Metrics API

Status: Stable

Table of Contents

Overview
MeterProvider
- MeterProvider operations
  - Get a Meter
Meter
- Meter operations
Instrument
Measurement
- Multiple-instrument callbacks
Compatibility requirements
Concurrency requirements

Overview

The Metrics API consists of these main components:

MeterProvider is the entry point of the API. It provides access to Meters.
Meter is the class responsible for creating Instruments.
Instrument is responsible for reporting Measurements.

Here is an example of the object hierarchy inside a process instrumented with the metrics API:

+-- MeterProvider(default)
    |
    +-- Meter(name='io.opentelemetry.runtime', version='1.0.0')
    |   |
    |   +-- Instrument<Asynchronous Gauge, int>(name='cpython.gc', attributes=['generation'], unit='kB')
    |   |
    |   +-- instruments...
    |
    +-- Meter(name='io.opentelemetry.contrib.mongodb.client', version='2.3.0')
        |
        +-- Instrument<Counter, int>(name='client.exception', attributes=['type'], unit='1')
        |
        +-- Instrument<Histogram, double>(name='client.duration', attributes=['net.peer.host', 'net.peer.port'], unit='ms')
        |
        +-- instruments...

+-- MeterProvider(custom)
    |
    +-- Meter(name='bank.payment', version='23.3.5')
        |
        +-- instruments...

MeterProvider

Meters can be accessed with a MeterProvider.

In implementations of the API, the MeterProvider is expected to be the stateful object that holds any configuration.

Normally, the MeterProvider is expected to be accessed from a central place. Thus, the API SHOULD provide a way to set/register and access a global default MeterProvider.

Notwithstanding any global MeterProvider, some applications may want to or have to use multiple MeterProvider instances, e.g. to have different configuration for each, or because its easier with dependency injection frameworks. Thus, implementations of MeterProvider SHOULD allow creating an arbitrary number of MeterProvider instances.

MeterProvider operations

The MeterProvider MUST provide the following functions:

Get a Meter

Get a Meter

This API MUST accept the following parameters:

name (required): This name SHOULD uniquely identify the instrumentation scope, such as the instrumentation library (e.g. io.opentelemetry.contrib.mongodb), package, module or class name. If an application or library has built-in OpenTelemetry instrumentation, both Instrumented library and Instrumentation library may refer to the same library. In that scenario, the name denotes a module name or component name within that library or application. In case an invalid name (null or empty string) is specified, a working Meter implementation MUST be returned as a fallback rather than returning null or throwing an exception, its name property SHOULD keep the original invalid value, and a message reporting that the specified value is invalid SHOULD be logged. A library, implementing the OpenTelemetry API may also ignore this name and return a default instance for all calls, if it does not support "named" functionality (e.g. an implementation which is not even observability-related). A MeterProvider could also return a no-op Meter here if application owners configure the SDK to suppress telemetry produced by this library.
version (optional): Specifies the version of the instrumentation scope if the scope has a version (e.g. a library version). Example value: 1.0.0.
[since 1.4.0] schema_url (optional): Specifies the Schema URL that should be recorded in the emitted telemetry.
[since 1.13.0] attributes (optional): Specifies the instrumentation scope attributes to associate with emitted telemetry.

Meters are identified by name, version, and schema_url fields. When more than one Meter of the same name, version, and schema_url is created, it is unspecified whether or under which conditions the same or different Meter instances are returned. It is a user error to create Meters with different attributes but the same identity.

The term identical applied to Meters describes instances where all identifying fields are equal. The term distinct applied to Meters describes instances where at least one identifying field has a different value.

Implementations MUST NOT require users to repeatedly obtain a Meter with the same identity to pick up configuration changes. This can be achieved either by allowing to work with an outdated configuration or by ensuring that new configuration applies also to previously returned Meters.

Note: This could, for example, be implemented by storing any mutable configuration in the MeterProvider and having Meter implementation objects have a reference to the MeterProvider from which they were obtained. If configuration must be stored per-meter (such as disabling a certain meter), the meter could, for example, do a look-up with its identity in a map in the MeterProvider, or the MeterProvider could maintain a registry of all returned Meters and actively update their configuration if it changes.

