diff --git a/compiler/semfold.nim b/compiler/semfold.nim
index 0bdd0b64c451..e0975f2dd5de 100644
--- a/compiler/semfold.nim
+++ b/compiler/semfold.nim
@@ -493,11 +493,11 @@ proc foldArrayAccess(m: PSym, n: PNode; g: ModuleGraph): PNode =
       result = x.sons[int(idx)]
       if result.kind == nkExprColonExpr: result = result.sons[1]
     else:
-      localError(g.config, n.info, formatErrorIndexBound(idx, sonsLen(x)+1) & $n)
+      localError(g.config, n.info, formatErrorIndexBound(idx, sonsLen(x)-1) & $n)
   of nkBracket:
     idx = idx - firstOrd(g.config, x.typ)
     if idx >= 0 and idx < x.len: result = x.sons[int(idx)]
-    else: localError(g.config, n.info, formatErrorIndexBound(idx, x.len+1) & $n)
+    else: localError(g.config, n.info, formatErrorIndexBound(idx, x.len-1) & $n)
   of nkStrLit..nkTripleStrLit:
     result = newNodeIT(nkCharLit, x.info, n.typ)
     if idx >= 0 and idx < len(x.strVal):
diff --git a/compiler/vm.nim b/compiler/vm.nim
index c001981f8981..282b6eb75eed 100644
--- a/compiler/vm.nim
+++ b/compiler/vm.nim
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ const
   traceCode = debugEchoCode
 
 import ast except getstr
+import system/helpers2
 
 import
   strutils, astalgo, msgs, vmdef, vmgen, nimsets, types, passes,
@@ -432,7 +433,6 @@ proc setLenSeq(c: PCtx; node: PNode; newLen: int; info: TLineInfo) =
       node.sons[i] = getNullValue(typ.sons[0], info, c.config)
 
 const
-  errIndexOutOfBounds = "index out of bounds"
   errNilAccess = "attempt to access a nil address"
   errOverOrUnderflow = "over- or underflow"
   errConstantDivisionByZero = "division by zero"
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ proc rawExecute(c: PCtx, start: int, tos: PStackFrame): TFullReg =
       # a = b[c]
       decodeBC(rkNode)
       if regs[rc].intVal > high(int):
-        stackTrace(c, tos, pc, errIndexOutOfBounds)
+        stackTrace(c, tos, pc, formatErrorIndexBound(regs[rc].intVal, high(int)))
       let idx = regs[rc].intVal.int
       let src = regs[rb].node
       if src.kind in {nkStrLit..nkTripleStrLit}:
@@ -537,11 +537,11 @@ proc rawExecute(c: PCtx, start: int, tos: PStackFrame): TFullReg =
           regs[ra].node = newNodeI(nkCharLit, c.debug[pc])
           regs[ra].node.intVal = src.strVal[idx].ord
         else:
-          stackTrace(c, tos, pc, errIndexOutOfBounds)
+          stackTrace(c, tos, pc, formatErrorIndexBound(idx, src.strVal.len-1))
       elif src.kind notin {nkEmpty..nkFloat128Lit} and idx <% src.len:
         regs[ra].node = src.sons[idx]
       else:
-        stackTrace(c, tos, pc, errIndexOutOfBounds)
+        stackTrace(c, tos, pc, formatErrorIndexBound(idx, src.len-1))
     of opcLdStrIdx:
       decodeBC(rkInt)
       let idx = regs[rc].intVal.int
@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ proc rawExecute(c: PCtx, start: int, tos: PStackFrame): TFullReg =
       elif idx == s.len and optLaxStrings in c.config.options:
         regs[ra].intVal = 0
       else:
-        stackTrace(c, tos, pc, errIndexOutOfBounds)
+        stackTrace(c, tos, pc, formatErrorIndexBound(idx, s.len-1))
     of opcWrArr:
       # a[b] = c
       decodeBC(rkNode)
@@ -561,11 +561,11 @@ proc rawExecute(c: PCtx, start: int, tos: PStackFrame): TFullReg =
         if idx <% arr.strVal.len:
           arr.strVal[idx] = chr(regs[rc].intVal)
         else:
-          stackTrace(c, tos, pc, errIndexOutOfBounds)
+          stackTrace(c, tos, pc, formatErrorIndexBound(idx, arr.strVal.len-1))
       elif idx <% arr.len:
         writeField(arr.sons[idx], regs[rc])
       else:
-        stackTrace(c, tos, pc, errIndexOutOfBounds)
+        stackTrace(c, tos, pc, formatErrorIndexBound(idx, arr.len-1))
     of opcLdObj:
       # a = b.c
       decodeBC(rkNode)
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ proc rawExecute(c: PCtx, start: int, tos: PStackFrame): TFullReg =
       if idx <% regs[ra].node.strVal.len:
         regs[ra].node.strVal[idx] = chr(regs[rc].intVal)
       else:
-        stackTrace(c, tos, pc, errIndexOutOfBounds)
+        stackTrace(c, tos, pc, formatErrorIndexBound(idx, regs[ra].node.strVal.len-1))
     of opcAddrReg:
       decodeB(rkRegisterAddr)
       regs[ra].regAddr = addr(regs[rb])
@@ -1298,7 +1298,7 @@ proc rawExecute(c: PCtx, start: int, tos: PStackFrame): TFullReg =
       if src.kind notin {nkEmpty..nkNilLit} and idx <% src.len:
         regs[ra].node = src.sons[idx]
       else:
-        stackTrace(c, tos, pc, errIndexOutOfBounds)
+        stackTrace(c, tos, pc, formatErrorIndexBound(idx, src.len-1))
     of opcNSetChild:
       decodeBC(rkNode)
       let idx = regs[rb].intVal.int
@@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@ proc rawExecute(c: PCtx, start: int, tos: PStackFrame): TFullReg =
       if dest.kind notin {nkEmpty..nkNilLit} and idx <% dest.len:
         dest.sons[idx] = regs[rc].node
       else:
-        stackTrace(c, tos, pc, errIndexOutOfBounds)
+        stackTrace(c, tos, pc, formatErrorIndexBound(idx, dest.len-1))
     of opcNAdd:
       decodeBC(rkNode)
       var u = regs[rb].node
@@ -1711,7 +1711,7 @@ proc rawExecute(c: PCtx, start: int, tos: PStackFrame): TFullReg =
       if contains(g.cacheSeqs, destKey) and idx <% g.cacheSeqs[destKey].len:
         regs[ra].node = g.cacheSeqs[destKey][idx.int]
       else:
-        stackTrace(c, tos, pc, errIndexOutOfBounds)
+        stackTrace(c, tos, pc, formatErrorIndexBound(idx, g.cacheSeqs[destKey].len-1))
     of opcNctPut:
       let g = c.graph
       let destKey = regs[ra].node.strVal
diff --git a/lib/core/typeinfo.nim b/lib/core/typeinfo.nim
index cfb8f8f5d70e..a4573ff402a4 100644
--- a/lib/core/typeinfo.nim
+++ b/lib/core/typeinfo.nim
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 include "system/inclrtl.nim"
 include "system/hti.nim"
 
