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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html" ;="" charset="UTF-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<title>Linux</title>
<link
href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100i,300,400,500,700"
rel="stylesheet"
/>
<link
href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"
rel="stylesheet"
integrity="sha384-GLhlTQ8iRABdZLl6O3oVMWSktQOp6b7In1Zl3/Jr59b6EGGoI1aFkw7cmDA6j6gD"
crossorigin="anonymous"
/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="anniv.css" />
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar bg-body-tertiary">
<div class="container-fluid">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="https://anniv.co">
<img
src="./img/anniv.png"
alt="Logo"
width="30"
height="26"
class="d-inline-block align-text-top"
/>
Open Anniversary
</a>
<ul class="navbar-nav flex-row flex-wrap ms-md-auto">
<li class="nav-item col-6 col-lg-auto">
<a
class="nav-link py-2 px-0 px-lg-2"
href="https://github.com/nickvidal/anniv"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
>
<svg
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
width="16"
height="16"
class="navbar-nav-svg"
viewBox="0 0 512 499.36"
role="img"
>
<title>GitHub</title>
<path
fill="currentColor"
fill-rule="evenodd"
d="M256 0C114.64 0 0 114.61 0 256c0 113.09 73.34 209 175.08 242.9 12.8 2.35 17.47-5.56 17.47-12.34 0-6.08-.22-22.18-.35-43.54-71.2 15.49-86.2-34.34-86.2-34.34-11.64-29.57-28.42-37.45-28.42-37.45-23.27-15.84 1.73-15.55 1.73-15.55 25.69 1.81 39.21 26.38 39.21 26.38 22.84 39.12 59.92 27.82 74.5 21.27 2.33-16.54 8.94-27.82 16.25-34.22-56.84-6.43-116.6-28.43-116.6-126.49 0-27.95 10-50.8 26.35-68.69-2.63-6.48-11.42-32.5 2.51-67.75 0 0 21.49-6.88 70.4 26.24a242.65 242.65 0 0 1 128.18 0c48.87-33.13 70.33-26.24 70.33-26.24 14 35.25 5.18 61.27 2.55 67.75 16.41 17.9 26.31 40.75 26.31 68.69 0 98.35-59.85 120-116.88 126.32 9.19 7.9 17.38 23.53 17.38 47.41 0 34.22-.31 61.83-.31 70.23 0 6.85 4.61 14.81 17.6 12.31C438.72 464.97 512 369.08 512 256.02 512 114.62 397.37 0 256 0z"
></path>
</svg>
</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item col-6 col-lg-auto">
<a
class="nav-link py-2 px-0 px-lg-2"
href="https://opencollective.com/anniv"
target="_blank"
rel="noopener"
>
<svg
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
width="16"
height="16"
fill="currentColor"
fill-rule="evenodd"
class="navbar-nav-svg"
viewBox="0 0 40 41"
role="img"
>
<title>Open Collective</title>
<path
fill-opacity=".4"
d="M32.8 21c0 2.4-.8 4.9-2 6.9l5.1 5.1c2.5-3.4 4.1-7.6 4.1-12 0-4.6-1.6-8.8-4-12.2L30.7 14c1.2 2 2 4.3 2 7z"
></path>
<path
d="M20 33.7a12.8 12.8 0 0 1 0-25.6c2.6 0 5 .7 7 2.1L32 5a20 20 0 1 0 .1 31.9l-5-5.2a13 13 0 0 1-7 2z"
></path>
</svg>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
<header>
<div class="container text-center">
<h1>Linux</h1>
</div>
</header>
<section>
<div class="timeline container" id="timeline">
<div class="timeline-item animate">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Unix</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1969-08-01T12:00:00Z"
>1 August, 1969</time
>
<p>
Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie create the Unix operating system
at AT&T's Bell Labs. It's not open source, but they make the
source code available. Unix was unique because of its portability
and multitasking capabilities. Since the system’s inception, a
multitude of different UNIX versions have been collaboratively
developed — to run workstations, internet servers, and mainframes.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Unix"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="ec067012-1070-4e32-a49a-092cab7e8fcc"
src="./img/unix.jpg"
class="align-center"
width="300"
height="240"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Unix System V</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1983-01-01T12:00:00Z"
>1 January, 1983</time
>
<p>
In 1983, the U.S. Department of Justice settled its second
antitrust case against AT&T, causing the breakup of the Bell
System. This relieved AT&T of the 1956 consent decree that had
prevented the company from commercializing Unix. AT&T promptly
introduced Unix System V into the market. The newly created
competition nearly destroyed the long-term viability of Unix,
because it stifled the free exchanging of source code and led to
fragmentation and incompatibility. Since the newer commercial
UNIX licensing terms were not as favorable for academic use as the
older versions of Unix, the Berkeley researchers continued to
develop BSD as an alternative to UNIX System III and V.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>MINIX</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1987-01-15T12:00:00Z"
