diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_debugfs.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_debugfs.c
index c120d87df5941..596810e0cfe81 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_debugfs.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_debugfs.c
@@ -943,30 +943,30 @@ static int i915_gem_fence_regs_info(struct seq_file *m, void *data)
 static ssize_t gpu_state_read(struct file *file, char __user *ubuf,
 			      size_t count, loff_t *pos)
 {
-	struct i915_gpu_state *error = file->private_data;
-	struct drm_i915_error_state_buf str;
+	struct i915_gpu_state *error;
 	ssize_t ret;
-	loff_t tmp;
+	void *buf;
 
+	error = file->private_data;
 	if (!error)
 		return 0;
 
-	ret = i915_error_state_buf_init(&str, error->i915, count, *pos);
-	if (ret)
-		return ret;
+	/* Bounce buffer required because of kernfs __user API convenience. */
+	buf = kmalloc(count, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!buf)
+		return -ENOMEM;
 
-	ret = i915_error_state_to_str(&str, error);
-	if (ret)
+	ret = i915_gpu_state_copy_to_buffer(error, buf, *pos, count);
+	if (ret <= 0)
 		goto out;
 
-	tmp = 0;
-	ret = simple_read_from_buffer(ubuf, count, &tmp, str.buf, str.bytes);
-	if (ret < 0)
-		goto out;
+	if (!copy_to_user(ubuf, buf, ret))
+		*pos += ret;
+	else
+		ret = -EFAULT;
 
-	*pos = str.start + ret;
 out:
-	i915_error_state_buf_release(&str);
+	kfree(buf);
 	return ret;
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gpu_error.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gpu_error.c
index 8123bf0e4807d..a6885a59568b0 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gpu_error.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gpu_error.c
@@ -27,11 +27,14 @@
  *
  */
 
-#include <linux/utsname.h>
+#include <linux/ascii85.h>
+#include <linux/nmi.h>
+#include <linux/scatterlist.h>
 #include <linux/stop_machine.h>
+#include <linux/utsname.h>
 #include <linux/zlib.h>
+
 #include <drm/drm_print.h>
-#include <linux/ascii85.h>
 
 #include "i915_gpu_error.h"
 #include "i915_drv.h"
@@ -77,112 +80,110 @@ static const char *purgeable_flag(int purgeable)
 	return purgeable ? " purgeable" : "";
 }
 
-static bool __i915_error_ok(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *e)
+static void __sg_set_buf(struct scatterlist *sg,
+			 void *addr, unsigned int len, loff_t it)
 {
-
-	if (!e->err && WARN(e->bytes > (e->size - 1), "overflow")) {
-		e->err = -ENOSPC;
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (e->bytes == e->size - 1 || e->err)
-		return false;
-
-	return true;
+	sg->page_link = (unsigned long)virt_to_page(addr);
+	sg->offset = offset_in_page(addr);
+	sg->length = len;
+	sg->dma_address = it;
 }
 
-static bool __i915_error_seek(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *e,
-			      unsigned len)
+static bool __i915_error_grow(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *e, size_t len)
 {
-	if (e->pos + len <= e->start) {
-		e->pos += len;
+	if (!len)
 		return false;
-	}
 
-	/* First vsnprintf needs to fit in its entirety for memmove */
-	if (len >= e->size) {
-		e->err = -EIO;
-		return false;
-	}
+	if (e->bytes + len + 1 <= e->size)
+		return true;
 
-	return true;
-}
+	if (e->bytes) {
+		__sg_set_buf(e->cur++, e->buf, e->bytes, e->iter);
+		e->iter += e->bytes;
+		e->buf = NULL;
+		e->bytes = 0;
+	}
 
-static void __i915_error_advance(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *e,
-				 unsigned len)
-{
-	/* If this is first printf in this window, adjust it so that
-	 * start position matches start of the buffer
-	 */
+	if (e->cur == e->end) {
+		struct scatterlist *sgl;
 
-	if (e->pos < e->start) {
-		const size_t off = e->start - e->pos;
+		sgl = (typeof(sgl))__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!sgl) {
+			e->err = -ENOMEM;
+			return false;
+		}
 
-		/* Should not happen but be paranoid */
-		if (off > len || e->bytes) {
-			e->err = -EIO;
-			return;
+		if (e->cur) {
+			e->cur->offset = 0;
+			e->cur->length = 0;
+			e->cur->page_link =
+				(unsigned long)sgl | SG_CHAIN;
+		} else {
+			e->sgl = sgl;
 		}
 
