diff --git a/web3.js/src/connection.ts b/web3.js/src/connection.ts
index c89d03c98fa86d..d6457567d8770a 100644
--- a/web3.js/src/connection.ts
+++ b/web3.js/src/connection.ts
@@ -3386,7 +3386,7 @@ export class Connection {
 
     assert(decodedSignature.length === 64, 'signature has invalid length');
 
-    const subscriptionCommitment = commitment || this.commitment;
+    const confirmationCommitment = commitment || this.commitment;
     let timeoutId;
     let signatureSubscriptionId: number | undefined;
     let disposeSignatureSubscriptionStateChangeObserver:
@@ -3410,7 +3410,7 @@ export class Connection {
             done = true;
             resolve({__type: TransactionStatus.PROCESSED, response});
           },
-          subscriptionCommitment,
+          confirmationCommitment,
         );
         const subscriptionSetupPromise = new Promise<void>(
           resolveSubscriptionSetup => {
@@ -3438,10 +3438,36 @@ export class Connection {
             return;
           }
           const {context, value} = response;
+          if (value == null) {
+            return;
+          }
           if (value?.err) {
             reject(value.err);
-          }
-          if (value) {
+          } else {
+            switch (confirmationCommitment) {
+              case 'confirmed':
+              case 'single':
+              case 'singleGossip': {
+                if (value.confirmationStatus === 'processed') {
+                  return;
+                }
+                break;
+              }
+              case 'finalized':
+              case 'max':
+              case 'root': {
+                if (
+                  value.confirmationStatus === 'processed' ||
+                  value.confirmationStatus === 'confirmed'
+                ) {
+                  return;
+                }
+                break;
+              }
+              // exhaust enums to ensure full coverage
+              case 'processed':
+              case 'recent':
+            }
             done = true;
             resolve({
               __type: TransactionStatus.PROCESSED,
@@ -3463,7 +3489,7 @@ export class Connection {
     >(resolve => {
       if (typeof strategy === 'string') {
         let timeoutMs = this._confirmTransactionInitialTimeout || 60 * 1000;
-        switch (subscriptionCommitment) {
+        switch (confirmationCommitment) {
           case 'processed':
           case 'recent':
           case 'single':
diff --git a/web3.js/test/connection.test.ts b/web3.js/test/connection.test.ts
index e13260540ed397..dd333a778bcb56 100644
--- a/web3.js/test/connection.test.ts
+++ b/web3.js/test/connection.test.ts
@@ -1214,6 +1214,42 @@ describe('Connection', function () {
       //     value: {err: null},
       //   });
       // });
+
+      it('confirm transaction - does not confirm the transaction when signature status check yields confirmation for a lower commitment before signature subscription confirms the transaction', async () => {
+        const mockSignature =
+          'w2Zeq8YkpyB463DttvfzARD7k9ZxGEwbsEw4boEK7jDp3pfoxZbTdLFSsEPhzXhpCcjGi2kHtHFobgX49MMhbWt';
+
+        // Keep the subscription from ever returning data.
+        await mockRpcMessage({
+          method: 'signatureSubscribe',
+          params: [mockSignature, {commitment: 'finalized'}],
+          result: new Promise(() => {}), // Never resolve.
+        });
+        clock.runAllAsync();
+
+        const confirmationPromise =
+          connection.confirmTransaction(mockSignature);
+        clock.runAllAsync();
+
+        // Return a signature status with a lower finality through the RPC API.
+        await mockRpcResponse({
+          method: 'getSignatureStatuses',
+          params: [[mockSignature]],
+          value: [
+            {
+              slot: 0,
+              confirmations: null,
+              confirmationStatus: 'processed', // Lower than we expect
+              err: null,
+            },
+          ],
+        });
+        clock.runAllAsync();
+
+        await expect(confirmationPromise).to.be.rejectedWith(
+          TransactionExpiredTimeoutError,
+        );
+      });
     });
   }