The effect of associating a Schema URL with a Meter MUST be that the telemetry emitted using the Meter will be associated with the Schema URL, provided that the emitted data format is capable of representing such association.

Meter

The meter is responsible for creating Instruments.

Note: Meter SHOULD NOT be responsible for the configuration. This should be the responsibility of the MeterProvider instead.

Meter operations

The Meter MUST provide functions to create new Instruments:

Create a new Counter
Create a new Asynchronous Counter
Create a new Histogram
Create a new Asynchronous Gauge
Create a new UpDownCounter
Create a new Asynchronous UpDownCounter

Also see the respective sections below for more information on instrument creation.

Instrument

Instruments are used to report Measurements. Each Instrument will have the following fields:

The name of the Instrument
The kind of the Instrument - whether it is a Counter or one of the other kinds, whether it is synchronous or asynchronous
An optional unit of measure
An optional description

Instruments are associated with the Meter during creation. Instruments are identified by all of these fields.

Language-level features such as the distinction between integer and floating point numbers SHOULD be considered as identifying.

General characteristics

Instrument type conflict detection

When more than one Instrument of the same name is created for identical Meters, denoted duplicate instrument registration, the implementation MUST create a valid Instrument in every case. Here, "valid" means an instrument that is functional and can be expected to export data, despite potentially creating a semantic error in the data model.

It is unspecified whether or under which conditions the same or different Instrument instance will be returned as a result of duplicate instrument registration. The term identical applied to Instruments describes instances where all identifying fields are equal. The term distinct applied to Instruments describes instances where at least one field value is different.

When more than one distinct Instrument is registered with the same name for identical Meters, the implementation SHOULD emit a warning to the user informing them of duplicate registration conflict(s). The warning helps to avoid the semantic error state described in the OpenTelemetry Metrics data model when more than one Metric is written for a given instrument name and Meter identity by the same MeterProvider.

Instrument namespace

Distinct Meters MUST be treated as separate namespaces for the purposes of detecting duplicate instrument registration conflicts.

Instrument naming rule

Instrument names MUST conform to the following syntax (described using the Augmented Backus-Naur Form):

instrument-name = ALPHA 0*62 ("_" / "." / "-" / ALPHA / DIGIT)

ALPHA = %x41-5A / %x61-7A; A-Z / a-z
DIGIT = %x30-39 ; 0-9

They are not null or empty strings.
They are case-insensitive, ASCII strings.
The first character must be an alphabetic character.
Subsequent characters must belong to the alphanumeric characters, '_', '.', and '-'.
They can have a maximum length of 63 characters.

Instrument unit

The unit is an optional string provided by the author of the Instrument. It SHOULD be treated as an opaque string from the API and SDK (e.g. the SDK is not expected to validate the unit of measurement, or perform the unit conversion).

If the unit is not provided or the unit is null, the API and SDK MUST make sure that the behavior is the same as an empty unit string.
It MUST be case-sensitive (e.g. kb and kB are different units), ASCII string.
It can have a maximum length of 63 characters. The number 63 is chosen to allow the unit strings (including the \0 terminator on certain language runtimes) to be stored and compared as fixed size array/struct when performance is critical.

Instrument description

The description is an optional free-form text provided by the author of the instrument. It MUST be treated as an opaque string from the API and SDK.

If the description is not provided or the description is null, the API and SDK MUST make sure that the behavior is the same as an empty description string.
It MUST support BMP (Unicode Plane 0), which is basically only the first three bytes of UTF-8 (or utf8mb3). OpenTelemetry API authors MAY decide if they want to support more Unicode Planes.
It MUST support at least 1023 characters. OpenTelemetry API authors MAY decide if they want to support more.

