _ unwrapper = (*aiGauge)(nil)
+var _ instrument.Int64ObservableGauge = (*aiGauge)(nil)
+
 func (i *aiGauge) setDelegate(m metric.Meter) {
 	ctr, err := m.Int64ObservableGauge(i.name, i.opts...)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -203,7 +226,7 @@ func (i *aiGauge) Observe(ctx context.Context, x int64, attrs ...attribute.KeyVa
 	}
 }
 
-func (i *aiGauge) unwrap() instrument.Asynchronous {
+func (i *aiGauge) Unwrap() instrument.Asynchronous {
 	if ctr := i.delegate.Load(); ctr != nil {
 		return ctr.(instrument.Int64ObservableGauge)
 	}
@@ -220,6 +243,8 @@ type sfCounter struct {
 	instrument.Synchronous
 }
 
+var _ instrument.Float64Counter = (*sfCounter)(nil)
+
 func (i *sfCounter) setDelegate(m metric.Meter) {
 	ctr, err := m.Float64Counter(i.name, i.opts...)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -244,6 +269,8 @@ type sfUpDownCounter struct {
 	instrument.Synchronous
 }
 
+var _ instrument.Float64UpDownCounter = (*sfUpDownCounter)(nil)
+
 func (i *sfUpDownCounter) setDelegate(m metric.Meter) {
 	ctr, err := m.Float64UpDownCounter(i.name, i.opts...)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -268,6 +295,8 @@ type sfHistogram struct {
 	instrument.Synchronous
 }
 
+var _ instrument.Float64Histogram = (*sfHistogram)(nil)
+
 func (i *sfHistogram) setDelegate(m metric.Meter) {
 	ctr, err := m.Float64Histogram(i.name, i.opts...)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -292,6 +321,8 @@ type siCounter struct {
 	instrument.Synchronous
 }
 
+var _ instrument.Int64Counter = (*siCounter)(nil)
+
 func (i *siCounter) setDelegate(m metric.Meter) {
 	ctr, err := m.Int64Counter(i.name, i.opts...)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -316,6 +347,8 @@ type siUpDownCounter struct {
 	instrument.Synchronous
 }
 
+var _ instrument.Int64UpDownCounter = (*siUpDownCounter)(nil)
+
 func (i *siUpDownCounter) setDelegate(m metric.Meter) {
 	ctr, err := m.Int64UpDownCounter(i.name, i.opts...)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -340,6 +373,8 @@ type siHistogram struct {
 	instrument.Synchronous
 }
 
+var _ instrument.Int64Histogram = (*siHistogram)(nil)
+
 func (i *siHistogram) setDelegate(m metric.Meter) {
 	ctr, err := m.Int64Histogram(i.name, i.opts...)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/metric/internal/global/meter.go b/metric/internal/global/meter.go
index 92f35e9730bb..8acf632863cb 100644
--- a/metric/internal/global/meter.go
+++ b/metric/internal/global/meter.go
@@ -275,9 +275,6 @@ func (m *meter) Float64ObservableGauge(name string, options ...instrument.Float6
 }
 
 // RegisterCallback captures the function that will be called during Collect.
-//
-// It is only valid to call Observe within the scope of the passed function,
-// and only on the instruments that were registered with this call.
 func (m *meter) RegisterCallback(f metric.Callback, insts ...instrument.Asynchronous) (metric.Registration, error) {
 	if del, ok := m.delegate.Load().(metric.Meter); ok {
 		insts = unwrapInstruments(insts)
diff --git a/metric/internal/global/meter_test.go b/metric/internal/global/meter_test.go
index eeb43689b0ef..704c1f956342 100644
--- a/metric/internal/global/meter_test.go
+++ b/metric/internal/global/meter_test.go
@@ -45,6 +45,10 @@ func TestMeterProviderRace(t *testing.T) {
 	close(finish)
 }
 
+var zeroCallback metric.Callback = func(ctx context.Context, or metric.Observer) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func TestMeterRace(t *testing.T) {
 	mtr := &meter{}
 
@@ -66,7 +70,7 @@ func TestMeterRace(t *testing.T) {
 			_, _ = mtr.Int64Counter(name)
 			_, _ = mtr.Int64UpDownCounter(name)
 			_, _ = mtr.Int64Histogram(name)
-			_, _ = mtr.RegisterCallback(func(ctx context.Context) error { return nil })
+			_, _ = mtr.RegisterCallback(zeroCallback)
 			if !once {
 				wg.Done()
 				once = true
@@ -86,7 +90,7 @@ func TestMeterRace(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestUnregisterRace(t *testing.T) {
 	mtr := &meter{}
-	reg, err := mtr.RegisterCallback(func(ctx context.Context) error { return nil })
+	reg, err := mtr.RegisterCallback(zeroCallback)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
@@ -128,8 +132,8 @@ func testSetupAllInstrumentTypes(t *testing.T, m metric.Meter) (instrument.Float
 	_, err = m.Int64ObservableGauge("test_Async_Gauge")
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-	_, err = m.RegisterCallback(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		afcounter.Observe(ctx, 3)
+	_, err = m.RegisterCallback(func(ctx context.Context, obs metric.Observer) error {
+		obs.ObserveFloat64(afcounter, 3)
 		return nil
 	}, afcounter)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -323,7 +327,7 @@ func TestRegistrationDelegation(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	var called0 bool
-	reg0, err := m.RegisterCallback(func(context.Context) error {
+	reg0, err := m.RegisterCallback(func(context.Context, metric.Observer) error {
 		called0 = true
 		return nil
 	}, actr)
@@ -334,7 +338,7 @@ func TestRegistrationDelegation(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, mImpl.registry.Len(), "callback not unregistered")
 
 	var called1 bool
-	reg1, err := m.RegisterCallback(func(context.Context) error {
+	reg1, err := m.RegisterCallback(func(context.Context, metric.Observer) error {
 		called1 = true
 		return nil
 	}, actr)
diff --git a/metric/internal/global/meter_types_test.go b/metric/internal/global/meter_types_test.go
index 3dfc74af7b3d..84637b286f9b 100644
--- a/metric/internal/global/meter_types_test.go
+++ b/metric/internal/global/meter_types_test.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package global // import "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/internal/global"
 import (
 	"context"
 
