diff --git a/.chloggen/xray-exporter-dynamodb-translation-fix.yaml b/.chloggen/xray-exporter-dynamodb-translation-fix.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4c9631b73431
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.chloggen/xray-exporter-dynamodb-translation-fix.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# One of 'breaking', 'deprecation', 'new_component', 'enhancement', 'bug_fix'
+change_type: 'bug_fix'
+
+# The name of the component, or a single word describing the area of concern, (e.g. filelogreceiver)
+component: 'awsxrayexporter'
+
+# A brief description of the change.  Surround your text with quotes ("") if it needs to start with a backtick (`).
+note: "Fixed DynamoDB table name from being set as an empty string when reading from attributes"
+
+# One or more tracking issues related to the change
+issues: [19204]
+
+# (Optional) One or more lines of additional information to render under the primary note.
+# These lines will be padded with 2 spaces and then inserted directly into the document.
+# Use pipe (|) for multiline entries.
+subtext:
diff --git a/exporter/awsxrayexporter/internal/translator/aws.go b/exporter/awsxrayexporter/internal/translator/aws.go
index 4946805f3765..6fd38dfc356f 100644
--- a/exporter/awsxrayexporter/internal/translator/aws.go
+++ b/exporter/awsxrayexporter/internal/translator/aws.go
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ func makeAws(attributes map[string]pcommon.Value, resource pcommon.Resource, log
 		requestID    string
 		queueURL     string
 		tableName    string
+		tableNames   []string
 		sdk          string
 		sdkName      string
 		sdkLanguage  string
@@ -167,7 +168,15 @@ func makeAws(attributes map[string]pcommon.Value, resource pcommon.Resource, log
 		queueURL = value.Str()
 	}
 	if value, ok := attributes[conventions.AttributeAWSDynamoDBTableNames]; ok {
-		tableName = value.Str()
+		if value.Slice().Len() == 1 {
+			tableName = value.Slice().At(0).Str()
+		} else if value.Slice().Len() > 1 {
+			tableName = ""
+			tableNames = []string{}
+			for i := 0; i < value.Slice().Len(); i++ {
+				tableNames = append(tableNames, value.Slice().At(i).Str())
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	// EC2 - add ec2 metadata to xray request if
@@ -264,6 +273,7 @@ func makeAws(attributes map[string]pcommon.Value, resource pcommon.Resource, log
 		RequestID:    awsxray.String(requestID),
 		QueueURL:     awsxray.String(queueURL),
 		TableName:    awsxray.String(tableName),
+		TableNames:   tableNames,
 	}
 	return filtered, awsData
 }
diff --git a/exporter/awsxrayexporter/internal/translator/aws_test.go b/exporter/awsxrayexporter/internal/translator/aws_test.go
index 34f3d2e46c46..26555d83baed 100644
--- a/exporter/awsxrayexporter/internal/translator/aws_test.go
+++ b/exporter/awsxrayexporter/internal/translator/aws_test.go
@@ -305,7 +305,8 @@ func TestAwsWithDynamoDbAlternateAttribute(t *testing.T) {
 func TestAwsWithDynamoDbSemConvAttributes(t *testing.T) {
 	tableName := "MyTable"
 	attributes := make(map[string]pcommon.Value)
-	attributes[conventions.AttributeAWSDynamoDBTableNames] = pcommon.NewValueStr(tableName)
+	attributes[conventions.AttributeAWSDynamoDBTableNames] = pcommon.NewValueSlice()
+	attributes[conventions.AttributeAWSDynamoDBTableNames].Slice().AppendEmpty().SetStr(tableName)
 
 	filtered, awsData := makeAws(attributes, pcommon.NewResource(), nil)
 
diff --git a/exporter/awsxrayexporter/internal/translator/segment_test.go b/exporter/awsxrayexporter/internal/translator/segment_test.go
index 4afd7586c92f..178d456a3126 100644
--- a/exporter/awsxrayexporter/internal/translator/segment_test.go
+++ b/exporter/awsxrayexporter/internal/translator/segment_test.go
@@ -830,6 +830,38 @@ func TestFilteredAttributesMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 	}, segment.Metadata["default"]["map_value"])
 }
 
+func TestSpanWithSingleDynamoDBTableHasTableName(t *testing.T) {
+	spanName := "/api/locations"
+	parentSpanID := newSegmentID()
+	attributes := make(map[string]interface{})
+	attributes[conventions.AttributeAWSDynamoDBTableNames] = []string{"table1"}
+	resource := constructDefaultResource()
+	span := constructServerSpan(parentSpanID, spanName, ptrace.StatusCodeError, "OK", attributes)
+
+	segment, _ := MakeSegment(span, resource, nil, false, nil)
+
+	assert.NotNil(t, segment)
+	assert.Equal(t, "table1", *segment.AWS.TableName)
+	assert.Nil(t, segment.AWS.TableNames)
+	assert.Equal(t, []interface{}{"table1"}, segment.Metadata["default"][conventions.AttributeAWSDynamoDBTableNames])
+}
+
+func TestSpanWithMultipleDynamoDBTablesHasTableNames(t *testing.T) {
+	spanName := "/api/locations"
+	parentSpanID := newSegmentID()
+	attributes := make(map[string]interface{})
+	attributes[conventions.AttributeAWSDynamoDBTableNames] = []string{"table1", "table2"}
+	resource := constructDefaultResource()
+	span := constructServerSpan(parentSpanID, spanName, ptrace.StatusCodeError, "OK", attributes)
+
+	segment, _ := MakeSegment(span, resource, nil, false, nil)
+
+	assert.NotNil(t, segment)
+	assert.Nil(t, segment.AWS.TableName)
+	assert.Equal(t, []string{"table1", "table2"}, segment.AWS.TableNames)
+	assert.Equal(t, []interface{}{"table1", "table2"}, segment.Metadata["default"][conventions.AttributeAWSDynamoDBTableNames])
+}
+
 func TestSegmentWithLogGroupsFromConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	spanName := "/api/locations"
 	parentSpanID := newSegmentID()
diff --git a/internal/aws/xray/tracesegment.go b/internal/aws/xray/tracesegment.go
index ebfd8c8c6865..fc98ce3c5ce1 100644
--- a/internal/aws/xray/tracesegment.go
+++ b/internal/aws/xray/tracesegment.go
@@ -111,13 +111,14 @@ type AWSData struct {
 	XRay      *XRayMetaData      `json:"xray,omitempty"`
 
 	// For both segment and subsegments
-	AccountID    *string `json:"account_id,omitempty"`
-	Operation    *string `json:"operation,omitempty"`
-	RemoteRegion *string `json:"region,omitempty"`
-	RequestID    *string `json:"request_id,omitempty"`
-	QueueURL     *string `json:"queue_url,omitempty"`
-	TableName    *string `json:"table_name,omitempty"`
-	Retries      *int64  `json:"retries,omitempty"`
+	AccountID    *string  `json:"account_id,omitempty"`
+	Operation    *string  `json:"operation,omitempty"`
+	RemoteRegion *string  `json:"region,omitempty"`
+	RequestID    *string  `json:"request_id,omitempty"`
+	QueueURL     *string  `json:"queue_url,omitempty"`
+	TableName    *string  `json:"table_name,omitempty"`
+	TableNames   []string `json:"table_names,omitempty"`
+	Retries      *int64   `json:"retries,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // EC2Metadata represents the EC2 metadata field