diff --git a/doc/api/cli.md b/doc/api/cli.md
index 712a0b57cbf451..38afe0d3f6f924 100644
--- a/doc/api/cli.md
+++ b/doc/api/cli.md
@@ -940,39 +940,6 @@ files with no extension will be treated as WebAssembly if they begin with the
 WebAssembly magic number (`\0asm`); otherwise they will be treated as ES module
 JavaScript.
 
-### `--experimental-detect-module`
-
-<!-- YAML
-added:
-  - v21.1.0
-  - v20.10.0
--->
-
-> Stability: 1.1 - Active development
-
-Node.js will inspect the source code of ambiguous input to determine whether it
-contains ES module syntax; if such syntax is detected, the input will be treated
-as an ES module.
-
-Ambiguous input is defined as:
-
-* Files with a `.js` extension or no extension; and either no controlling
-  `package.json` file or one that lacks a `type` field; and
-  `--experimental-default-type` is not specified.
-* String input (`--eval` or STDIN) when neither `--input-type` nor
-  `--experimental-default-type` are specified.
-
-ES module syntax is defined as syntax that would throw when evaluated as
-CommonJS. This includes the following:
-
-* `import` statements (but _not_ `import()` expressions, which are valid in
-  CommonJS).
-* `export` statements.
-* `import.meta` references.
-* `await` at the top level of a module.
-* Lexical redeclarations of the CommonJS wrapper variables (`require`, `module`,
-  `exports`, `__dirname`, `__filename`).
-
 ### `--experimental-eventsource`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -1624,6 +1591,21 @@ added: v0.8.0
 
 Silence deprecation warnings.
 
+### `--no-experimental-detect-module`
+
+<!-- YAML
+added:
+  - v21.1.0
+  - v20.10.0
+changes:
+  - version:
+    - REPLACEME
+    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/53619
+    description: Syntax detection is enabled by default.
+-->
+
+Disable using [syntax detection][] to determine module type.
+
 ### `--no-experimental-global-navigator`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -3495,6 +3477,7 @@ node --stack-trace-limit=12 -p -e "Error.stackTraceLimit" # prints 12
 [semi-space]: https://www.memorymanagement.org/glossary/s.html#semi.space
 [single executable application]: single-executable-applications.md
 [snapshot testing]: test.md#snapshot-testing
+[syntax detection]: packages.md#syntax-detection
 [test reporters]: test.md#test-reporters
 [timezone IDs]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones
 [tracking issue for user-land snapshots]: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/44014
diff --git a/doc/api/esm.md b/doc/api/esm.md
index da5f6bf5a09044..26e1ab1bad813e 100644
--- a/doc/api/esm.md
+++ b/doc/api/esm.md
@@ -1082,8 +1082,7 @@ _isImports_, _conditions_)
 > 10. If _url_ ends in _".js"_, then
 >     1. If _packageType_ is not **null**, then
 >        1. Return _packageType_.
->     2. If `--experimental-detect-module` is enabled and the result of
->        **DETECT\_MODULE\_SYNTAX**(_source_) is true, then
+>     2. If the result of **DETECT\_MODULE\_SYNTAX**(_source_) is true, then
 >        1. Return _"module"_.
 >     3. Return _"commonjs"_.
 > 11. If _url_ does not have any extension, then
@@ -1093,8 +1092,7 @@ _isImports_, _conditions_)
 >        1. Return _"wasm"_.
 >     2. If _packageType_ is not **null**, then
 >        1. Return _packageType_.
->     3. If `--experimental-detect-module` is enabled and the source of
->        module contains static import or export syntax, then
+>     3. If the result of **DETECT\_MODULE\_SYNTAX**(_source_) is true, then
 >        1. Return _"module"_.
 >     4. Return _"commonjs"_.
 > 12. Return **undefined** (will throw during load phase).
diff --git a/doc/api/modules.md b/doc/api/modules.md
index 23c4e92f50ad5c..b64cbd0e261b84 100644
--- a/doc/api/modules.md
+++ b/doc/api/modules.md
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ loaded by `require()` meets the following requirements:
   1. The file has a `.mjs` extension.
   2. The file has a `.js` extension, and the closest `package.json` contains `"type": "module"`
   3. The file has a `.js` extension, the closest `package.json` does not contain
-     `"type": "commonjs"`, and `--experimental-detect-module` is enabled.
+     `"type": "commonjs"`, and the module contains ES module syntax.
 