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/instrument"
 )
@@ -112,9 +113,6 @@ func (m *testMeter) Float64ObservableGauge(name string, options ...instrument.Fl
 }
 
 // RegisterCallback captures the function that will be called during Collect.
-//
-// It is only valid to call Observe within the scope of the passed function,
-// and only on the instruments that were registered with this call.
 func (m *testMeter) RegisterCallback(f metric.Callback, i ...instrument.Asynchronous) (metric.Registration, error) {
 	m.callbacks = append(m.callbacks, f)
 	return testReg{
@@ -136,11 +134,24 @@ func (r testReg) Unregister() error {
 // This enables async collection.
 func (m *testMeter) collect() {
 	ctx := context.Background()
+	o := observationRecorder{ctx}
 	for _, f := range m.callbacks {
 		if f == nil {
 			// Unregister.
 			continue
 		}
-		_ = f(ctx)
+		_ = f(ctx, o)
 	}
 }
+
+type observationRecorder struct {
+	ctx context.Context
+}
+
+func (o observationRecorder) ObserveFloat64(i instrument.Float64Observer, value float64, attr ...attribute.KeyValue) {
+	i.Observe(o.ctx, value, attr...)
+}
+
+func (o observationRecorder) ObserveInt64(i instrument.Int64Observer, value int64, attr ...attribute.KeyValue) {
+	i.Observe(o.ctx, value, attr...)
+}
diff --git a/metric/meter.go b/metric/meter.go
index d384d0df17e2..fc39f40b3d84 100644
--- a/metric/meter.go
+++ b/metric/meter.go
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ package metric // import "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric"
 import (
 	"context"
 
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/instrument"
 )
 
@@ -106,7 +107,8 @@ type Meter interface {
 }
 
 // Callback is a function registered with a Meter that makes observations for
-// the set of instruments it is registered with.
+// the set of instruments it is registered with. The Observer parameter is used
+// to record measurment observations for these instruments.
 //
 // The function needs to complete in a finite amount of time and the deadline
 // of the passed context is expected to be honored.
@@ -116,7 +118,15 @@ type Meter interface {
 // the same attributes as another Callback will report.
 //
 // The function needs to be concurrent safe.
-type Callback func(context.Context) error
+type Callback func(context.Context, Observer) error
+
+// Observer records measurements for multiple instruments in a Callback.
+type Observer interface {
+	// ObserveFloat64 records the float64 value with attributes for obsrv.
+	ObserveFloat64(obsrv instrument.Float64Observer, value float64, attributes ...attribute.KeyValue)
+	// ObserveInt64 records the int64 value with attributes for obsrv.
+	ObserveInt64(obsrv instrument.Int64Observer, value int64, attributes ...attribute.KeyValue)
+}
 
 // Registration is an token representing the unique registration of a callback
 // for a set of instruments with a Meter.
diff --git a/sdk/metric/instrument.go b/sdk/metric/instrument.go
index 5414a8db7e68..2b3c2356d3a6 100644
--- a/sdk/metric/instrument.go
+++ b/sdk/metric/instrument.go
@@ -16,8 +16,11 @@ package metric // import "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric"
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/internal/global"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/instrument"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/unit"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/instrumentation"
@@ -170,33 +173,17 @@ type instrumentID struct {
 }
 
 type instrumentImpl[N int64 | float64] struct {
-	instrument.Asynchronous
 	instrument.Synchronous
 
 	aggregators []internal.Aggregator[N]
 }
 
-var _ instrument.Float64ObservableCounter = &instrumentImpl[float64]{}
-var _ instrument.Float64ObservableUpDownCounter = &instrumentImpl[float64]{}
-var _ instrument.Float64ObservableGauge = &instrumentImpl[float64]{}
-var _ instrument.Int64ObservableCounter = &instrumentImpl[int64]{}
-var _ instrument.Int64ObservableUpDownCounter = &instrumentImpl[int64]{}
-var _ instrument.Int64ObservableGauge = &instrumentImpl[int64]{}
-var _ instrument.Float64Counter = &instrumentImpl[float64]{}
-var _ instrument.Float64UpDownCounter = &instrumentImpl[float64]{}
-var _ instrument.Float64Histogram = &instrumentImpl[float64]{}
-var _ instrument.Int64Counter = &instrumentImpl[int64]{}
-var _ instrument.Int64UpDownCounter = &instrumentImpl[int64]{}
-var _ instrument.Int64Histogram = &instrumentImpl[int64]{}
-
-func (i *instrumentImpl[N]) Observe(ctx context.Context, val N, attrs ...attribute.KeyValue) {
-	// Only record a value if this is being called from the MetricProvider.
-	_, ok := ctx.Value(produceKey).(struct{})
-	if !ok {
-		return
-	}
-	i.aggregate(ctx, val, attrs)
-}
+var _ instrument.Float64Counter = (*instrumentImpl[float64])(nil)
+var _ instrument.Float64UpDownCounter = (*instrumentImpl[float64])(nil)
+var _ instrument.Float64Histogram = (*instrumentImpl[float64])(nil)
+var _ instrument.Int64Counter = (*instrumentImpl[int64])(nil)
+var _ instrument.Int64UpDownCounter = (*instrumentImpl[int64])(nil)
+var _ instrument.Int64Histogram = (*instrumentImpl[int64])(nil)
 