>15 January, 1987</time
>
<p>
In 1987, MINIX, a Unix-like system intended for academic use, was
released by Andrew S. Tanenbaum to exemplify the principles
conveyed in his textbook, Operating Systems: Design and
Implementation. While source code for the system was available,
modification and redistribution were restricted. In addition,
MINIX's 16-bit design was not well adapted to the 32-bit features
of the increasingly cheap and popular Intel 386 architecture for
personal computers.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Minix"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="3879d15b-7504-4452-8df1-0a51d2209507"
src="./img/minix.jpg"
class="align-center"
width="220"
height="284"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Linux Announced</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1991-08-25T12:00:00Z"
>25 August, 1991</time
>
<p>
On August 25, 1991, Linus Torvalds, then a 21-year-old university
student from Finland, announced a project on the comp.os.minix
user group:
</p>
<p>
"Hello everybody out there using minix - I'm doing a (free)
operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like
gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has been brewing since april,
and is starting to get ready. I'd like any feedback on things
people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat (same
physical layout of the file-system (due to practical reasons)
among other things)".
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Linus Torvalds"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="982251a8-793e-4b08-b390-f164a81db107"
src="./img/linus.jpg"
class="align-center"
width="330"
height="459"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Linux Released</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1991-10-05T12:00:00Z"
>5 October, 1991</time
>
<p>
The official public release (version 0.0.2) of Linux happened on
October 5, 1991. The initial release (version 0.0.1) was
created a few weeks before, on September 17, 1991.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Linux adopts GPL</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1992-01-13T12:00:00Z"
>13 January, 1992</time
>
<p>In January 1992, Linux adopted the GNU GPLv2 license.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Linux Newsgroup</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1992-04-01T12:00:00Z"
>1 April, 1992</time
>
<p>
The first Linux newsgroup, comp.os.linux, is proposed and started
by Ari Lemmke.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Linux supports GUI</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1992-07-01T12:00:00Z"
>1 July, 1992</time
>
<p>
Orest Zborowski ported the X Window System to Linux in 1992, which
allowed graphical user interface (GUI) support for the very
first time.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>S.u.S.E</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1992-09-01T12:00:00Z"
>1 September, 1992</time
>
<p>
S.u.S.E. was founded by Roland Dyroff, Thomas Fehr, Burchard
Steinbild and Hubert Mantel in September 1992. S.u.S.E.
is a German acronym for "Software und System-Entwicklung"
(Software and Systems Development). S.u.S.E. became the
world’s first provider of an Enterprise Linux distribution.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Suse"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="c969cb12-a45d-4ae5-aed6-068ef27801af"
src="./img/suse.png"
class="align-center"
width="220"
height="186"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Red Hat</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1993-03-01T12:00:00Z"
>1 March, 1993</time
>
<p>
Bob Young founded ACC Corporation in March 1993 and the company
was later renamed to Red Hat Software when merged with Marc
Ewing's business.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Red Hat"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="d91af34a-086a-4ffb-9704-68cb3fd2c6a5"
src="./img/red_hat.png"
class="align-center"
width="233"
height="391"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Slackware</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1993-06-01T12:00:00Z"
>1 June, 1993</time
>
<p>
Slackware, by Patrick Volkerding, becomes the first commercial
standalone distribution and quickly becomes popular within the
Linux community.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Slackware"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="44641ca4-36f4-4e90-a3fb-ac0a2576b595"
src="./img/slackware.png"
class="align-center"
width="320"
height="69"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Debian</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1993-08-16T12:00:00Z"
>16 August, 1993</time
>
<p>
Debian GNU/Linux was created by Ian Murdock in August 1993.