-		memmove(e->buf, e->buf + off, len - off);
-		e->bytes = len - off;
-		e->pos = e->start;
-		return;
+		e->cur = sgl;
+		e->end = sgl + SG_MAX_SINGLE_ALLOC - 1;
 	}
 
-	e->bytes += len;
-	e->pos += len;
+	e->size = ALIGN(len + 1, SZ_64K);
+	e->buf = kmalloc(e->size, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOWARN | __GFP_NORETRY);
+	if (!e->buf) {
+		e->size = PAGE_ALIGN(len + 1);
+		e->buf = kmalloc(e->size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	}
+	if (!e->buf) {
+		e->err = -ENOMEM;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
 }
 
 __printf(2, 0)
 static void i915_error_vprintf(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *e,
-			       const char *f, va_list args)
+			       const char *fmt, va_list args)
 {
-	unsigned len;
+	va_list ap;
+	int len;
 
-	if (!__i915_error_ok(e))
+	if (e->err)
 		return;
 
-	/* Seek the first printf which is hits start position */
-	if (e->pos < e->start) {
-		va_list tmp;
-
-		va_copy(tmp, args);
-		len = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, f, tmp);
-		va_end(tmp);
-
-		if (!__i915_error_seek(e, len))
-			return;
+	va_copy(ap, args);
+	len = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+	if (len <= 0) {
+		e->err = len;
+		return;
 	}
 
-	len = vsnprintf(e->buf + e->bytes, e->size - e->bytes, f, args);
-	if (len >= e->size - e->bytes)
-		len = e->size - e->bytes - 1;
+	if (!__i915_error_grow(e, len))
+		return;
 
-	__i915_error_advance(e, len);
+	GEM_BUG_ON(e->bytes >= e->size);
+	len = vscnprintf(e->buf + e->bytes, e->size - e->bytes, fmt, args);
+	if (len < 0) {
+		e->err = len;
+		return;
+	}
+	e->bytes += len;
 }
 
-static void i915_error_puts(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *e,
-			    const char *str)
+static void i915_error_puts(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *e, const char *str)
 {
 	unsigned len;
 
-	if (!__i915_error_ok(e))
+	if (e->err || !str)
 		return;
 
 	len = strlen(str);
+	if (!__i915_error_grow(e, len))
+		return;
 
-	/* Seek the first printf which is hits start position */
-	if (e->pos < e->start) {
-		if (!__i915_error_seek(e, len))
-			return;
-	}
-
-	if (len >= e->size - e->bytes)
-		len = e->size - e->bytes - 1;
+	GEM_BUG_ON(e->bytes + len > e->size);
 	memcpy(e->buf + e->bytes, str, len);
-
-	__i915_error_advance(e, len);
+	e->bytes += len;
 }
 
 #define err_printf(e, ...) i915_error_printf(e, __VA_ARGS__)
@@ -268,6 +269,8 @@ static int compress_page(struct compress *c,
 
 		if (zlib_deflate(zstream, Z_NO_FLUSH) != Z_OK)
 			return -EIO;
+
+		touch_nmi_watchdog();
 	} while (zstream->avail_in);
 
 	/* Fallback to uncompressed if we increase size? */
@@ -635,21 +638,29 @@ static void err_print_uc(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *m,
 	print_error_obj(m, NULL, "GuC log buffer", error_uc->guc_log);
 }
 
-int i915_error_state_to_str(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *m,
-			    const struct i915_gpu_state *error)
+static void err_free_sgl(struct scatterlist *sgl)
 {
-	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = m->i915;
-	struct drm_i915_error_object *obj;
-	struct timespec64 ts;
-	int i, j;
+	while (sgl) {
+		struct scatterlist *sg;
 
-	if (!error) {
-		err_printf(m, "No error state collected\n");
-		return 0;
+		for (sg = sgl; !sg_is_chain(sg); sg++) {
+			kfree(sg_virt(sg));
+			if (sg_is_last(sg))
+				break;
+		}
+
+		sg = sg_is_last(sg) ? NULL : sg_chain_ptr(sg);
+		free_page((unsigned long)sgl);
+		sgl = sg;
 	}
+}
 
-	if (IS_ERR(error))
-		return PTR_ERR(error);
+static void __err_print_to_sgl(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *m,
+			       struct i915_gpu_state *error)
+{
+	struct drm_i915_error_object *obj;
+	struct timespec64 ts;
+	int i, j;
 
 	if (*error->error_msg)
 		err_printf(m, "%s\n", error->error_msg);
@@ -683,12 +694,12 @@ int i915_error_state_to_str(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *m,
 	err_printf(m, "Reset count: %u\n", error->reset_count);
 	err_printf(m, "Suspend count: %u\n", error->suspend_count);
 	err_printf(m, "Platform: %s\n", intel_platform_name(error->device_info.platform));
-	err_print_pciid(m, error->i915);
+	err_print_pciid(m, m->i915);
 
 	err_printf(m, "IOMMU enabled?: %d\n", error->iommu);
 