+import system/helpers2
+
 {.pop.}
 
 type
@@ -194,14 +196,14 @@ proc `[]`*(x: Any, i: int): Any =
   of tyArray:
     var bs = x.rawType.base.size
     if i >=% x.rawType.size div bs:
-      raise newException(IndexError, "index out of bounds")
+      raise newException(IndexError, formatErrorIndexBound(i, x.rawType.size div bs))
     return newAny(x.value +!! i*bs, x.rawType.base)
   of tySequence:
     var s = cast[ppointer](x.value)[]
     if s == nil: raise newException(ValueError, "sequence is nil")
     var bs = x.rawType.base.size
     if i >=% cast[PGenSeq](s).len:
-      raise newException(IndexError, "index out of bounds")
+      raise newException(IndexError, formatErrorIndexBound(i, cast[PGenSeq](s).len-1))
     return newAny(s +!! (GenericSeqSize+i*bs), x.rawType.base)
   else: assert false
 
@@ -211,7 +213,7 @@ proc `[]=`*(x: Any, i: int, y: Any) =
   of tyArray:
     var bs = x.rawType.base.size
     if i >=% x.rawType.size div bs:
-      raise newException(IndexError, "index out of bounds")
+      raise newException(IndexError, formatErrorIndexBound(i, x.rawType.size div bs))
     assert y.rawType == x.rawType.base
     genericAssign(x.value +!! i*bs, y.value, y.rawType)
   of tySequence:
@@ -219,7 +221,7 @@ proc `[]=`*(x: Any, i: int, y: Any) =
     if s == nil: raise newException(ValueError, "sequence is nil")
     var bs = x.rawType.base.size
     if i >=% cast[PGenSeq](s).len:
-      raise newException(IndexError, "index out of bounds")
+      raise newException(IndexError, formatErrorIndexBound(i, cast[PGenSeq](s).len-1))
     assert y.rawType == x.rawType.base
     genericAssign(s +!! (GenericSeqSize+i*bs), y.value, y.rawType)
   else: assert false
diff --git a/lib/pure/os.nim b/lib/pure/os.nim
index 32fa2885eace..7b84e2063531 100644
--- a/lib/pure/os.nim
+++ b/lib/pure/os.nim
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 include "system/inclrtl"
 
 import
-  strutils, pathnorm
+  strutils, pathnorm, system/helpers2
 
 const weirdTarget = defined(nimscript) or defined(js)
 