This Linux distribution was committed to the GNU and FSF
principles of free software. The Debian developers' principles are
expressed in the Debian Social Contract.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Debian"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="8a4c502b-bfe8-4c9d-8109-0b30248ab6c0"
src="./img/debian.png"
class="align-center"
width="109"
height="144"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Debian Package</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1994-01-01T12:00:00Z"
>1 January, 1994</time
>
<p>
Ian Murdock wrote a shell script called “dpkg” to solve the issue
of software installation, removal, and updates.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Linux Journal</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1994-03-01T12:00:00Z"
>1 March, 1994</time
>
<p>
The first issue of Linux Journal is published. This issue featured
an interview with Linus Torvalds and articles written by Phil
Hughes, Robert "Bob" Young, Michael K. Johnson, Arnold
Robbins, Matt Welsh, Ian A. Murdock, Frank B. Brokken, K. Kubat,
Micahel Kraehe and Bernie Thompson.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Linux Journal"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="2922aa33-b285-4df0-9dce-af35bb84bd15"
src="./img/linuxjournal.png"
class="align-center"
width="320"
height="155"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Linux 1.0 released</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1994-03-14T12:00:00Z"
>14 March, 1994</time
>
<p>
In March 1994, Linux 1.0 was released. It was the first
version suitable for use in production environments. This
release only supported single-processor i386-based computer
systems.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Linux International</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1994-06-01T12:00:00Z"
>1 June, 1994</time
>
<p>
Linux International, a nonprofit vendor organization, is founded
by Jon "maddog'" Hall. Linux International goes on to become
a major contributor to the success of Linux, helping corporations
and others work toward the promotion of the Linux operating
system. The organization helped Linus to win the Linux trademark
(now owned by the Linux Foundation).
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>BusyBox</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1995-01-01T12:00:00Z"
>1 January, 1995</time
>
<p>
BusyBox was created by Bruce Perens and initially aimed to put a
complete bootable system on a single floppy disk that would serve
both as a rescue disk and as an installer for the Debian
distribution. Since that time, it has been extended to become the
de facto standard core user space toolset for embedded Linux
devices and Linux distribution installers.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Linux Expo</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1995-04-01T12:00:00Z"
>1 April, 1995</time
>
<p>
Linux Expo, the first Linux-specific tradeshow and conference
series, launches, thanks to the folks at North Carolina State
University and in particular, Donnie Barnes. Speakers include Marc
Ewing, Rik Faith and Michael K. Johnson, among others.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Apache httpd</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1995-04-01T12:00:00Z"
>1 April, 1995</time
>
<p>
A small group of webmasters known as the Apache Group came
together with the goal of releasing a common distribution based on
multiple "patches" to the NCSA HTTPd Server. The first official
public release (0.6.2) of the Apache web server was on April 1995.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Apache"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="ed9a972d-69f0-4ad2-8b65-a6b620487810"
src="./img/apache.png"
class="align-center"
width="320"
height="122"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>MySQL</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1995-05-23T12:00:00Z"
>23 May, 1995</time
>
<p>MySQL launched by Michael Widenius.</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="MySQL"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="72ac3677-915d-4ccb-bd80-b852b24a50e1"
src="./img/mysql_0.png"
class="align-center"
width="320"
height="219"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>PHP</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1995-06-08T12:00:00Z"
>8 June, 1995</time
>
<p>
Originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994, PHP was released
publicly on June 1995.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="PHP"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="d29c9861-5eeb-4816-b594-4211a1b7a35c"
src="./img/php.png"
class="align-center"
width="320"
height="173"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Tux</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1996-05-09T12:00:00Z"
>9 May, 1996</time
>
<p>
Torvalds announced in 1996 that there would be a mascot for Linux,
a penguin. This was because when they were about to select the
mascot, Torvalds mentioned he was bitten by a little penguin on a
visit to the National Zoo & Aquarium in Canberra, Australia.