-	if (HAS_CSR(dev_priv)) {
-		struct intel_csr *csr = &dev_priv->csr;
+	if (HAS_CSR(m->i915)) {
+		struct intel_csr *csr = &m->i915->csr;
 
 		err_printf(m, "DMC loaded: %s\n",
 			   yesno(csr->dmc_payload != NULL));
@@ -708,22 +719,23 @@ int i915_error_state_to_str(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *m,
 	err_printf(m, "FORCEWAKE: 0x%08x\n", error->forcewake);
 	err_printf(m, "DERRMR: 0x%08x\n", error->derrmr);
 	err_printf(m, "CCID: 0x%08x\n", error->ccid);
-	err_printf(m, "Missed interrupts: 0x%08lx\n", dev_priv->gpu_error.missed_irq_rings);
+	err_printf(m, "Missed interrupts: 0x%08lx\n",
+		   m->i915->gpu_error.missed_irq_rings);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < error->nfence; i++)
 		err_printf(m, "  fence[%d] = %08llx\n", i, error->fence[i]);
 
-	if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) >= 6) {
+	if (INTEL_GEN(m->i915) >= 6) {
 		err_printf(m, "ERROR: 0x%08x\n", error->error);
 
-		if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) >= 8)
+		if (INTEL_GEN(m->i915) >= 8)
 			err_printf(m, "FAULT_TLB_DATA: 0x%08x 0x%08x\n",
 				   error->fault_data1, error->fault_data0);
 
 		err_printf(m, "DONE_REG: 0x%08x\n", error->done_reg);
 	}
 
-	if (IS_GEN7(dev_priv))
+	if (IS_GEN7(m->i915))
 		err_printf(m, "ERR_INT: 0x%08x\n", error->err_int);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(error->engine); i++) {
@@ -745,7 +757,7 @@ int i915_error_state_to_str(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *m,
 
 			len += scnprintf(buf + len, sizeof(buf), "%s%s",
 					 first ? "" : ", ",
-					 dev_priv->engine[j]->name);
+					 m->i915->engine[j]->name);
 			first = 0;
 		}
 		scnprintf(buf + len, sizeof(buf), ")");
@@ -763,7 +775,7 @@ int i915_error_state_to_str(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *m,
 
 		obj = ee->batchbuffer;
 		if (obj) {
-			err_puts(m, dev_priv->engine[i]->name);
+			err_puts(m, m->i915->engine[i]->name);
 			if (ee->context.pid)
 				err_printf(m, " (submitted by %s [%d], ctx %d [%d], score %d%s)",
 					   ee->context.comm,
@@ -775,16 +787,16 @@ int i915_error_state_to_str(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *m,
 			err_printf(m, " --- gtt_offset = 0x%08x %08x\n",
 				   upper_32_bits(obj->gtt_offset),
 				   lower_32_bits(obj->gtt_offset));
-			print_error_obj(m, dev_priv->engine[i], NULL, obj);
+			print_error_obj(m, m->i915->engine[i], NULL, obj);
 		}
 
 		for (j = 0; j < ee->user_bo_count; j++)
-			print_error_obj(m, dev_priv->engine[i],
+			print_error_obj(m, m->i915->engine[i],
 					"user", ee->user_bo[j]);
 
 		if (ee->num_requests) {
 			err_printf(m, "%s --- %d requests\n",
-				   dev_priv->engine[i]->name,
+				   m->i915->engine[i]->name,
 				   ee->num_requests);
 			for (j = 0; j < ee->num_requests; j++)
 				error_print_request(m, " ",
@@ -794,10 +806,10 @@ int i915_error_state_to_str(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *m,
 
 		if (IS_ERR(ee->waiters)) {
 			err_printf(m, "%s --- ? waiters [unable to acquire spinlock]\n",
-				   dev_priv->engine[i]->name);
+				   m->i915->engine[i]->name);
 		} else if (ee->num_waiters) {
 			err_printf(m, "%s --- %d waiters\n",
-				   dev_priv->engine[i]->name,
+				   m->i915->engine[i]->name,
 				   ee->num_waiters);
 			for (j = 0; j < ee->num_waiters; j++) {
 				err_printf(m, " seqno 0x%08x for %s [%d]\n",
@@ -807,22 +819,22 @@ int i915_error_state_to_str(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *m,
 			}
 		}
 