@@ -2018,7 +2018,7 @@ elif defined(windows):
       ownArgv = parseCmdLine($getCommandLine())
       ownParsedArgv = true
     if i < ownArgv.len and i >= 0: return TaintedString(ownArgv[i])
-    raise newException(IndexError, "invalid index")
+    raise newException(IndexError, formatErrorIndexBound(i, ownArgv.len-1))
 
 elif defined(genode):
   proc paramStr*(i: int): TaintedString =
@@ -2037,7 +2037,7 @@ elif not defined(createNimRtl) and
   proc paramStr*(i: int): TaintedString {.tags: [ReadIOEffect].} =
     # Docstring in nimdoc block.
     if i < cmdCount and i >= 0: return TaintedString($cmdLine[i])
-    raise newException(IndexError, "invalid index")
+    raise newException(IndexError, formatErrorIndexBound(i, cmdCount-1))
 
   proc paramCount*(): int {.tags: [ReadIOEffect].} =
     # Docstring in nimdoc block.
diff --git a/lib/system/jssys.nim b/lib/system/jssys.nim
index d7718e4f4eda..20a46f1b90c6 100644
--- a/lib/system/jssys.nim
+++ b/lib/system/jssys.nim
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 #    distribution, for details about the copyright.
 #
 
+import system/helpers2
+
 proc log*(s: cstring) {.importc: "console.log", varargs, nodecl.}
 
 type
@@ -157,8 +159,8 @@ proc raiseDivByZero {.exportc: "raiseDivByZero", noreturn, compilerProc.} =
 proc raiseRangeError() {.compilerproc, noreturn.} =
   raise newException(RangeError, "value out of range")
 
-proc raiseIndexError() {.compilerproc, noreturn.} =
-  raise newException(IndexError, "index out of bounds")
+proc raiseIndexError(i, a, b: int) {.compilerproc, noreturn.} =
+  raise newException(IndexError, formatErrorIndexBound(int(i), int(a), int(b)))
 
 proc raiseFieldError(f: string) {.compilerproc, noreturn.} =
   raise newException(FieldError, f & " is not accessible")
@@ -626,7 +628,7 @@ proc arrayConstr(len: int, value: JSRef, typ: PNimType): JSRef {.
 
 proc chckIndx(i, a, b: int): int {.compilerproc.} =
   if i >= a and i <= b: return i
-  else: raiseIndexError()
+  else: raiseIndexError(i, a, b)
 
 proc chckRange(i, a, b: int): int {.compilerproc.} =
   if i >= a and i <= b: return i
diff --git a/tests/exception/testindexerroroutput.nims b/tests/exception/testindexerroroutput.nims
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e282f14b416d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/exception/testindexerroroutput.nims
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+mode = ScriptMode.Verbose
+
+case paramStr(3):
+  of "test1":
+    #543
+    block:
+      let s = "abc"
+      discard s[len(s)]
+  of "test2":
+    #537
+    block:
+      var s = "abc"
+      s[len(s)] = 'd'
+  of "test3":
+    #588
+    block:
+      let arr = ['a', 'b', 'c']
+      discard arr[len(arr)]
+  of "test4":
+    #588
+    block:
+      var arr = ['a', 'b', 'c']
+      arr[len(arr)] = 'd'
diff --git a/tests/exception/tindexerrorformatbounds.nim b/tests/exception/tindexerrorformatbounds.nim
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a5757e4e10b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/exception/tindexerrorformatbounds.nim
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import os
+import strutils
+
+
+const characters = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+var s: string
+
+# # chcks.nim:23
+# # test formatErrorIndexBound returns correct bounds
+block:
+  s = characters
+  try:
+    discard s[0..999]
+  except IndexError:
+    let msg = getCurrentExceptionMsg()
+    let expected = "(i:$#) <= (n:$#)" % [$len(s), $(len(s)-1)]
+    doAssert msg.contains expected
+
+block:
+  try:
+    discard paramStr(999)
+  except IndexError:
+    let msg = getCurrentExceptionMsg()
+    let expected = "(i:999) <= (n:0)"
+    doAssert msg.contains expected
+
+static:
+  const nim = getCurrentCompilerExe()
+
+  block:
+    let ret = gorgeEx(nim & " e testindexerroroutput.nims test1")
+    let expected = "(i:3) <= (n:2)"
+    doAssert ret.exitCode != 0
+    doAssert ret.output.contains expected
+
+  block:
+    let ret = gorgeEx(nim & " e testindexerroroutput.nims test2")
+    let expected = "(i:3) <= (n:2)"
+    doAssert ret.exitCode != 0
+    doAssert ret.output.contains expected
+
+  block:
+    let ret = gorgeEx(nim & " e testindexerroroutput.nims test3")
+    let expected = "(i:3) <= (n:2)"
+    doAssert ret.exitCode != 0
+    doAssert ret.output.contains expected
+
+  block:
+    let ret = gorgeEx(nim & " e testindexerroroutput.nims test4")
+    let expected = "(i:3) <= (n:2)"
+    doAssert ret.exitCode != 0
+    doAssert ret.output.contains expected