Larry Ewing provided the original draft of today's well known
mascot based on this description. The name Tux was suggested by
James Hughes as derivative of Torvalds' UniX, along with being
short for tuxedo, a type of suit with color similar to that of a
penguin.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Tux"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="e20ad56c-e893-4260-a7d3-35007aa70803"
src="./img/tux.png"
class="align-center"
width="203"
height="240"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>KDE Desktop Environment</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1996-10-14T12:00:00Z"
>14 October, 1996</time
>
<p>
KDE (originally named the Kool Desktop Environment) was founded in
1996 by Matthias Ettrich, who was then a student at the Eberhard
Karls University of Tübingen.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="KDE Desktop Environment"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="4d6bed9a-08dd-446f-83ea-868b413909e5"
src="./img/kde.png"
class="align-center"
width="240"
height="240"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Red Hat Package Manager</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1997-01-01T12:00:00Z"
>1 January, 1997</time
>
<p>
Erik Troan and Marc Ewing launch RPM (Red Hat Package Manager) in
1997. Although it was created for use in Red Hat Linux, RPM
is now used in many Linux distributions such as Fedora, CentOS,
OpenSUSE, OpenMandriva and Oracle Linux.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Software in the Public Interest</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1997-06-16T12:00:00Z"
>16 June, 1997</time
>
<p>
Software in the Public Interest, a non-profit organization,
is formed to serve as a fiscal host for the Debian Project. It was
founded by Bruce Perens.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>GNOME</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1997-08-15T12:00:00Z"
>15 August, 1997</time
>
<p>
GNOME was started on August 15, 1997 by Miguel de Icaza and
Federico Mena as a free software project to develop a desktop
environment and application ecosystem using a completely open
source widget toolkit, the GIMP Toolkit (GTK).
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="GNOME"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="aaed0060-0193-4c89-86e8-0fc35ea00e2f"
src="./img/gnome.png"
class="align-center"
width="198"
height="240"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>LinuxWorld Conference and Expo</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1999-03-01T12:00:00Z"
>1 March, 1999</time
>
<p>
The first LinuxWorld Conference and Expo is held in San Jose,
California. It was a huge success, with 12,000 participants.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Advanced Packaging Tool</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1999-03-09T12:00:00Z"
>9 March, 1999</time
>
<p>
Debian launches Advanced Packaging Tool (APT), a package
management tool built on top of dpkg.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Linux Professional Institute</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1999-10-25T12:00:00Z"
>25 October, 1999</time
>
<p>
The Linux Professional Institute (LPI) is a non-profit
organization founded on October 25, 1999 and oriented towards
certifications for Linux, BSD and open source software based
technologies.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Linux Professional Institute"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="2f8cdeab-d999-4c30-a78c-3d76df167c90"
src="./img/lpi.png"
class="align-center"
width="96"
height="115"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>SourceForge</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="1999-11-01T12:00:00Z"
>1 November, 1999</time
>
<p>
VA Software releases SourceForge, the first provider of a
centralized location for free and open-source software developers
to control and manage software development and offering this
service without charge.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>freedesktop.org</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="2000-03-01T12:00:00Z"
>1 March, 2000</time
>
<p>
freedesktop.org, formerly known as the X Desktop Group, is founded
by Havoc Pennington. The goal is to work on interoperability
and shared base technology for free-software desktop environments
for the X Window System (X11) and Wayland on Linux and other
Unix-like operating systems.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>OpenOffice</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="2000-07-19T12:00:00Z"
>19 July, 2000</time
>
<p>
Sun Microsystems acquires StarOffice in 1999 for US$73.5 million,
as it was supposedly cheaper than 42,000 licenses of Microsoft
Office. Sun offered StarOffice as a free download for
personal use. In July 2000, Sun open-sourced the OpenOffice suite
as a competitor to Microsoft Office.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="OpenOffice"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="f5fed204-7286-4220-bdd5-0128070b86dc"
src="./img/openoffice.png"
class="align-center"
width="300"
height="150"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Gentoo</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="2000-07-26T12:00:00Z"
>26 July, 2000</time
>
<p>
Gentoo Linux was initially created by Daniel Robbins as the Enoch
Linux distribution. The goal was to create a distribution without
precompiled binaries that was tuned to the hardware and only
included required programs.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Gentoo"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="af43fccc-8761-463a-a067-ea8a733369ae"
