doc: add new useful V8 option

Add the `--max_semi_space_size` flag into useful V8 option.

Fixes: nodejs/node#42511

PR-URL: nodejs/node#42575
Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <[email protected]>
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <[email protected]>
Reviewed-By: Michael Dawson <[email protected]>

doc/api/cli.md

@@ -2013,6 +2013,32 @@ On a machine with 2 GiB of memory, consider setting this to
 $ node --max-old-space-size=1536 index.js
 ```
 
+### `--max-semi-space-size=SIZE` (in megabytes)
+
+Sets the maximum [semi-space][] size for V8's [scavenge garbage collector][] in
+MiB (megabytes).
+Increasing the max size of a semi-space may improve throughput for Node.js at
+the cost of more memory consumption.
+
+Since the young generation size of the V8 heap is three times (see
+[`YoungGenerationSizeFromSemiSpaceSize`][] in V8) the size of the semi-space,
+an increase of 1 MiB to semi-space applies to each of the three individual
+semi-spaces and causes the heap size to increase by 3 MiB. The throughput
+improvement depends on your workload (see [#42511][]).
+
+The default value is 16 MiB for 64-bit systems and 8 MiB for 32-bit systems. To
+get the best configuration for your application, you should try different
+max-semi-space-size values when running benchmarks for your application.
+
+For example, benchmark on a 64-bit systems:
+
+```bash
+for MiB in 16 32 64 128; do
+    node --max-semi-space-size=$MiB index.js
+done
+```
+
+[#42511]: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/42511
 [Chrome DevTools Protocol]: https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/
 [CommonJS]: modules.md
 [ECMAScript module loader]: esm.md#loaders
@@ -2038,6 +2064,7 @@ $ node --max-old-space-size=1536 index.js
 [`NODE_OPTIONS`]: #node_optionsoptions
 [`NO_COLOR`]: https://no-color.org
 [`SlowBuffer`]: buffer.md#class-slowbuffer
+[`YoungGenerationSizeFromSemiSpaceSize`]: https://chromium.googlesource.com/v8/v8.git/+/refs/tags/10.3.129/src/heap/heap.cc#328
 [`dns.lookup()`]: dns.md#dnslookuphostname-options-callback
 [`dns.setDefaultResultOrder()`]: dns.md#dnssetdefaultresultorderorder
 [`dnsPromises.lookup()`]: dns.md#dnspromiseslookuphostname-options
@@ -2057,6 +2084,8 @@ $ node --max-old-space-size=1536 index.js
 [libuv threadpool documentation]: https://docs.libuv.org/en/latest/threadpool.html
 [remote code execution]: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Code_Injection
 [running tests from the command line]: test.md#running-tests-from-the-command-line
+[scavenge garbage collector]: https://v8.dev/blog/orinoco-parallel-scavenger
 [security warning]: #warning-binding-inspector-to-a-public-ipport-combination-is-insecure
+[semi-space]: https://www.memorymanagement.org/glossary/s.html#semi.space
 [timezone IDs]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones
 [ways that `TZ` is handled in other environments]: https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/TZ-Variable.html