 func (i *instrumentImpl[N]) Add(ctx context.Context, val N, attrs ...attribute.KeyValue) {
 	i.aggregate(ctx, val, attrs)
@@ -214,3 +201,79 @@ func (i *instrumentImpl[N]) aggregate(ctx context.Context, val N, attrs []attrib
 		agg.Aggregate(val, attribute.NewSet(attrs...))
 	}
 }
+
+// observablID is a comparable unique identifier of an observable.
+type observablID[N int64 | float64] struct {
+	name        string
+	description string
+	kind        InstrumentKind
+	unit        unit.Unit
+	scope       instrumentation.Scope
+}
+
+type observable[N int64 | float64] struct {
+	instrument.Asynchronous
+	observablID[N]
+
+	aggregators []internal.Aggregator[N]
+}
+
+func newObservable[N int64 | float64](scope instrumentation.Scope, kind InstrumentKind, name, desc string, u unit.Unit, agg []internal.Aggregator[N]) *observable[N] {
+	return &observable[N]{
+		observablID: observablID[N]{
+			name:        name,
+			description: desc,
+			kind:        kind,
+			unit:        u,
+			scope:       scope,
+		},
+		aggregators: agg,
+	}
+}
+
+var _ instrument.Float64ObservableCounter = (*observable[float64])(nil)
+var _ instrument.Float64ObservableUpDownCounter = (*observable[float64])(nil)
+var _ instrument.Float64ObservableGauge = (*observable[float64])(nil)
+var _ instrument.Int64ObservableCounter = (*observable[int64])(nil)
+var _ instrument.Int64ObservableUpDownCounter = (*observable[int64])(nil)
+var _ instrument.Int64ObservableGauge = (*observable[int64])(nil)
+
+// Observe logs an error.
+func (o *observable[N]) Observe(ctx context.Context, val N, attrs ...attribute.KeyValue) {
+	var zero N
+	err := errors.New("invalid observation")
+	global.Error(err, "dropping observation made outside a callback",
+		"name", o.name,
+		"description", o.description,
+		"unit", o.unit,
+		"number", fmt.Sprintf("%T", zero),
+	)
+}
+
+// observe records the val for the set of attrs.
+func (o *observable[N]) observe(val N, attrs []attribute.KeyValue) {
+	for _, agg := range o.aggregators {
+		agg.Aggregate(val, attribute.NewSet(attrs...))
+	}
+}
+
+var errEmptyAgg = errors.New("no aggregators for observable instrument")
+
+// registerable returns an error if the observable o should not be registered,
+// and nil if it should. An errEmptyAgg error is returned if o is effecively a
+// no-op because it does not have any aggregators. Also, an error is returned
+// if scope defines a Meter other than the one o was created by.
+func (o *observable[N]) registerable(scope instrumentation.Scope) error {
+	if len(o.aggregators) == 0 {
+		return errEmptyAgg
+	}
+	if scope != o.scope {
+		return fmt.Errorf(
+			"invalid registration: observable %q from Meter %q, registered with Meter %q",
+			o.name,
+			o.scope.Name,
+			scope.Name,
+		)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/sdk/metric/meter.go b/sdk/metric/meter.go
index ab0128c98b7d..7a4d6f9d3779 100644
--- a/sdk/metric/meter.go
+++ b/sdk/metric/meter.go
@@ -16,11 +16,16 @@ package metric // import "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric"
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/internal/global"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/instrument"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/unit"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/instrumentation"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric/internal"
 )
 
 // meter handles the creation and coordination of all metric instruments. A
@@ -28,6 +33,7 @@ import (
 // produced by an instrumentation scope will use metric instruments from a
 // single meter.
 type meter struct {
+	scope instrumentation.Scope
 	pipes pipelines
 
 	int64IP   *instProvider[int64]
@@ -45,6 +51,7 @@ func newMeter(s instrumentation.Scope, p pipelines) *meter {
 	fc := newInstrumentCache[float64](nil, &viewCache)
 