src="./img/gentoo.png"
class="align-center"
width="229"
height="240"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Open Source Development Labs</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="2000-08-30T12:00:00Z"
>30 August, 2000</time
>
<p>
Open Source Development Labs (OSDL) was founded in 2000. This
non-profit organization supported by a global consortium was
tasked to "accelerate the deployment of Linux for enterprise
computing." It sponsored key projects and people,
including Linus Torvalds and Andrew Morton.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Qt under GPL</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="2000-09-05T12:00:00Z"
>5 September, 2000</time
>
<p>
In 2000, Trolltech releases the Qt library under the GPL v2,
ending all controversy regarding GPL compatibility. This was
important because the K Desktop Environment was becoming one
of the leading desktop environments for Linux.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Qt"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="0e46c48d-dd0f-4083-855f-68c2899d13a2"
src="./img/qt.png"
class="align-center"
width="320"
height="235"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Knoppix</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="2000-09-30T12:00:00Z"
>30 September, 2000</time
>
<p>
Knoppix is an operating system based on Debian created by Klaus
Knopper designed to be run directly from a CD/DVD (Live CD) or a
USB flash drive (Live USB), one of the first of its kind for any
operating system.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Knoppix"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="4bbdd079-4c77-42ba-97e4-9a5bace07765"
src="./img/knoppix.png"
class="align-center"
width="228"
height="240"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Linux Foundation</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="2000-12-31T12:00:00Z"
>31 December, 2000</time
>
<p>
The Linux Foundation is a non-profit technology consortium founded
in 2000 as a merger between Open Source Development Labs and the
Free Standards Group to standardize Linux, support its growth, and
promote its commercial adoption. It also hosts and promotes the
collaborative development of open source software projects.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Linux Foundation"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="0abe6e1d-7d6e-42c0-b584-90c6c40c48c9"
src="./img/linux_foundation.png"
class="align-center"
width="320"
height="108"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>SCO v. IBM</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="2003-03-06T12:00:00Z"
>6 March, 2003</time
>
<p>
The SCO Group, a proprietary Unix vendor and former Linux
distribution vendor, filed a $1 billion lawsuit in the United
States against IBM for allegedly copying inappropriately UNIX
intellectual property into the Linux kernel. Several
related lawsuits and countersuits followed.
</p>
<p>
The blog Groklaw was one of the most forensic examiners of SCO's
claims and related events, and gained its popularity from covering
this material for many years.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Fedora</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="2003-11-06T12:00:00Z"
>6 November, 2003</time
>
<p>
Warren Togami began Fedora Linux in 2002 as an undergraduate
project at the University of Hawaii, intended to provide a single
repository for well-tested third-party software packages so that
non-Red Hat software would be easier to find, develop, and use.
The key difference between Fedora Linux and Red Hat Linux was that
Fedora's repository development would be collaborative with the
global volunteer community. Fedora Linux was launched in
2003, when Red Hat Linux was discontinued in favor of Red Hat
Enterprise Linux (RHEL).
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Fedora"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="540e0b32-bb61-4046-ad37-cfe4dee87bf0"
src="./img/fedora.png"
class="align-center"
width="320"
height="92"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>X.Org Foundation</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="2004-01-22T12:00:00Z"
>22 January, 2004</time
>
<p>
The X.Org Foundation was founded in January 2004. It<span
> came into being when the body that oversaw X standards
and published the official reference implementation joined
forces with former XFree86 developers.</span
>
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="X.Org Foundation"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="fd30809c-8fe7-4484-a6a7-2efbd2fb1e7f"
src="./img/xorg.png"
class="align-center"
width="377"
height="80"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>Ubuntu and Canonical</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="2004-03-05T12:00:00Z"
>5 March, 2004</time
>
<p>
Mark Shuttleworth gathers a group of Linux developers to create
Ubuntu, a user-friendly Linux Distribution based on Debian.
Canonical is founded to market commercial support and related
services for Ubuntu.
</p>
<div class="timeline-image">
<img
alt="Ubuntu"
data-entity-type="file"
data-entity-uuid="e8bacec4-9e31-4e4f-95e0-d1d6121cd440"
src="./img/ubuntu.png"
class="align-center"
width="320"
height="72"
loading="lazy"
/>
</div>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="timeline-item">
<div class="timeline-content">
<h2>CentOS</h2>
<time class="date" datetime="2004-05-14T12:00:00Z"
>14 May, 2004</time
>
<p>
The CentOS Project was born as a merge of two popular RHEL (Red
Hat Enterprise Linux) clones: CAOS Linux from Gregory Kurtzer