esm: top-level --type, -m flags, spec updates

doc/api/cli.md

@@ -492,6 +492,18 @@ added: v2.4.0
 
 Track heap object allocations for heap snapshots.
 
+### `-m`, `--type=type`
+
+When using `--experimental-modules`, this informs the module resolution type
+to interpret the top-level entry into Node.js.
+
+Works with stdin, `--eval`, `--print` as well as standard execution.
+
+Valid values are `"commonjs"` and `"module"`, where the default is to infer
+from the file extension and package type boundary.
+
+`-m` is an alias for `--type=module`.
+
 ### `--use-bundled-ca`, `--use-openssl-ca`
 <!-- YAML
 added: v6.11.0

doc/api/esm.md

@@ -158,8 +158,8 @@ The algorithm to load an ES module specifier is given through the
 module specifier relative to a parentURL, in addition to the unique module
 format for that resolved URL given by the **ESM_FORMAT** routine.
 
-The _"esm"_ format is returned for an ECMAScript Module, while the
-_"legacy"_ format is used to indicate loading through the legacy
+The _"module"_ format is returned for an ECMAScript Module, while the
+_"commonjs"_ format is used to indicate loading through the legacy
 CommonJS loader. Additional formats such as _"wasm"_ or _"addon"_ can be
 extended in future updates.
 
@@ -168,6 +168,12 @@ of these top-level routines.
 
 _isMain_ is **true** when resolving the Node.js application entry point.
 
+If the top-level `--type` is _"commonjs"_, then the ESM resolver is skipped
+entirely for the CommonJS loader.
+
+If the top-level `--type` is _"module"_, then the ESM resolver is used
+as described here, with the conditional `--type` check in **ESM_FORMAT**.
+
 **ESM_RESOLVE(_specifier_, _parentURL_, _isMain_)**
 > 1. Let _resolvedURL_ be **undefined**.
 > 1. If _specifier_ is a valid URL, then
@@ -234,7 +240,7 @@ PACKAGE_MAIN_RESOLVE(_packageURL_, _pjson_)
 >       _pjson.main_.
 >    1. If the file at _resolvedMain_ exists, then
 >       1. Return _resolvedMain_.
-> 1. If _pjson.type_ is equal to _"esm"_, then
+> 1. If _pjson.type_ is equal to _"module"_, then
 >    1. Throw a _Module Not Found_ error.
 > 1. Let _legacyMainURL_ be the result applying the legacy
 >    **LOAD_AS_DIRECTORY** CommonJS resolver to _packageURL_, throwing a
@@ -245,18 +251,24 @@ PACKAGE_MAIN_RESOLVE(_packageURL_, _pjson_)
 
 **ESM_FORMAT(_url_, _isMain_)**
 > 1. Assert: _url_ corresponds to an existing file.
+> 1. If _isMain_ is **true** and the `--type` flag is _"module"_, then
+>    1. If _url_ ends with _".cjs"_, then
+>       1. Throw an _Invalid File Extension_ error.
+>    1. Return _"module"_.
 > 1. Let _pjson_ be the result of **READ_PACKAGE_BOUNDARY**(_url_).
 > 1. If _pjson_ is **null** and _isMain_ is **true**, then
->    1. Return _"legacy"_.
-> 1. If _pjson.type_ exists and is _"esm"_, then
+>    1. Return _"commonjs"_.
+> 1. If _pjson.type_ exists and is _"module"_, then
+>    1. If _url_ ends in _".cjs"_, then
+>       1. Return _"commonjs"_.
 >    1. If _url_ does not end in _".js"_ or _".mjs"_, then
 >       1. Throw an _Unsupported File Extension_ error.
->    1. Return _"esm"_.
+>    1. Return _"module"_.
 > 1. Otherwise,
 >    1. If _url_ ends in _".mjs"_, then
->       1. Return _"esm"_.
+>       1. Return _"module"_.
 >    1. Otherwise,
->       1. Return _"legacy"_.
+>       1. Return _"commonjs"_.
 
 READ_PACKAGE_BOUNDARY(_url_)
 > 1. Let _boundaryURL_ be _url_.

doc/node.1

@@ -272,6 +272,9 @@ Print stack traces for process warnings (including deprecations).
 .It Fl -track-heap-objects
 Track heap object allocations for heap snapshots.
 .
+.It Fl -type Ns = Ns Ar type
+Set the top-level module resolution type.
+.
 .It Fl -use-bundled-ca , Fl -use-openssl-ca
 Use bundled Mozilla CA store as supplied by current Node.js version or use OpenSSL's default CA store.
 The default store is selectable at build-time.