-		print_error_obj(m, dev_priv->engine[i],
+		print_error_obj(m, m->i915->engine[i],
 				"ringbuffer", ee->ringbuffer);
 
-		print_error_obj(m, dev_priv->engine[i],
+		print_error_obj(m, m->i915->engine[i],
 				"HW Status", ee->hws_page);
 
-		print_error_obj(m, dev_priv->engine[i],
+		print_error_obj(m, m->i915->engine[i],
 				"HW context", ee->ctx);
 
-		print_error_obj(m, dev_priv->engine[i],
+		print_error_obj(m, m->i915->engine[i],
 				"WA context", ee->wa_ctx);
 
-		print_error_obj(m, dev_priv->engine[i],
+		print_error_obj(m, m->i915->engine[i],
 				"WA batchbuffer", ee->wa_batchbuffer);
 
-		print_error_obj(m, dev_priv->engine[i],
+		print_error_obj(m, m->i915->engine[i],
 				"NULL context", ee->default_state);
 	}
 
@@ -835,43 +847,107 @@ int i915_error_state_to_str(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *m,
 	err_print_capabilities(m, &error->device_info, &error->driver_caps);
 	err_print_params(m, &error->params);
 	err_print_uc(m, &error->uc);
+}
+
+static int err_print_to_sgl(struct i915_gpu_state *error)
+{
+	struct drm_i915_error_state_buf m;
+
+	if (IS_ERR(error))
+		return PTR_ERR(error);
+
+	if (READ_ONCE(error->sgl))
+		return 0;
+
+	memset(&m, 0, sizeof(m));
+	m.i915 = error->i915;
+
+	__err_print_to_sgl(&m, error);
+
+	if (m.buf) {
+		__sg_set_buf(m.cur++, m.buf, m.bytes, m.iter);
+		m.bytes = 0;
+		m.buf = NULL;
+	}
+	if (m.cur) {
+		GEM_BUG_ON(m.end < m.cur);
+		sg_mark_end(m.cur - 1);
+	}
+	GEM_BUG_ON(m.sgl && !m.cur);
+
+	if (m.err) {
+		err_free_sgl(m.sgl);
+		return m.err;
+	}
 
-	if (m->bytes == 0 && m->err)
-		return m->err;
+	if (cmpxchg(&error->sgl, NULL, m.sgl))
+		err_free_sgl(m.sgl);
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
-int i915_error_state_buf_init(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *ebuf,
-			      struct drm_i915_private *i915,
-			      size_t count, loff_t pos)
+ssize_t i915_gpu_state_copy_to_buffer(struct i915_gpu_state *error,
+				      char *buf, loff_t off, size_t rem)
 {
-	memset(ebuf, 0, sizeof(*ebuf));
-	ebuf->i915 = i915;
+	struct scatterlist *sg;
+	size_t count;
+	loff_t pos;
+	int err;
 
-	/* We need to have enough room to store any i915_error_state printf
-	 * so that we can move it to start position.
-	 */
-	ebuf->size = count + 1 > PAGE_SIZE ? count + 1 : PAGE_SIZE;
-	ebuf->buf = kmalloc(ebuf->size,
-				GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NORETRY | __GFP_NOWARN);
+	if (!error || !rem)
+		return 0;
 
-	if (ebuf->buf == NULL) {
-		ebuf->size = PAGE_SIZE;
-		ebuf->buf = kmalloc(ebuf->size, GFP_KERNEL);
-	}
+	err = err_print_to_sgl(error);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
 
-	if (ebuf->buf == NULL) {
-		ebuf->size = 128;
-		ebuf->buf = kmalloc(ebuf->size, GFP_KERNEL);
-	}
+	sg = READ_ONCE(error->fit);
+	if (!sg || off < sg->dma_address)
+		sg = error->sgl;
+	if (!sg)
+		return 0;
 
-	if (ebuf->buf == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	pos = sg->dma_address;
+	count = 0;
+	do {
+		size_t len, start;
+
+		if (sg_is_chain(sg)) {
+			sg = sg_chain_ptr(sg);
+			GEM_BUG_ON(sg_is_chain(sg));
+		}
+
+		len = sg->length;
+		if (pos + len <= off) {
+			pos += len;
+			continue;
+		}
 
-	ebuf->start = pos;
+		start = sg->offset;
+		if (pos < off) {
+			GEM_BUG_ON(off - pos > len);
+			len -= off - pos;
+			start += off - pos;
+			pos = off;
+		}
 