 	return &meter{
+		scope:     s,
 		pipes:     p,
 		int64IP:   newInstProvider(s, p, ic),
 		float64IP: newInstProvider(s, p, fc),
@@ -201,28 +208,150 @@ func (m *meter) Float64ObservableGauge(name string, options ...instrument.Float6
 // RegisterCallback registers the function f to be called when any of the
 // insts Collect method is called.
 func (m *meter) RegisterCallback(f metric.Callback, insts ...instrument.Asynchronous) (metric.Registration, error) {
+	if len(insts) == 0 {
+		// Don't allocate a observer if not needed.
+		return noopRegister{}, nil
+	}
+
+	reg := newObserver()
+	var errs multierror
 	for _, inst := range insts {
-		// Only register if at least one instrument has a non-drop aggregation.
-		// Otherwise, calling f during collection will be wasted computation.
-		switch t := inst.(type) {
-		case *instrumentImpl[int64]:
-			if len(t.aggregators) > 0 {
-				return m.registerMultiCallback(f)
+		// Unwrap any global.
+		if u, ok := inst.(interface {
+			Unwrap() instrument.Asynchronous
+		}); ok {
+			inst = u.Unwrap()
+		}
+
+		switch o := inst.(type) {
+		case *observable[int64]:
+			if err := o.registerable(m.scope); err != nil {
+				if !errors.Is(err, errEmptyAgg) {
+					errs.append(err)
+				}
+				continue
 			}
-		case *instrumentImpl[float64]:
-			if len(t.aggregators) > 0 {
-				return m.registerMultiCallback(f)
+			reg.registerInt64(o.observablID)
+		case *observable[float64]:
+			if err := o.registerable(m.scope); err != nil {
+				if !errors.Is(err, errEmptyAgg) {
+					errs.append(err)
+				}
+				continue
 			}
+			reg.registerFloat64(o.observablID)
 		default:
-			// Instrument external to the SDK. For example, an instrument from
-			// the "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/internal/global" package.
-			//
-			// Fail gracefully here, assume a valid instrument.
-			return m.registerMultiCallback(f)
+			// Instrument external to the SDK.
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid observable: from different implementation")
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := errs.errorOrNil(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if reg.len() == 0 {
+		// All insts use drop aggregation.
+		return noopRegister{}, nil
+	}
+
+	cback := func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return f(ctx, reg)
+	}
+	return m.pipes.registerMultiCallback(cback), nil
+}
+
+type observer struct {
+	float64 map[observablID[float64]]struct{}
+	int64   map[observablID[int64]]struct{}
+}
+
+func newObserver() observer {
+	return observer{
+		float64: make(map[observablID[float64]]struct{}),
+		int64:   make(map[observablID[int64]]struct{}),
+	}
+}
+
+func (r observer) len() int {
+	return len(r.float64) + len(r.int64)
+}
+
+func (r observer) registerFloat64(id observablID[float64]) {
+	r.float64[id] = struct{}{}
+}
+
+func (r observer) registerInt64(id observablID[int64]) {
+	r.int64[id] = struct{}{}
+}
+
+var (
+	errUnknownObserver = errors.New("unknown observable instrument")
+	errUnregObserver   = errors.New("observable instrument not registered for callback")
+)
+
+func (r observer) ObserveFloat64(o instrument.Float64Observer, v float64, a ...attribute.KeyValue) {
+	var oImpl *observable[float64]
+	switch conv := o.(type) {
+	case *observable[float64]:
+		oImpl = conv
+	case interface {
+		Unwrap() instrument.Asynchronous
+	}:
+		// Unwrap any global.
+		async := conv.Unwrap()
+		var ok bool
+		if oImpl, ok = async.(*observable[float64]); !ok {
+			global.Error(errUnknownObserver, "failed to record asynchronous")
+			return
 		}
+	default:
+		global.Error(errUnknownObserver, "failed to record")
+		return
+	}
+
+	if _, registered := r.float64[oImpl.observablID]; !registered {
+		global.Error(errUnregObserver, "failed to record",
+			"name", oImpl.name,
+			"description", oImpl.description,
+			"unit", oImpl.unit,
+			"number", fmt.Sprintf("%T", float64(0)),
+		)
+		return
+	}
+	oImpl.observe(v, a)
+}
+
+func (r observer) ObserveInt64(o instrument.Int64Observer, v int64, a ...attribute.KeyValue) {
+	var oImpl *observable[int64]
+	switch conv := o.(type) {
+	case *observable[int64]:
+		oImpl = conv
+	case interface {
+		Unwrap() instrument.Asynchronous
+	}:
+		// Unwrap any global.
+		async := conv.Unwrap()
+		var ok bool
+		if oImpl, ok = async.(*observable[int64]); !ok {
+			global.Error(errUnknownObserver, "failed to record asynchronous")
+			return
+		}
+	default:
+		global.Error(errUnknownObserver, "failed to record")
+		return
 	}
-	// All insts use drop aggregation.
-	return noopRegister{}, nil
+
+	if _, registered := r.int64[oImpl.observablID]; !registered {
+		global.Error(errUnregObserver, "failed to record",
+			"name", oImpl.name,
+			"description", oImpl.description,
+			"unit", oImpl.unit,
+			"number", fmt.Sprintf("%T", int64(0)),
+		)
+		return
+	}
+	oImpl.observe(v, a)
 }
 
 type noopRegister struct{}
@@ -231,10 +360,6 @@ func (noopRegister) Unregister() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (m *meter) registerMultiCallback(c metric.Callback) (metric.Registration, error) {
-	return m.pipes.registerMultiCallback(c), nil
-}
-
 // instProvider provides all OpenTelemetry instruments.
 type instProvider[N int64 | float64] struct {
 	scope   instrumentation.Scope
@@ -246,8 +371,7 @@ func newInstProvider[N int64 | float64](s instrumentation.Scope, p pipelines, c
 	return &instProvider[N]{scope: s, pipes: p, resolve: newResolver(p, c)}
 }
 
