BasicFormsTutorial

Step-by-step tutorial for building basic forms in Symfony 2.1.x. The level required is beginner

This tutorial starts with a raw Symfony 2.1.3 project and a few Enitites created to be used during the guide. On each step we are going to extend our forms system adding a new feature to create a fully functional project with basic forms including a creation and edition form, validation, form theming ...

Each feature will be included in a new branch and includes the former ones. So the branches will be named according to step-feature

But, first of all, here are the steps to install the project:

Installation

First download the repository code to your local:

    cd /path/to/workspace
    git clone git@github.com:nass600/BasicFormsTutorial.git basic-forms-tutorial

Create the vhost file in /etc/apache2/sites-available directory. We will name it basic-forms-tutorial:

    <VirtualHost *:80>
        DocumentRoot "/path/to/workspace/basic-forms-tutorial/web"
        ServerName basic-forms-tutorial.localhost
        DirectoryIndex app.php

        <Directory "/path/to/workspace/basic-forms-tutorial/web">
            Options Indexes FollowSymLinks Includes ExecCGI
            AllowOverride All
            Order allow,deny
            Allow from all
        </Directory>
    </VirtualHost>

Enable the new site in Apache:
```
    sudo a2ensite basic-forms-tutorial
```
Add the ServerName to /etc/hosts file to be accesible via browser:
```
    127.0.0.1	basic-forms-tutorial.localhost
```
Restart Apache:
```
    sudo service apache2 restart
```
Set up the parameters.yml. Copy the included sample file and set your database's parameters inside the new file:
```
    cp app/config/parameters.yml.sample app/config/parameters.yml
```

Download composer:

    curl -s https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
    sudo mv composer.phar /user/bin/composer

Run composer to install symfony in your project:

    cd /path/to/workspace/basic-forms-tutorial
    composer install

Give permissions to your user and the Apache user in order to clean the cache and logs directories:

    sudo setfacl -R -m u:www-data:rwx -m u:`whoami`:rwx app/cache app/logs
    sudo setfacl -dR -m u:www-data:rwx -m u:`whoami`:rwx app/cache app/logs

Clean the cache:
```
    app/console cache:clear
```
Now you should be able to see the welcome page of Symfony2 in the browser on this direction:

http://basic-forms-tutorial.localhost/app_dev.php

Tutorial

Now, we start with the tutorial. The application consists on a Developer portfolio's backoffice.

Imagine you want to create a portfolio including all the projects you have been involved in. At first glance, if you have made one or two projects you could be thinking on just writing HTML to present these two projects to the world, but if you will continue developing sites, the creation of a backoffice where you can add easily new projects would be a good idea.

Said that, we can model our backoffice with an Entity Project where we can set:

Project's title (type: string; nullable=false)
Site's url (type: string; nullable=true)
Description (type: string; nullable=true)

Before start coding go to the first branch:

    git checkout -b 0-start origin/0-start

On this branch we have done some initial tasks like:

Removed the default AcmeDemoBundle
Prepared routing
Added bootstrap.css for templating styles
Created the basic Project Entity
Created a list projects action on the Controller

Follow the online Symfony documentation along with this tutorial. In each feature I will point to the related symfony component.

1. Basic form

Starting branch: 0-start

Move to the initial branch to start with this feature:

    git checkout -b 0-start origin/0-start

Symfony doc: http://symfony.com/doc/current/book/forms.html

Before starting with forms we need to create the database and its tables physically so execute this on a terminal:

    app/console doctrine:database:create
    app/console doctrine:schema:update --force

If you go to our project's url: http://basic-forms-tutorial.localhost/app_dev.php you will find out that there is no projects stored yet. We do not have fixtures and we do not intend to create them so we are going to create a new project feature, a basic form.

Form rendering

Create a new file in src/Ivelazquez/AdminBundle/Form/Type/ProjectFormType.php. This file will contain the form structure.
Add a new action to ProjectController.php called newAction where the form will be created and sent to the view to be rendered. This new action has the route /new and the name admin_project_new.