 `require()` will load the requested module as an ES Module, and return
 the module namespace object. In this case it is similar to dynamic
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ require(X) from module at path Y
 
 MAYBE_DETECT_AND_LOAD(X)
 1. If X parses as a CommonJS module, load X as a CommonJS module. STOP.
-2. Else, if `--experimental-require-module` and `--experimental-detect-module` are
+2. Else, if `--experimental-require-module` is
   enabled, and the source code of X can be parsed as ECMAScript module using
   <a href="esm.md#resolver-algorithm-specification">DETECT_MODULE_SYNTAX defined in
   the ESM resolver</a>,
diff --git a/doc/api/packages.md b/doc/api/packages.md
index fb393eb823b7bf..4316420620a224 100644
--- a/doc/api/packages.md
+++ b/doc/api/packages.md
@@ -69,14 +69,14 @@ expressions:
 * Strings passed in as an argument to `--eval`, or piped to `node` via `STDIN`,
   with the flag `--input-type=module`.
 
-* When using [`--experimental-detect-module`][], code containing syntax only
-  successfully parsed as [ES modules][], such as `import` or `export`
-  statements or `import.meta`, having no explicit marker of how it should be
-  interpreted. Explicit markers are `.mjs` or `.cjs` extensions, `package.json`
-  `"type"` fields with either `"module"` or `"commonjs"` values, or
-  `--input-type` or `--experimental-default-type` flags. Dynamic `import()`
-  expressions are supported in either CommonJS or ES modules and would not
-  cause a file to be treated as an ES module.
+* Code containing syntax only successfully parsed as [ES modules][], such as
+  `import` or `export` statements or `import.meta`, with no explicit marker of
+  how it should be interpreted. Explicit markers are `.mjs` or `.cjs`
+  extensions, `package.json` `"type"` fields with either `"module"` or
+  `"commonjs"` values, or `--input-type` or `--experimental-default-type` flags.
+  Dynamic `import()` expressions are supported in either CommonJS or ES modules
+  and would not force a file to be treated as an ES module. See
+  [Syntax detection][].
 
 Node.js will treat the following as [CommonJS][] when passed to `node` as the
 initial input, or when referenced by `import` statements or `import()`
@@ -115,6 +115,44 @@ package in case the default type of Node.js ever changes, and it will also make
 things easier for build tools and loaders to determine how the files in the
 package should be interpreted.
 
+### Syntax detection
+
+<!-- YAML
+added:
+  - v21.1.0
+  - v20.10.0
+changes:
+  - version:
+    - REPLACEME
+    pr-url: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/53619
+    description: Syntax detection is enabled by default.
+-->
+
+> Stability: 1.2 - Release candidate
+
+Node.js will inspect the source code of ambiguous input to determine whether it
+contains ES module syntax; if such syntax is detected, the input will be treated
+as an ES module.
+
+Ambiguous input is defined as:
+
+* Files with a `.js` extension or no extension; and either no controlling
+  `package.json` file or one that lacks a `type` field; and
+  `--experimental-default-type` is not specified.
+* String input (`--eval` or STDIN) when neither `--input-type` nor
+  `--experimental-default-type` are specified.
+
+ES module syntax is defined as syntax that would throw when evaluated as
+CommonJS. This includes the following:
+
+* `import` statements (but _not_ `import()` expressions, which are valid in
+  CommonJS).
+* `export` statements.
+* `import.meta` references.
+* `await` at the top level of a module.
+* Lexical redeclarations of the CommonJS wrapper variables (`require`, `module`,
+  `exports`, `__dirname`, `__filename`).
+
 ### Modules loaders
 
 Node.js has two systems for resolving a specifier and loading modules.
@@ -1355,6 +1393,7 @@ This field defines [subpath imports][] for the current package.
 [ES modules]: esm.md
 [Node.js documentation for this section]: https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/HEAD/doc/api/packages.md#conditions-definitions
 [Runtime Keys]: https://runtime-keys.proposal.wintercg.org/
+[Syntax detection]: #syntax-detection
 [WinterCG]: https://wintercg.org/
 [`"exports"`]: #exports
 [`"imports"`]: #imports
@@ -1364,7 +1403,6 @@ This field defines [subpath imports][] for the current package.
 [`"type"`]: #type
 [`--conditions` / `-C` flag]: #resolving-user-conditions
 [`--experimental-default-type`]: cli.md#--experimental-default-typetype
-[`--experimental-detect-module`]: cli.md#--experimental-detect-module
 [`--no-addons` flag]: cli.md#--no-addons
 [`ERR_PACKAGE_PATH_NOT_EXPORTED`]: errors.md#err_package_path_not_exported
 [`esm`]: https://github.com/standard-things/esm#readme
diff --git a/lib/internal/main/check_syntax.js b/lib/internal/main/check_syntax.js
index aa14dca8999e89..aa521dea92e314 100644
--- a/lib/internal/main/check_syntax.js
+++ b/lib/internal/main/check_syntax.js
@@ -57,23 +57,23 @@ function loadESMIfNeeded(cb) {
 }
 