-// lookup returns the resolved instrumentImpl.
-func (p *instProvider[N]) lookup(kind InstrumentKind, name, desc string, u unit.Unit) (*instrumentImpl[N], error) {
+func (p *instProvider[N]) aggs(kind InstrumentKind, name, desc string, u unit.Unit) ([]internal.Aggregator[N], error) {
 	inst := Instrument{
 		Name:        name,
 		Description: desc,
@@ -255,13 +379,23 @@ func (p *instProvider[N]) lookup(kind InstrumentKind, name, desc string, u unit.
 		Kind:        kind,
 		Scope:       p.scope,
 	}
-	aggs, err := p.resolve.Aggregators(inst)
+	return p.resolve.Aggregators(inst)
+}
+
+// lookup returns the resolved instrumentImpl.
+func (p *instProvider[N]) lookup(kind InstrumentKind, name, desc string, u unit.Unit) (*instrumentImpl[N], error) {
+	aggs, err := p.aggs(kind, name, desc, u)
 	return &instrumentImpl[N]{aggregators: aggs}, err
 }
 
 type int64ObservProvider struct{ *instProvider[int64] }
 
-func (p int64ObservProvider) registerCallbacks(inst *instrumentImpl[int64], cBacks []instrument.Int64Callback) {
+func (p int64ObservProvider) lookup(kind InstrumentKind, name, desc string, u unit.Unit) (*observable[int64], error) {
+	aggs, err := p.aggs(kind, name, desc, u)
+	return newObservable(p.scope, kind, name, desc, u, aggs), err
+}
+
+func (p int64ObservProvider) registerCallbacks(inst *observable[int64], cBacks []instrument.Int64Callback) {
 	if inst == nil {
 		// Drop aggregator.
 		return
@@ -272,13 +406,19 @@ func (p int64ObservProvider) registerCallbacks(inst *instrumentImpl[int64], cBac
 	}
 }
 
-func (p int64ObservProvider) callback(i *instrumentImpl[int64], f instrument.Int64Callback) func(context.Context) error {
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error { return f(ctx, i) }
+func (p int64ObservProvider) callback(i *observable[int64], f instrument.Int64Callback) func(context.Context) error {
+	inst := callbackObserver[int64]{i}
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error { return f(ctx, inst) }
 }
 
 type float64ObservProvider struct{ *instProvider[float64] }
 
-func (p float64ObservProvider) registerCallbacks(inst *instrumentImpl[float64], cBacks []instrument.Float64Callback) {
+func (p float64ObservProvider) lookup(kind InstrumentKind, name, desc string, u unit.Unit) (*observable[float64], error) {
+	aggs, err := p.aggs(kind, name, desc, u)
+	return newObservable(p.scope, kind, name, desc, u, aggs), err
+}
+
+func (p float64ObservProvider) registerCallbacks(inst *observable[float64], cBacks []instrument.Float64Callback) {
 	if inst == nil {
 		// Drop aggregator.
 		return
@@ -289,6 +429,17 @@ func (p float64ObservProvider) registerCallbacks(inst *instrumentImpl[float64],
 	}
 }
 
-func (p float64ObservProvider) callback(i *instrumentImpl[float64], f instrument.Float64Callback) func(context.Context) error {
-	return func(ctx context.Context) error { return f(ctx, i) }
+func (p float64ObservProvider) callback(i *observable[float64], f instrument.Float64Callback) func(context.Context) error {
+	inst := callbackObserver[float64]{i}
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error { return f(ctx, inst) }
+}
+
+// callbackObserver is an observer that records values for a wrapped
+// observable.
+type callbackObserver[N int64 | float64] struct {
+	*observable[N]
+}
+
+func (o callbackObserver[N]) Observe(_ context.Context, val N, attrs ...attribute.KeyValue) {
+	o.observe(val, attrs)
 }
diff --git a/sdk/metric/meter_test.go b/sdk/metric/meter_test.go
index 76a0bf8ec10c..190528e3c516 100644
--- a/sdk/metric/meter_test.go
+++ b/sdk/metric/meter_test.go
@@ -16,14 +16,20 @@ package metric
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/go-logr/logr"
+	"github.com/go-logr/logr/testr"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/global"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric/instrument"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/instrumentation"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric/aggregation"
@@ -91,7 +97,7 @@ func TestMeterInstrumentConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
 	wg.Wait()
 }
 
-var emptyCallback metric.Callback = func(ctx context.Context) error { return nil }
+var emptyCallback metric.Callback = func(context.Context, metric.Observer) error { return nil }
 