Create a new template for this form in src/Ivelazquez/AdminBundle/Resources/views/Project/new.html.twig and add:

    <form action="{{ path('admin_project_new') }}" method="post" {{ form_enctype(form) }}>
        {{ form_widget(form) }}
        <input type="submit" class="btn" value="Create">
    </form>

Add to layout's sidemenu a link to our new action
After that you will be able to see the form by clicking on the link created above.

Form processing

We have drawn a form but right now it is not processing any data. The processing consists on binding the date, validate it and persists/flush the new entity to the database.

Extend the newAction. Insert inside this function an if sentence clause for processing POST requests.
Inside this sentence we are going to delegate all the form processing to a new class called ProjectFormHandler living in /src/Ivelazquez/AdminBundle/Form/Handler/ProjectFormHandler.php. Let's create it.
Such class will be made up of a constructor receiving:
- The created form
- The received request
- The EntityManager
And a function process were we have to:
- Bind the request to the form
- Check if it is valid: if valid, then persist and flush the new entity and return true; otherwise, return false.
Back to the Controller, we create this new class and pass in the needed parameters. Then we process the form and checks the return value of the handler processing. If true, everything is ok and our entity has been persisted so we redirect the response to the Project's listing. If false we will return the form again with the errors.
Finally, provide feedback to the user about the form processing failure or success via flashes. Write these flashes on a different twig template and include it in the form listing

2. Edit form

Starting branch: 1-basic-form

Move to this branch to continue with this feature:

    git checkout -b 1-basic-form origin/1-basic-form

Symfony doc: http://symfony.com/doc/current/book/forms.html

Now we would like to update information on a particular project.

Create an editAction in our ProjectController.php. The route is /edit/{id} with name admin_projetc_edit.
This action is almost identical to our first newAction so it creates a form and processes it if received a POST request. But, before create the form, we need to look up the database for the project we want to update.
If we find this project, we need to prepopulate the form type when it is created with the found project's data.
After finishing the controller we are going to modify the list.html.twig template by adding a link on each project's row that allows us to reach the edition form of each project.
And, of course, create this new template edit.html.twig. This template is identical to new.html.twig unless the form action must point to the edit project route instead of new project route. Thus we also need to send the project's id we are updating to the view

Refactor form templates

As you can see, new.html.twig and edit.html.twig only differ in the form's action, an extra id passed in when updating and the submit button's value text. In next steps we are going to theme the form so it would be great that both actions render the same form code.

Let's create another template named form.html.twig where we are going to copy the form's content. Right now, it means only this:
```
    {{ form_widget(form) }}
```
Now it is just a line of code but, it is going to grow up when customizing the form.
Now, include this new form.html.twig in both templates.

3. New widgets

Starting branch: 2-edit-form

Move to this branch to continue with this feature:

    git checkout -b 2-edit-form origin/2-edit-form

Symfony doc: http://symfony.com/doc/current/book/forms.html#built-in-field-types http://symfony.com/doc/current/book/forms.html#rendering-each-field-by-hand

At this point, we have a functional creation and edition form. It is time to extend our Project Entity and therefore, its form.

We are going to add to the Entity the following fields:

finishDate (type: datetime; nullable=true)
country (type: string; nullable=true)
status (type: string; nullable=true)

Extending the Entity

Create the new Entity's fields and respective getters and setters.

Refresh the database schema via:

    app/console doctrine:schema:update --force

Extending the form

Add the finishDate field to the form type. If you set nothing on the form field it will render 5 selects according to the DateTime format. We do not take care about the time for this example and we rather prefer a unique text input with a date format like dd/M/yyyy (Tip: Use the date widget instead of datetime). It is not required.
Add the a select widget where we can choose any country. (Tip: Symfony comes with Country and Language widgets and validation). So this field could be null, we are going to set an empty_value for display it in the select widget as default.
For the status field, we need a radio widget so create an expanded choice widget. The possible choices are: finished, maintenance and developing

Spliting up the form rendering

Now we are going to render the form by fields to give more flexibility to our frontend developer. In the next part of the tutorial (theming) this would be useful to customize the validation error messages.

Remove this sentence from form.html.twig:
```
    {{ form_widget(form) }}
```
Start creating the HTML you want and add each field via:
```
    {{ form_label(form.task) }}
    {{ form_errors(form.task) }}
    {{ form_widget(form.task) }}
```
This allows you to use the elements you need of each field.