 async function checkSyntax(source, filename) {
-  let isModule = true;
+  let format;
   if (filename === '[stdin]' || filename === '[eval]') {
-    isModule = getOptionValue('--input-type') === 'module' ||
-      (getOptionValue('--experimental-default-type') === 'module' && getOptionValue('--input-type') !== 'commonjs');
+    format = (getOptionValue('--input-type') === 'module' ||
+      (getOptionValue('--experimental-default-type') === 'module' && getOptionValue('--input-type') !== 'commonjs')) ?
+      'module' : 'commonjs';
   } else {
     const { defaultResolve } = require('internal/modules/esm/resolve');
     const { defaultGetFormat } = require('internal/modules/esm/get_format');
     const { url } = await defaultResolve(pathToFileURL(filename).toString());
-    const format = await defaultGetFormat(new URL(url));
-    isModule = format === 'module';
+    format = await defaultGetFormat(new URL(url));
   }
 
-  if (isModule) {
+  if (format === 'module') {
     const { ModuleWrap } = internalBinding('module_wrap');
     new ModuleWrap(filename, undefined, source, 0, 0);
     return;
   }
 
-  wrapSafe(filename, source, undefined, 'commonjs');
+  wrapSafe(filename, source, undefined, format);
 }
diff --git a/lib/internal/modules/run_main.js b/lib/internal/modules/run_main.js
index 6c5601ed458b89..1d696da0982c9b 100644
--- a/lib/internal/modules/run_main.js
+++ b/lib/internal/modules/run_main.js
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ function runEntryPointWithESMLoader(callback) {
  * by `require('module')`) even when the entry point is ESM.
  * This monkey-patchable code is bypassed under `--experimental-default-type=module`.
  * Because of backwards compatibility, this function is exposed publicly via `import { runMain } from 'node:module'`.
- * When `--experimental-detect-module` is passed, this function will attempt to run ambiguous (no explicit extension, no
+ * Because of module detection, this function will attempt to run ambiguous (no explicit extension, no
  * `package.json` type field) entry points as CommonJS first; under certain conditions, it will retry running as ESM.
  * @param {string} main - First positional CLI argument, such as `'entry.js'` from `node entry.js`
  */
diff --git a/src/node_options.cc b/src/node_options.cc
index 607c205cb90697..b38b60fa84aead 100644
--- a/src/node_options.cc
+++ b/src/node_options.cc
@@ -356,7 +356,8 @@ EnvironmentOptionsParser::EnvironmentOptionsParser() {
             "when ambiguous modules fail to evaluate because they contain "
             "ES module syntax, try again to evaluate them as ES modules",
             &EnvironmentOptions::detect_module,
-            kAllowedInEnvvar);
+            kAllowedInEnvvar,
+            true);
   AddOption("--experimental-print-required-tla",
             "Print pending top-level await. If --experimental-require-module "
             "is true, evaluate asynchronous graphs loaded by `require()` but "
diff --git a/src/node_options.h b/src/node_options.h
index a6ef077933fa82..50a38a66adc2a6 100644
--- a/src/node_options.h
+++ b/src/node_options.h
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class EnvironmentOptions : public Options {
  public:
   bool abort_on_uncaught_exception = false;
   std::vector<std::string> conditions;
-  bool detect_module = false;
+  bool detect_module = true;
   bool print_required_tla = false;
   bool require_module = false;
   std::string dns_result_order;
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-esm-cjs-exports.js b/test/es-module/test-esm-cjs-exports.js
index b06e1ca764ccf0..046d06af1f1851 100644
--- a/test/es-module/test-esm-cjs-exports.js
+++ b/test/es-module/test-esm-cjs-exports.js
@@ -21,9 +21,8 @@ describe('ESM: importing CJS', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALLEL }, () =
     const invalidEntry = fixtures.path('/es-modules/cjs-exports-invalid.mjs');
     const { code, signal, stderr } = await spawnPromisified(execPath, [invalidEntry]);
 