 // A Meter Should be able register Callbacks Concurrently.
 func TestMeterCallbackCreationConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
@@ -179,8 +185,8 @@ func TestMeterCreatesInstruments(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 				ctr, err := m.Int64ObservableCounter("aint", instrument.WithInt64Callback(cback))
 				assert.NoError(t, err)
-				_, err = m.RegisterCallback(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 3)
+				_, err = m.RegisterCallback(func(_ context.Context, o metric.Observer) error {
+					o.ObserveInt64(ctr, 3)
 					return nil
 				}, ctr)
 				assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -209,8 +215,8 @@ func TestMeterCreatesInstruments(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 				ctr, err := m.Int64ObservableUpDownCounter("aint", instrument.WithInt64Callback(cback))
 				assert.NoError(t, err)
-				_, err = m.RegisterCallback(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 11)
+				_, err = m.RegisterCallback(func(_ context.Context, o metric.Observer) error {
+					o.ObserveInt64(ctr, 11)
 					return nil
 				}, ctr)
 				assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -239,8 +245,8 @@ func TestMeterCreatesInstruments(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 				gauge, err := m.Int64ObservableGauge("agauge", instrument.WithInt64Callback(cback))
 				assert.NoError(t, err)
-				_, err = m.RegisterCallback(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-					gauge.Observe(ctx, 11)
+				_, err = m.RegisterCallback(func(_ context.Context, o metric.Observer) error {
+					o.ObserveInt64(gauge, 11)
 					return nil
 				}, gauge)
 				assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -267,8 +273,8 @@ func TestMeterCreatesInstruments(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 				ctr, err := m.Float64ObservableCounter("afloat", instrument.WithFloat64Callback(cback))
 				assert.NoError(t, err)
-				_, err = m.RegisterCallback(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 3)
+				_, err = m.RegisterCallback(func(_ context.Context, o metric.Observer) error {
+					o.ObserveFloat64(ctr, 3)
 					return nil
 				}, ctr)
 				assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -297,8 +303,8 @@ func TestMeterCreatesInstruments(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 				ctr, err := m.Float64ObservableUpDownCounter("afloat", instrument.WithFloat64Callback(cback))
 				assert.NoError(t, err)
-				_, err = m.RegisterCallback(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 11)
+				_, err = m.RegisterCallback(func(_ context.Context, o metric.Observer) error {
+					o.ObserveFloat64(ctr, 11)
 					return nil
 				}, ctr)
 				assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -327,8 +333,8 @@ func TestMeterCreatesInstruments(t *testing.T) {
 				}
 				gauge, err := m.Float64ObservableGauge("agauge", instrument.WithFloat64Callback(cback))
 				assert.NoError(t, err)
-				_, err = m.RegisterCallback(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-					gauge.Observe(ctx, 11)
+				_, err = m.RegisterCallback(func(_ context.Context, o metric.Observer) error {
+					o.ObserveFloat64(gauge, 11)
 					return nil
 				}, gauge)
 				assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -496,6 +502,229 @@ func TestMeterCreatesInstruments(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestRegisterNonSDKObserverErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	rdr := NewManualReader()
+	mp := NewMeterProvider(WithReader(rdr))
+	meter := mp.Meter("scope")
+
+	type obsrv struct{ instrument.Asynchronous }
+	o := obsrv{}
+
+	_, err := meter.RegisterCallback(
+		func(context.Context, metric.Observer) error { return nil },
+		o,
+	)
+	assert.ErrorContains(
+		t,
+		err,
+		"invalid observable: from different implementation",
+		"External instrument registred",
+	)
+}
+
+func TestMeterMixingOnRegisterErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	rdr := NewManualReader()
+	mp := NewMeterProvider(WithReader(rdr))
+
+	m1 := mp.Meter("scope1")
+	m2 := mp.Meter("scope2")
+	iCtr, err := m2.Int64ObservableCounter("int64 ctr")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	fCtr, err := m2.Float64ObservableCounter("float64 ctr")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = m1.RegisterCallback(
+		func(context.Context, metric.Observer) error { return nil },
+		iCtr, fCtr,
+	)
+	assert.ErrorContains(
+		t,
+		err,
+		`invalid registration: observable "int64 ctr" from Meter "scope2", registered with Meter "scope1"`,
+		"Instrument registred with non-creation Meter",
+	)
+	assert.ErrorContains(
+		t,
+		err,
+		`invalid registration: observable "float64 ctr" from Meter "scope2", registered with Meter "scope1"`,
+		"Instrument registred with non-creation Meter",
+	)
+}
+
+func TestCallbackObserverNonRegistered(t *testing.T) {
+	rdr := NewManualReader()
+	mp := NewMeterProvider(WithReader(rdr))
+
+	m1 := mp.Meter("scope1")
+	valid, err := m1.Int64ObservableCounter("ctr")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	m2 := mp.Meter("scope2")
+	iCtr, err := m2.Int64ObservableCounter("int64 ctr")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	fCtr, err := m2.Float64ObservableCounter("float64 ctr")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Panics if Observe is called.
+	type int64Obsrv struct{ instrument.Int64Observer }
+	int64Foreign := int64Obsrv{}
+	type float64Obsrv struct{ instrument.Float64Observer }
+	float64Foreign := float64Obsrv{}
+
+	_, err = m1.RegisterCallback(
+		func(_ context.Context, o metric.Observer) error {
+			o.ObserveInt64(valid, 1)
+			o.ObserveInt64(iCtr, 1)
+			o.ObserveFloat64(fCtr, 1)
+			o.ObserveInt64(int64Foreign, 1)
+			o.ObserveFloat64(float64Foreign, 1)
+			return nil
+		},
+		valid,
+	)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var got metricdata.ResourceMetrics
+	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
+		got, err = rdr.Collect(context.Background())
+	})
+
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	want := metricdata.ResourceMetrics{
+		Resource: resource.Default(),
+		ScopeMetrics: []metricdata.ScopeMetrics{
+			{
+				Scope: instrumentation.Scope{
+					Name: "scope1",
+				},
+				Metrics: []metricdata.Metrics{
+					{
+						Name: "ctr",
+						Data: metricdata.Sum[int64]{
+							Temporality: metricdata.CumulativeTemporality,
+							IsMonotonic: true,
+							DataPoints: []metricdata.DataPoint[int64]{
+								{
+									Value: 1,
+								},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	metricdatatest.AssertEqual(t, want, got, metricdatatest.IgnoreTimestamp())
+}
+
+type logSink struct {
+	logr.LogSink
+
+	messages []string
+}
+
+func newLogSink(t *testing.T) *logSink {
+	return &logSink{LogSink: testr.New(t).GetSink()}
+}
+
+func (l *logSink) Info(level int, msg string, keysAndValues ...interface{}) {
+	l.messages = append(l.messages, msg)
+	l.LogSink.Info(level, msg, keysAndValues...)
+}
+
+func (l *logSink) Error(err error, msg string, keysAndValues ...interface{}) {
+	l.messages = append(l.messages, fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", err, msg))
+	l.LogSink.Error(err, msg, keysAndValues...)
+}
+
+func (l *logSink) String() string {
+	out := make([]string, len(l.messages))
+	for i := range l.messages {
+		out[i] = "\t-" + l.messages[i]
+	}
+	return strings.Join(out, "\n")
+}
+
+func TestGlobalInstRegisterCallback(t *testing.T) {
+	l := newLogSink(t)
+	otel.SetLogger(logr.New(l))
+
+	const mtrName = "TestGlobalInstRegisterCallback"
+	preMtr := global.Meter(mtrName)
+	preInt64Ctr, err := preMtr.Int64ObservableCounter("pre.int64.counter")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	preFloat64Ctr, err := preMtr.Float64ObservableCounter("pre.float64.counter")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	rdr := NewManualReader()
+	mp := NewMeterProvider(WithReader(rdr), WithResource(resource.Empty()))
+	global.SetMeterProvider(mp)
+
+	postMtr := global.Meter(mtrName)
+	postInt64Ctr, err := postMtr.Int64ObservableCounter("post.int64.counter")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	postFloat64Ctr, err := postMtr.Float64ObservableCounter("post.float64.counter")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	cb := func(_ context.Context, o metric.Observer) error {
+		o.ObserveInt64(preInt64Ctr, 1)
+		o.ObserveFloat64(preFloat64Ctr, 2)
+		o.ObserveInt64(postInt64Ctr, 3)