Instruments are categorized on whether they are synchronous or asynchronous:

Synchronous and Asynchronous instruments

Synchronous instruments (e.g. Counter) are meant to be invoked inline with application/business processing logic. For example, an HTTP client could use a Counter to record the number of bytes it has received. Measurements recorded by synchronous instruments can be associated with the Context.
Asynchronous instruments (e.g. Asynchronous Gauge) give the user a way to register callback function, and the callback function will be invoked only on demand (see SDK collection for reference). For example, a piece of embedded software could use an asynchronous gauge to collect the temperature from a sensor every 15 seconds, which means the callback function will only be invoked every 15 seconds. Measurements recorded by asynchronous instruments cannot be associated with the Context.

Please note that the term synchronous and asynchronous have nothing to do with the asynchronous pattern.

Synchronous Instrument API

The API to construct synchronous instruments MUST accept the following parameters:

The name of the Instrument, following the instrument naming rule.
An optional unit of measure, following the instrument unit rule.
An optional description, following the instrument description rule.

Asynchronous Instrument API

Asynchronous instruments have associated callback functions which are responsible for reporting Measurements. Callback functions will be called only when the Meter is being observed. The order of callback execution is not specified.

The API to construct asynchronous instruments MUST accept the following parameters:

The name of the Instrument, following the instrument naming rule.
An optional unit of measure, following the instrument unit rule.
An optional description, following the instrument description rule.
Zero or more callback functions, responsible for reporting Measurement values of the created instrument.

The API MUST support creation of asynchronous instruments by passing zero or more callback functions to be permanently registered to the newly created instrument.

A Callback is the conceptual entity created each time a callback function is registered through an OpenTelemetry API.

The API SHOULD support registration of callback functions associated with asynchronous instruments after they are created.

Where the API supports registration of callback functions after asynchronous instrumentation creation, the user MUST be able to undo registration of the specific callback after its registration by some means.

Every currently registered Callback associated with a set of instruments MUST be evaluated exactly once during collection prior to reading data for that instrument set.

Callback functions MUST be documented as follows for the end user:

Callback functions SHOULD be reentrant safe. The SDK expects to evaluate callbacks for each MetricReader independently.
Callback functions SHOULD NOT take an indefinite amount of time.
Callback functions SHOULD NOT make duplicate observations (more than one Measurement with the same attributes) across all registered callbacks.

The resulting behavior when a callback violates any of these RECOMMENDATIONS is explicitly not specified at the API level.

OpenTelemetry API authors MAY decide what is the idiomatic approach for capturing measurements from callback functions. Here are some examples:

Return a list (or tuple, generator, enumerator, etc.) of individual Measurement values.
Pass an Observable Result as a formal parameter of the callback, where result.Observe() captures individual Measurement values.

Callbacks registered at the time of instrument creation MUST apply to the single instruments which is under construction.

Callbacks registered after the time of instrument creation MAY be associated with multiple instruments.

Idiomatic APIs for multiple-instrument Callbacks MUST distinguish the instrument associated with each observed Measurement value.

Multiple-instrument Callbacks MUST be associated at the time of registration with a declared set of asynchronous instruments from the same Meter instance. This requirement that Instruments be declaratively associated with Callbacks allows an SDK to execute only those Callbacks that are necessary to evaluate instruments that are in use by a configured View.

The API MUST treat observations from a single Callback as logically taking place at a single instant, such that when recorded, observations from a single callback MUST be reported with identical timestamps.

The API SHOULD provide some way to pass state to the callback. OpenTelemetry API authors MAY decide what is the idiomatic approach (e.g. it could be an additional parameter to the callback function, or captured by the lambda closure, or something else).

Counter

Counter is a synchronous Instrument which supports non-negative increments.

Example uses for Counter:

count the number of bytes received
count the number of requests completed
count the number of accounts created
count the number of checkpoints run
count the number of HTTP 5xx errors

Counter creation

There MUST NOT be any API for creating a Counter other than with a Meter. This MAY be called CreateCounter. If strong type is desired, OpenTelemetry API authors MAY decide the language idiomatic name(s), for example CreateUInt64Counter, CreateDoubleCounter, CreateCounter<UInt64>, CreateCounter<double>.

See the general requirements for synchronous instruments.