+    assert.match(stderr, /SyntaxError: The requested module '\.\/invalid-cjs\.js' does not provide an export named 'default'/);
     assert.strictEqual(code, 1);
     assert.strictEqual(signal, null);
-    assert.ok(stderr.includes('Warning: To load an ES module'));
-    assert.ok(stderr.includes('Unexpected token \'export\''));
   });
 });
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-esm-detect-ambiguous.mjs b/test/es-module/test-esm-detect-ambiguous.mjs
index a58872e661c4f7..eb061473de66a6 100644
--- a/test/es-module/test-esm-detect-ambiguous.mjs
+++ b/test/es-module/test-esm-detect-ambiguous.mjs
@@ -4,11 +4,10 @@ import { spawn } from 'node:child_process';
 import { describe, it } from 'node:test';
 import { strictEqual, match } from 'node:assert';
 
-describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALLEL }, () => {
+describe('Module syntax detection', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALLEL }, () => {
   describe('string input', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALLEL }, () => {
     it('permits ESM syntax in --eval input without requiring --input-type=module', async () => {
       const { stdout, stderr, code, signal } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-        '--experimental-detect-module',
         '--eval',
         'import { version } from "node:process"; console.log(version);',
       ]);
@@ -22,9 +21,7 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
     // ESM is unsupported for --print via --input-type=module
 
     it('permits ESM syntax in STDIN input without requiring --input-type=module', async () => {
-      const child = spawn(process.execPath, [
-        '--experimental-detect-module',
-      ]);
+      const child = spawn(process.execPath, []);
       child.stdin.end('console.log(typeof import.meta.resolve)');
 
       match((await child.stdout.toArray()).toString(), /^function\r?\n$/);
@@ -32,7 +29,6 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
 
     it('should be overridden by --input-type', async () => {
       const { code, signal, stdout, stderr } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-        '--experimental-detect-module',
         '--input-type=commonjs',
         '--eval',
         'import.meta.url',
@@ -46,7 +42,6 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
 
     it('should not switch to module if code is parsable as script', async () => {
       const { code, signal, stdout, stderr } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-        '--experimental-detect-module',
         '--eval',
         'let __filename,__dirname,require,module,exports;this.a',
       ]);
@@ -59,7 +54,6 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
 
     it('should be overridden by --experimental-default-type', async () => {
       const { code, signal, stdout, stderr } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-        '--experimental-detect-module',
         '--experimental-default-type=commonjs',
         '--eval',
         'import.meta.url',
@@ -73,7 +67,6 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
 
     it('does not trigger detection via source code `eval()`', async () => {
       const { code, signal, stdout, stderr } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-        '--experimental-detect-module',
         '--eval',
         'eval("import \'nonexistent\';");',
       ]);
@@ -115,7 +108,6 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
       it(testName, async () => {
         const { stdout, stderr, code, signal } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
           '--no-warnings',
-          '--experimental-detect-module',
           entryPath,
         ]);
 
@@ -157,7 +149,6 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
       it(testName, async () => {
         const { stdout, stderr, code, signal } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
           '--no-warnings',
-          '--experimental-detect-module',
           entryPath,
         ]);
 
@@ -171,7 +162,6 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
     it('should not hint wrong format in resolve hook', async () => {
       let writeSync;
       const { stdout, stderr, code, signal } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-        '--experimental-detect-module',
         '--no-warnings',
         '--loader',
         `data:text/javascript,import { writeSync } from "node:fs"; export ${encodeURIComponent(
@@ -209,7 +199,6 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
     ]) {
       it(testName, async () => {
         const { stdout, stderr, code, signal } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-          '--experimental-detect-module',
           entryPath,
         ]);
 
@@ -238,7 +227,6 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
     ]) {
       it(testName, async () => {
         const { stdout, stderr, code, signal } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-          '--experimental-detect-module',
           entryPath,
         ]);
 