+		o.ObserveFloat64(postFloat64Ctr, 4)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	_, err = preMtr.RegisterCallback(cb, preInt64Ctr, preFloat64Ctr, postInt64Ctr, postFloat64Ctr)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, err = preMtr.RegisterCallback(cb, preInt64Ctr, preFloat64Ctr, postInt64Ctr, postFloat64Ctr)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	got, err := rdr.Collect(context.Background())
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Lenf(t, l.messages, 0, "Warnings and errors logged:\n%s", l)
+	metricdatatest.AssertEqual(t, metricdata.ResourceMetrics{
+		ScopeMetrics: []metricdata.ScopeMetrics{
+			{
+				Scope: instrumentation.Scope{Name: "TestGlobalInstRegisterCallback"},
+				Metrics: []metricdata.Metrics{
+					{
+						Name: "pre.int64.counter",
+						Data: metricdata.Sum[int64]{
+							Temporality: metricdata.CumulativeTemporality,
+							IsMonotonic: true,
+							DataPoints:  []metricdata.DataPoint[int64]{{Value: 1}},
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Name: "pre.float64.counter",
+						Data: metricdata.Sum[float64]{
+							DataPoints:  []metricdata.DataPoint[float64]{{Value: 2}},
+							Temporality: metricdata.CumulativeTemporality,
+							IsMonotonic: true,
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Name: "post.int64.counter",
+						Data: metricdata.Sum[int64]{
+							Temporality: metricdata.CumulativeTemporality,
+							IsMonotonic: true,
+							DataPoints:  []metricdata.DataPoint[int64]{{Value: 3}},
+						},
+					},
+					{
+						Name: "post.float64.counter",
+						Data: metricdata.Sum[float64]{
+							DataPoints:  []metricdata.DataPoint[float64]{{Value: 4}},
+							Temporality: metricdata.CumulativeTemporality,
+							IsMonotonic: true,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}, got, metricdatatest.IgnoreTimestamp())
+}
+
 func TestMetersProvideScope(t *testing.T) {
 	rdr := NewManualReader()
 	mp := NewMeterProvider(WithReader(rdr))
@@ -503,8 +732,8 @@ func TestMetersProvideScope(t *testing.T) {
 	m1 := mp.Meter("scope1")
 	ctr1, err := m1.Float64ObservableCounter("ctr1")
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	_, err = m1.RegisterCallback(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		ctr1.Observe(ctx, 5)
+	_, err = m1.RegisterCallback(func(_ context.Context, o metric.Observer) error {
+		o.ObserveFloat64(ctr1, 5)
 		return nil
 	}, ctr1)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -512,8 +741,8 @@ func TestMetersProvideScope(t *testing.T) {
 	m2 := mp.Meter("scope2")
 	ctr2, err := m2.Int64ObservableCounter("ctr2")
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	_, err = m1.RegisterCallback(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		ctr2.Observe(ctx, 7)
+	_, err = m2.RegisterCallback(func(_ context.Context, o metric.Observer) error {
+		o.ObserveInt64(ctr2, 7)
 		return nil
 	}, ctr2)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -592,7 +821,7 @@ func TestUnregisterUnregisters(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var called bool
 	reg, err := m.RegisterCallback(
-		func(context.Context) error {
+		func(context.Context, metric.Observer) error {
 			called = true
 			return nil
 		},
@@ -646,7 +875,7 @@ func TestRegisterCallbackDropAggregations(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var called bool
 	_, err = m.RegisterCallback(
-		func(context.Context) error {
+		func(context.Context, metric.Observer) error {
 			called = true
 			return nil
 		},
@@ -686,10 +915,10 @@ func testAttributeFilter(temporality metricdata.Temporality) func(*testing.T) {
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
-				_, err = mtr.RegisterCallback(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 1.0, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 1))
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 2.0, attribute.String("foo", "bar"))
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 1.0, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 2))
+				_, err = mtr.RegisterCallback(func(_ context.Context, o metric.Observer) error {
+					o.ObserveFloat64(ctr, 1.0, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 1))
+					o.ObserveFloat64(ctr, 2.0, attribute.String("foo", "bar"))
+					o.ObserveFloat64(ctr, 1.0, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 2))
 					return nil
 				}, ctr)
 				return err
@@ -715,10 +944,10 @@ func testAttributeFilter(temporality metricdata.Temporality) func(*testing.T) {
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
-				_, err = mtr.RegisterCallback(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 1.0, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 1))
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 2.0, attribute.String("foo", "bar"))
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 1.0, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 2))
+				_, err = mtr.RegisterCallback(func(_ context.Context, o metric.Observer) error {
+					o.ObserveFloat64(ctr, 1.0, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 1))
+					o.ObserveFloat64(ctr, 2.0, attribute.String("foo", "bar"))
+					o.ObserveFloat64(ctr, 1.0, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 2))
 					return nil
 				}, ctr)
 				return err
@@ -744,9 +973,9 @@ func testAttributeFilter(temporality metricdata.Temporality) func(*testing.T) {
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
-				_, err = mtr.RegisterCallback(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 1.0, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 1))
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 2.0, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 2))
+				_, err = mtr.RegisterCallback(func(_ context.Context, o metric.Observer) error {
+					o.ObserveFloat64(ctr, 1.0, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 1))
+					o.ObserveFloat64(ctr, 2.0, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 2))
 					return nil
 				}, ctr)
 				return err
@@ -770,10 +999,10 @@ func testAttributeFilter(temporality metricdata.Temporality) func(*testing.T) {
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
-				_, err = mtr.RegisterCallback(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 10, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 1))
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 20, attribute.String("foo", "bar"))
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 10, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 2))
+				_, err = mtr.RegisterCallback(func(_ context.Context, o metric.Observer) error {
+					o.ObserveInt64(ctr, 10, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 1))
+					o.ObserveInt64(ctr, 20, attribute.String("foo", "bar"))
+					o.ObserveInt64(ctr, 10, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 2))
 					return nil
 				}, ctr)
 				return err
@@ -799,10 +1028,10 @@ func testAttributeFilter(temporality metricdata.Temporality) func(*testing.T) {
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
-				_, err = mtr.RegisterCallback(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 10, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 1))
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 20, attribute.String("foo", "bar"))
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 10, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 2))
+				_, err = mtr.RegisterCallback(func(_ context.Context, o metric.Observer) error {
+					o.ObserveInt64(ctr, 10, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 1))
+					o.ObserveInt64(ctr, 20, attribute.String("foo", "bar"))
+					o.ObserveInt64(ctr, 10, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 2))
 					return nil
 				}, ctr)
 				return err
@@ -828,9 +1057,9 @@ func testAttributeFilter(temporality metricdata.Temporality) func(*testing.T) {
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
-				_, err = mtr.RegisterCallback(func(ctx context.Context) error {
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 10, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 1))
-					ctr.Observe(ctx, 20, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 2))
+				_, err = mtr.RegisterCallback(func(_ context.Context, o metric.Observer) error {
+					o.ObserveInt64(ctr, 10, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 1))
+					o.ObserveInt64(ctr, 20, attribute.String("foo", "bar"), attribute.Int("version", 2))
 					return nil
 				}, ctr)
 				return err
diff --git a/sdk/metric/pipeline.go b/sdk/metric/pipeline.go
index 32b9125340be..666e095c169e 100644
--- a/sdk/metric/pipeline.go
+++ b/sdk/metric/pipeline.go
@@ -104,9 +104,11 @@ func (p *pipeline) addCallback(cback func(context.Context) error) {
 	p.callbacks = append(p.callbacks, cback)
 }
 