-	return 0;
+		len = min(len, rem);
+		GEM_BUG_ON(!len || len > sg->length);
+
+		memcpy(buf, page_address(sg_page(sg)) + start, len);
+
+		count += len;
+		pos += len;
+
+		buf += len;
+		rem -= len;
+		if (!rem) {
+			WRITE_ONCE(error->fit, sg);
+			break;
+		}
+	} while (!sg_is_last(sg++));
+
+	return count;
 }
 
 static void i915_error_object_free(struct drm_i915_error_object *obj)
@@ -944,6 +1020,7 @@ void __i915_gpu_state_free(struct kref *error_ref)
 	cleanup_params(error);
 	cleanup_uc_state(error);
 
+	err_free_sgl(error->sgl);
 	kfree(error);
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gpu_error.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gpu_error.h
index 3ec89a504de52..ff2652bbb0b08 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gpu_error.h
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gpu_error.h
@@ -192,6 +192,8 @@ struct i915_gpu_state {
 	} *active_bo[I915_NUM_ENGINES], *pinned_bo;
 	u32 active_bo_count[I915_NUM_ENGINES], pinned_bo_count;
 	struct i915_address_space *active_vm[I915_NUM_ENGINES];
+
+	struct scatterlist *sgl, *fit;
 };
 
 struct i915_gpu_error {
@@ -298,29 +300,20 @@ struct i915_gpu_error {
 
 struct drm_i915_error_state_buf {
 	struct drm_i915_private *i915;
-	unsigned int bytes;
-	unsigned int size;
+	struct scatterlist *sgl, *cur, *end;
+
+	char *buf;
+	size_t bytes;
+	size_t size;
+	loff_t iter;
+
 	int err;
-	u8 *buf;
-	loff_t start;
-	loff_t pos;
 };
 
 #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DRM_I915_CAPTURE_ERROR)
 
 __printf(2, 3)
 void i915_error_printf(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *e, const char *f, ...);
-int i915_error_state_to_str(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *estr,
-			    const struct i915_gpu_state *gpu);
-int i915_error_state_buf_init(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *eb,
-			      struct drm_i915_private *i915,
-			      size_t count, loff_t pos);
-
-static inline void
-i915_error_state_buf_release(struct drm_i915_error_state_buf *eb)
-{
-	kfree(eb->buf);
-}
 
 struct i915_gpu_state *i915_capture_gpu_state(struct drm_i915_private *i915);
 void i915_capture_error_state(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv,
@@ -334,6 +327,9 @@ i915_gpu_state_get(struct i915_gpu_state *gpu)
 	return gpu;
 }
 
+ssize_t i915_gpu_state_copy_to_buffer(struct i915_gpu_state *error,
+				      char *buf, loff_t offset, size_t count);
+
 void __i915_gpu_state_free(struct kref *kref);
 static inline void i915_gpu_state_put(struct i915_gpu_state *gpu)
 {
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_sysfs.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_sysfs.c
index e5e6f6bb2b05a..ae63a7d0f51df 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_sysfs.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_sysfs.c
@@ -516,26 +516,21 @@ static ssize_t error_state_read(struct file *filp, struct kobject *kobj,
 {
 
 	struct device *kdev = kobj_to_dev(kobj);
-	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = kdev_minor_to_i915(kdev);
-	struct drm_i915_error_state_buf error_str;
+	struct drm_i915_private *i915 = kdev_minor_to_i915(kdev);
 	struct i915_gpu_state *gpu;
 	ssize_t ret;
 
-	ret = i915_error_state_buf_init(&error_str, dev_priv, count, off);
-	if (ret)
-		return ret;
-
-	gpu = i915_first_error_state(dev_priv);
-	ret = i915_error_state_to_str(&error_str, gpu);
-	if (ret)
-		goto out;
-
-	ret = count < error_str.bytes ? count : error_str.bytes;
-	memcpy(buf, error_str.buf, ret);
+	gpu = i915_first_error_state(i915);
+	if (gpu) {
+		ret = i915_gpu_state_copy_to_buffer(gpu, buf, off, count);
+		i915_gpu_state_put(gpu);
+	} else {
+		const char *str = "No error state collected\n";
+		size_t len = strlen(str);
 
-out:
-	i915_gpu_state_put(gpu);
-	i915_error_state_buf_release(&error_str);
+		ret = min_t(size_t, count, len - off);
+		memcpy(buf, str + off, ret);
+	}
 
 	return ret;
 }