@@ -254,7 +242,6 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
   describe('syntax that errors in CommonJS but works in ESM', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALLEL }, () => {
     it('permits top-level `await`', async () => {
       const { stdout, stderr, code, signal } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-        '--experimental-detect-module',
         '--eval',
         'await Promise.resolve(); console.log("executed");',
       ]);
@@ -267,7 +254,6 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
 
     it('permits top-level `await` above import/export syntax', async () => {
       const { stdout, stderr, code, signal } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-        '--experimental-detect-module',
         '--eval',
         'await Promise.resolve(); import "node:os"; console.log("executed");',
       ]);
@@ -280,7 +266,6 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
 
     it('still throws on `await` in an ordinary sync function', async () => {
       const { stdout, stderr, code, signal } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-        '--experimental-detect-module',
         '--eval',
         'function fn() { await Promise.resolve(); } fn();',
       ]);
@@ -293,7 +278,6 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
 
     it('throws on undefined `require` when top-level `await` triggers ESM parsing', async () => {
       const { stdout, stderr, code, signal } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-        '--experimental-detect-module',
         '--eval',
         'const fs = require("node:fs"); await Promise.resolve();',
       ]);
@@ -307,7 +291,6 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
     it('permits declaration of CommonJS module variables', async () => {
       const { stdout, stderr, code, signal } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
         '--no-warnings',
-        '--experimental-detect-module',
         fixtures.path('es-modules/package-without-type/commonjs-wrapper-variables.js'),
       ]);
 
@@ -319,7 +302,6 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
 
     it('permits declaration of CommonJS module variables above import/export', async () => {
       const { stdout, stderr, code, signal } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-        '--experimental-detect-module',
         '--eval',
         'const module = 3; import "node:os"; console.log("executed");',
       ]);
@@ -332,7 +314,6 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
 
     it('still throws on double `const` declaration not at the top level', async () => {
       const { stdout, stderr, code, signal } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-        '--experimental-detect-module',
         '--eval',
         'function fn() { const require = 1; const require = 2; } fn();',
       ]);
@@ -361,7 +342,6 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
     ]) {
       it(testName, async () => {
         const { stdout, stderr, code, signal } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-          '--experimental-detect-module',
           entryPath,
         ]);
 
@@ -374,7 +354,6 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
 
     it('warns only once for a package.json that affects multiple files', async () => {
       const { stdout, stderr, code, signal } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-        '--experimental-detect-module',
         fixtures.path('es-modules/package-without-type/detected-as-esm.js'),
       ]);
 
@@ -384,6 +363,18 @@ describe('--experimental-detect-module', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALL
       strictEqual(code, 0);
       strictEqual(signal, null);
     });
+
+    it('can be disabled via --no-experimental-detect-module', async () => {
+      const { stdout, stderr, code, signal } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
+        '--no-experimental-detect-module',
+        fixtures.path('es-modules/package-without-type/module.js'),
+      ]);
+
+      match(stderr, /SyntaxError: Unexpected token 'export'/);
+      strictEqual(stdout, '');
+      strictEqual(code, 1);
+      strictEqual(signal, null);
+    });
   });
 });
 
@@ -410,7 +401,6 @@ describe('Wrapping a `require` of an ES module while using `--abort-on-uncaught-
 describe('when working with Worker threads', () => {
   it('should support sloppy scripts that declare CJS "global-like" variables', async () => {
     const { code, signal, stdout, stderr } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-      '--experimental-detect-module',
       '--eval',
       'new worker_threads.Worker("let __filename,__dirname,require,module,exports;this.a",{eval:true})',
     ]);
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-esm-extensionless-esm-and-wasm.mjs b/test/es-module/test-esm-extensionless-esm-and-wasm.mjs
index e36f5c7e141b65..a8931dfbabd154 100644
--- a/test/es-module/test-esm-extensionless-esm-and-wasm.mjs
+++ b/test/es-module/test-esm-extensionless-esm-and-wasm.mjs
@@ -60,26 +60,19 @@ describe('extensionless Wasm modules within a "type": "module" package scope', {
 });
 
 describe('extensionless ES modules within no package scope', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALLEL }, () => {
-  // This succeeds with `--experimental-default-type=module`
-  it('should error as the entry point', async () => {
+  it('should run as the entry point', async () => {
     const { code, signal, stdout, stderr } = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
       fixtures.path('es-modules/noext-esm'),
     ]);
 
-    match(stderr, /SyntaxError/);
-    strictEqual(stdout, '');
-    strictEqual(code, 1);
+    strictEqual(stdout, 'executed\n');
+    strictEqual(stderr, '');
+    strictEqual(code, 0);
     strictEqual(signal, null);
   });
 