+type multiCallback func(context.Context) error
+
 // addMultiCallback registers a multi-instrument callback to be run when
 // `produce()` is called.
-func (p *pipeline) addMultiCallback(c metric.Callback) (unregister func()) {
+func (p *pipeline) addMultiCallback(c multiCallback) (unregister func()) {
 	p.Lock()
 	defer p.Unlock()
 	e := p.multiCallbacks.PushBack(c)
@@ -146,7 +148,7 @@ func (p *pipeline) produce(ctx context.Context) (metricdata.ResourceMetrics, err
 	}
 	for e := p.multiCallbacks.Front(); e != nil; e = e.Next() {
 		// TODO make the callbacks parallel. ( #3034 )
-		f := e.Value.(metric.Callback)
+		f := e.Value.(multiCallback)
 		if err := f(ctx); err != nil {
 			errs.append(err)
 		}
@@ -475,7 +477,7 @@ func (p pipelines) registerCallback(cback func(context.Context) error) {
 	}
 }
 
-func (p pipelines) registerMultiCallback(c metric.Callback) metric.Registration {
+func (p pipelines) registerMultiCallback(c multiCallback) metric.Registration {
 	unregs := make([]func(), len(p))
 	for i, pipe := range p {
 		unregs[i] = pipe.addMultiCallback(c)
diff --git a/sdk/metric/pipeline_test.go b/sdk/metric/pipeline_test.go
index 7b9f89585dcc..3c5e19b8b7db 100644
--- a/sdk/metric/pipeline_test.go
+++ b/sdk/metric/pipeline_test.go
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func TestEmptyPipeline(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	require.NotPanics(t, func() {
-		pipe.addMultiCallback(emptyCallback)
+		pipe.addMultiCallback(func(context.Context) error { return nil })
 	})
 
 	output, err = pipe.produce(context.Background())
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func TestNewPipeline(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 
 	require.NotPanics(t, func() {
-		pipe.addMultiCallback(emptyCallback)
+		pipe.addMultiCallback(func(context.Context) error { return nil })
 	})
 
 	output, err = pipe.produce(context.Background())
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ func TestPipelineConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func() {
 			defer wg.Done()
-			pipe.addMultiCallback(emptyCallback)
+			pipe.addMultiCallback(func(context.Context) error { return nil })
 		}()
 	}
 	wg.Wait()