Here are some examples that OpenTelemetry API authors might consider:

# Python

exception_counter = meter.create_counter(name="exceptions", description="number of exceptions caught", value_type=int)

// C#

var counterExceptions = meter.CreateCounter<UInt64>("exceptions", description="number of exceptions caught");

readonly struct PowerConsumption
{
    [HighCardinality]
    string customer;
};

var counterPowerUsed = meter.CreateCounter<double, PowerConsumption>("power_consumption", unit="kWh");

Counter operations

Add

Increment the Counter by a fixed amount.

This API SHOULD NOT return a value (it MAY return a dummy value if required by certain programming languages or systems, for example null, undefined).

Required parameters:

Optional attributes.
The increment amount, which MUST be a non-negative numeric value.

The OpenTelemetry API authors MAY decide to allow flexible attributes to be passed in as arguments. If the attribute names and types are provided during the counter creation, the OpenTelemetry API authors MAY allow attribute values to be passed in using a more efficient way (e.g. strong typed struct allocated on the callstack, tuple). The API MUST allow callers to provide flexible attributes at invocation time rather than having to register all the possible attribute names during the instrument creation. Here are some examples that OpenTelemetry API authors might consider:

# Python

exception_counter.add(1, {"exception_type": "IOError", "handled_by_user": True})
exception_counter.add(1, exception_type="IOError", handled_by_user=True)

// C#

counterExceptions.Add(1, ("exception_type", "FileLoadException"), ("handled_by_user", true));

counterPowerUsed.Add(13.5, new PowerConsumption { customer = "Tom" });
counterPowerUsed.Add(200, new PowerConsumption { customer = "Jerry" }, ("is_green_energy", true));

Asynchronous Counter

Asynchronous Counter is an asynchronous Instrument which reports monotonically increasing value(s) when the instrument is being observed.

Example uses for Asynchronous Counter:

CPU time, which could be reported for each thread, each process or the entire system. For example "the CPU time for process A running in user mode, measured in seconds".
The number of page faults for each process.

Asynchronous Counter creation

There MUST NOT be any API for creating an Asynchronous Counter other than with a Meter. This MAY be called CreateObservableCounter. If strong type is desired, OpenTelemetry API authors MAY decide the language idiomatic name(s), for example CreateUInt64ObservableCounter, CreateDoubleObservableCounter, CreateObservableCounter<UInt64>, CreateObservableCounter<double>.

It is highly recommended that implementations use the name ObservableCounter (or any language idiomatic variation, e.g. observable_counter) unless there is a strong reason not to do so. Please note that the name has nothing to do with asynchronous pattern and observer pattern.

See the general requirements for asynchronous instruments.

Note: Unlike Counter.Add() which takes the increment/delta value, the callback function reports the absolute value of the counter. To determine the reported rate the counter is changing, the difference between successive measurements is used.

OpenTelemetry API authors MAY decide what is the idiomatic approach. Here are some examples:

Return a list (or tuple, generator, enumerator, etc.) of Measurements.
Use an observable result argument to allow individual Measurements to be reported.

User code is recommended not to provide more than one Measurement with the same attributes in a single callback. If it happens, OpenTelemetry SDK authors MAY decide how to handle it in the SDK. For example, during the callback invocation if two measurements value=1, attributes={pid:4, bitness:64} and value=2, attributes={pid:4, bitness:64} are reported, OpenTelemetry SDK authors MAY decide to simply let them pass through (so the downstream consumer can handle duplication), drop the entire data, pick the last one, or something else. The API MUST treat observations from a single callback as logically taking place at a single instant, such that when recorded, observations from a single callback MUST be reported with identical timestamps.

The API SHOULD provide some way to pass state to the callback. OpenTelemetry API authors MAY decide what is the idiomatic approach (e.g. it could be an additional parameter to the callback function, or captured by the lambda closure, or something else).