-  // This succeeds with `--experimental-default-type=module`
-  it('should error on import', async () => {
-    try {
-      await import(fixtures.fileURL('es-modules/noext-esm'));
-      mustNotCall();
-    } catch (err) {
-      ok(err instanceof SyntaxError);
-    }
+  it('should run on import', async () => {
+    await import(fixtures.fileURL('es-modules/noext-esm'));
   });
 });
 
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-esm-import-flag.mjs b/test/es-module/test-esm-import-flag.mjs
index 8861133c9ee4b9..81de3b11a38609 100644
--- a/test/es-module/test-esm-import-flag.mjs
+++ b/test/es-module/test-esm-import-flag.mjs
@@ -146,9 +146,9 @@ describe('import modules using --import', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARAL
       ]
     );
 
-    assert.match(stderr, /SyntaxError: Unexpected token 'export'/);
+    assert.strictEqual(stderr, '');
     assert.match(stdout, /^\.mjs file\r?\n$/);
-    assert.strictEqual(code, 1);
+    assert.strictEqual(code, 0);
     assert.strictEqual(signal, null);
   });
 
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-esm-loader-hooks.mjs b/test/es-module/test-esm-loader-hooks.mjs
index c7536f93e51567..a36e726810431e 100644
--- a/test/es-module/test-esm-loader-hooks.mjs
+++ b/test/es-module/test-esm-loader-hooks.mjs
@@ -751,15 +751,15 @@ describe('Loader hooks', { concurrency: !process.env.TEST_PARALLEL }, () => {
       '--no-warnings',
       '--experimental-loader',
       `data:text/javascript,import{readFile}from"node:fs/promises";import{fileURLToPath}from"node:url";export ${
-        async function load(u, c, n) {
-          const r = await n(u, c);
-          if (u.endsWith('/common/index.js')) {
-            r.source = '"use strict";module.exports=require("node:module").createRequire(' +
-                     `${JSON.stringify(u)})(${JSON.stringify(fileURLToPath(u))});\n`;
-          } else if (c.format === 'commonjs') {
-            r.source = await readFile(new URL(u));
+        async function load(url, context, nextLoad) {
+          const result = await nextLoad(url, context);
+          if (url.endsWith('/common/index.js')) {
+            result.source = '"use strict";module.exports=require("node:module").createRequire(' +
+                     `${JSON.stringify(url)})(${JSON.stringify(fileURLToPath(url))});\n`;
+          } else if (url.startsWith('file:') && (context.format == null || context.format === 'commonjs')) {
+            result.source = await readFile(new URL(url));
           }
-          return r;
+          return result;
         }}`,
       '--experimental-loader',
       fixtures.fileURL('es-module-loaders/loader-resolve-passthru.mjs'),
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-esm-resolve-type.mjs b/test/es-module/test-esm-resolve-type.mjs
index d2642eda39062b..7ba1fcbf1437ce 100644
--- a/test/es-module/test-esm-resolve-type.mjs
+++ b/test/es-module/test-esm-resolve-type.mjs
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ try {
     [ '/es-modules/package-ends-node_modules/index.js', 'module' ],
     [ '/es-modules/package-type-module/index.js', 'module' ],
     [ '/es-modules/package-type-commonjs/index.js', 'commonjs' ],
-    [ '/es-modules/package-without-type/index.js', 'commonjs' ],
-    [ '/es-modules/package-without-pjson/index.js', 'commonjs' ],
+    [ '/es-modules/package-without-type/index.js', null ],
+    [ '/es-modules/package-without-pjson/index.js', null ],
   ].forEach(([ testScript, expectedType ]) => {
     const resolvedPath = path.resolve(fixtures.path(testScript));
     const resolveResult = resolve(url.pathToFileURL(resolvedPath));
@@ -55,11 +55,11 @@ try {
    *
    * for test-module-ne: everything .js that is not 'module' is 'commonjs'
    */
-  for (const [ moduleName, moduleExtenstion, moduleType, expectedResolvedType ] of
+  for (const [ moduleName, moduleExtension, moduleType, expectedResolvedType ] of
     [ [ 'test-module-mainjs', 'js', 'module', 'module'],
       [ 'test-module-mainmjs', 'mjs', 'module', 'module'],
       [ 'test-module-cjs', 'js', 'commonjs', 'commonjs'],
-      [ 'test-module-ne', 'js', undefined, 'commonjs'],
+      [ 'test-module-ne', 'js', undefined, null],
     ]) {
     process.chdir(previousCwd);
     tmpdir.refresh();
@@ -73,14 +73,14 @@ try {
     const mDir = rel(`node_modules/${moduleName}`);
     const subDir = rel(`node_modules/${moduleName}/subdir`);
     const pkg = rel(`node_modules/${moduleName}/package.json`);
-    const script = rel(`node_modules/${moduleName}/subdir/mainfile.${moduleExtenstion}`);
+    const script = rel(`node_modules/${moduleName}/subdir/mainfile.${moduleExtension}`);
 