4. Validation

Starting branch: 3-new-widgets

Move to this branch to continue with this feature:

    git checkout -b 3-new-widgets origin/3-new-widgets

Symfony doc: http://symfony.com/doc/current/book/validation.html

Right now, this form validates according to the Symfony default Type Constraints but we want to enhance the security of our data input adding some more Constraints and security to this form.

If you inspect your Entity we can add the following rules:

title (We need this value so it is required)
url (We need a well-formed url)
description (For instance, only 255 characters)
finishDate (A valid date. In addition we want the exact format described in the widget)
country (Valid country)

Let's go to our Project Entity and add the convinient Asserts. You can find all Symfony Constraints under vendor/symfony/symfony/src/Component/Validator/Constraints and choose the one that fit your needs. In addition, change the default message if you want.

Note: Remember to disable default HTML5 Validation to see our backend validation in action. You can do this via adding novalidate attribute to the <form> tag

The date field needs special mention. In addition to a Date Constraint we need to set some variables in the ProjectFormType. Imagine you insert 22222222 as date, Symfony will try to create a DateTime with such string and the Type Validation will show you a different message than the one you set in your Date Constraint.

To fix this we are going to set our custom message in the invalid_message parameter in the type in the finishDate field.

5. Theming

Starting branch: 4-validation

Move to this branch to continue with this feature:

    git checkout -b 4-validation origin/4-validation

Symfony doc: http://symfony.com/doc/current/book/forms.html#form-theming

Let's pimp the form layout. As you can see we still have the default lists of errors when a field is not valid. We rather red alerts for example. So we are using Twitter Bootstrap we would like to get a tooltip when hovering a not valid input.

For achieve this task we can override the default twig template for simple widgets:

First of all, look for form_div_layout.html.twig. This template contains the HTML of any widget.
Afterwards copy the widget we need and copy it to a new file form-theme.html.twig located at Resources/views/Form directory. In this file we are going to code all template overrides.

Insert at the top of the form.html.twig the next line:

    {% form_theme form "IvelazquezAdminBundle:Form:form-theme.html.twig" %}

Now is time to change the html structure of the widgets need. We want to change only the text widgets adding all the redundant HTML we insert previously when splitting up the form in just one place. So move the div.controls surrounding the widgets for title, url and finishDate to the form-theme template.
Copy also from form_div_layout.html.twig the textarea widget for the description field.
We have replaced the widget structures we need and now we have to adapt it to Bootsrap. We are going to fire the tooltip when hover on an input or textarea containing the class error so let's remove the form_errors helper on the form and add such check inside the widget itself. It consists on merge the class error to the already set classes if errors exist. Add some style like red border to it.
Last, bootstrap tooltips get the displaying message from an attribute called data-original-title so add the message in this attribute for displaying the validation message.

The final text widget will look like this:

{% block form_widget_simple %}
    {% spaceless %}
        {% set type = type|default('text') %}
        {% if errors|length > 0 %}
            {% set attr = attr|merge({'class': (attr.class|default('') ~ ' error')|trim}) %}
        {% endif %}
        <div class="controls">
            <input type="{{ type }}" {{ block('widget_attributes') }} {% if value is not empty %}value="{{ value }}" {% endif %}
            {% if errors|length > 0 %}
                rel="tooltip"
                data-original-title="
                    {% for error in errors %}
                        {{ error.messageTemplate|trans(error.messageParameters, 'validators') ~'<br>' }}
                    {% endfor %}
                "
            {% endif %}
            />
        </div>
    {% endspaceless %}
{% endblock form_widget_simple %}

Tutorial Finished

Now you have all the basic skills about handling forms. We have learn to create forms and their widgets, validate and process the input data and modify the look and feel of them

To check the whole code just go to the last branch: git checkout -b 5-theming origin/5-theming

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README.md

README.md

BasicFormsTutorial

Installation

Tutorial

1. Basic form

2. Edit form

3. New widgets

4. Validation

5. Theming

Tutorial Finished

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BasicFormsTutorial

Installation

Tutorial

1. Basic form

2. Edit form

3. New widgets

4. Validation

5. Theming

Tutorial Finished