     createDir(nmDir);
     createDir(mDir);
     createDir(subDir);
     const pkgJsonContent = {
       ...(moduleType !== undefined) && { type: moduleType },
-      main: `subdir/mainfile.${moduleExtenstion}`
+      main: `subdir/mainfile.${moduleExtension}`
     };
     fs.writeFileSync(pkg, JSON.stringify(pkgJsonContent));
     fs.writeFileSync(script,
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-require-module-detect-entry-point-aou.js b/test/es-module/test-require-module-detect-entry-point-aou.js
index e92d4d8273d708..128615761f10ea 100644
--- a/test/es-module/test-require-module-detect-entry-point-aou.js
+++ b/test/es-module/test-require-module-detect-entry-point-aou.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Flags: --experimental-require-module --experimental-detect-module --abort-on-uncaught-exception
+// Flags: --experimental-require-module --abort-on-uncaught-exception
 
 import { mustCall } from '../common/index.mjs';
 const fn = mustCall(() => {
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-require-module-detect-entry-point.js b/test/es-module/test-require-module-detect-entry-point.js
index d7b479383fbeb8..253fe06fdb7a3d 100644
--- a/test/es-module/test-require-module-detect-entry-point.js
+++ b/test/es-module/test-require-module-detect-entry-point.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Flags: --experimental-require-module --experimental-detect-module
+// Flags: --experimental-require-module
 
 import { mustCall } from '../common/index.mjs';
 const fn = mustCall(() => {
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-require-module-dont-detect-cjs.js b/test/es-module/test-require-module-dont-detect-cjs.js
index b4b5b7387d6663..99f49bc59d17c4 100644
--- a/test/es-module/test-require-module-dont-detect-cjs.js
+++ b/test/es-module/test-require-module-dont-detect-cjs.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Flags: --experimental-require-module --experimental-detect-module
+// Flags: --experimental-require-module
 'use strict';
 
 require('../common');
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-require-module-implicit.js b/test/es-module/test-require-module-implicit.js
index 2e3a5d94352dbb..e9483ba4da1192 100644
--- a/test/es-module/test-require-module-implicit.js
+++ b/test/es-module/test-require-module-implicit.js
@@ -6,18 +6,6 @@
 const common = require('../common');
 const assert = require('assert');
 
-assert.throws(() => {
-  require('../fixtures/es-modules/package-without-type/noext-esm');
-}, {
-  message: /Unexpected token 'export'/
-});
-
-assert.throws(() => {
-  require('../fixtures/es-modules/loose.js');
-}, {
-  message: /Unexpected token 'export'/
-});
-
 {
   // .mjs should not be matched as default extensions.
   const id = '../fixtures/es-modules/should-not-be-resolved';
diff --git a/test/es-module/test-require-module-with-detection.js b/test/es-module/test-require-module-with-detection.js
index baf993d3253ec7..cd94d5fc88e907 100644
--- a/test/es-module/test-require-module-with-detection.js
+++ b/test/es-module/test-require-module-with-detection.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Flags: --experimental-require-module --experimental-detect-module
+// Flags: --experimental-require-module
 'use strict';
 
 const common = require('../common');
diff --git a/test/fixtures/es-module-loaders/builtin-named-exports-loader.mjs b/test/fixtures/es-module-loaders/builtin-named-exports-loader.mjs
index fca31c585a6ea9..f1b770d04f4f61 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/es-module-loaders/builtin-named-exports-loader.mjs
+++ b/test/fixtures/es-module-loaders/builtin-named-exports-loader.mjs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export function load(url, context, next) {
       source: generateBuiltinModule(urlObj.pathname),
       format: 'commonjs',
     };
-  } else if (context.format === 'commonjs') {
+  } else if (context.format === undefined || context.format === null || context.format === 'commonjs') {
     return {
       shortCircuit: true,
       source: readFileSync(new URL(url)),