Here are some examples that OpenTelemetry API authors might consider:

# Python

def pf_callback():
    # Note: in the real world these would be retrieved from the operating system
    return (
        (8,        ("pid", 0),   ("bitness", 64)),
        (37741921, ("pid", 4),   ("bitness", 64)),
        (10465,    ("pid", 880), ("bitness", 32)),
    )

meter.create_observable_counter(name="PF", description="process page faults", pf_callback)

# Python

def pf_callback(result):
    # Note: in the real world these would be retrieved from the operating system
    result.Observe(8,        ("pid", 0),   ("bitness", 64))
    result.Observe(37741921, ("pid", 4),   ("bitness", 64))
    result.Observe(10465,    ("pid", 880), ("bitness", 32))

meter.create_observable_counter(name="PF", description="process page faults", pf_callback)

// C#

// A simple scenario where only one value is reported

interface IAtomicClock
{
    UInt64 GetCaesiumOscillates();
}

IAtomicClock clock = AtomicClock.Connect();

meter.CreateObservableCounter<UInt64>("caesium_oscillates", () => clock.GetCaesiumOscillates());

Asynchronous Counter operations

Asynchronous Counter uses an idiomatic interface for reporting measurements through a callback, which is registered during Asynchronous Counter creation.

For callback functions registered after an asynchronous instrument is created, the API is required to support a mechanism for unregistration. For example, the object returned from register_callback can support an unregister() method directly.

# Python
class Device:
    """A device with one counter"""

    def __init__(self, meter, x):
        self.x = x
        counter = meter.create_observable_counter(name="usage", description="count of items used")
        self.cb = counter.register_callback(self.counter_callback)

    def counter_callback(self, result):
        result.Observe(self.read_counter(), {'x', self.x})

    def read_counter(self):
        return 100  # ...

    def stop(self):
        self.cb.unregister()

Histogram

Histogram is a synchronous Instrument which can be used to report arbitrary values that are likely to be statistically meaningful. It is intended for statistics such as histograms, summaries, and percentile.

Example uses for Histogram:

the request duration
the size of the response payload

Histogram creation

There MUST NOT be any API for creating a Histogram other than with a Meter. This MAY be called CreateHistogram. If strong type is desired, OpenTelemetry API authors MAY decide the language idiomatic name(s), for example CreateUInt64Histogram, CreateDoubleHistogram, CreateHistogram<UInt64>, CreateHistogram<double>.

See the general requirements for synchronous instruments.

Here are some examples that OpenTelemetry API authors might consider:

# Python

http_server_duration = meter.create_histogram(
    name="http.server.duration",
    description="measures the duration of the inbound HTTP request",
    unit="milliseconds",
    value_type=float)

// C#

var httpServerDuration = meter.CreateHistogram<double>(
    "http.server.duration",
    description: "measures the duration of the inbound HTTP request",
    unit: "milliseconds"
    );

Histogram operations

Record

Updates the statistics with the specified amount.

This API SHOULD NOT return a value (it MAY return a dummy value if required by certain programming languages or systems, for example null, undefined).

Parameters:

The amount of the Measurement, which MUST be a non-negative numeric value.
Optional attributes.

OpenTelemetry API authors MAY decide to allow flexible attributes to be passed in as individual arguments. OpenTelemetry API authors MAY allow attribute values to be passed in using a more efficient way (e.g. strong typed struct allocated on the callstack, tuple). Here are some examples that OpenTelemetry API authors might consider:

# Python

http_server_duration.Record(50, {"http.method": "POST", "http.scheme": "https"})
http_server_duration.Record(100, http_method="GET", http_scheme="http")

// C#

httpServerDuration.Record(50, ("http.method", "POST"), ("http.scheme", "https"));
httpServerDuration.Record(100, new HttpRequestAttributes { method = "GET", scheme = "http" });

Asynchronous Gauge

Asynchronous Gauge is an asynchronous Instrument which reports non-additive value(s) (e.g. the room temperature - it makes no sense to report the temperature value from multiple rooms and sum them up) when the instrument is being observed.

Note: if the values are additive (e.g. the process heap size - it makes sense to report the heap size from multiple processes and sum them up, so we get the total heap usage), use Asynchronous Counter or Asynchronous UpDownCounter.

Example uses for Asynchronous Gauge:

the current room temperature
the CPU fan speed

Asynchronous Gauge creation

There MUST NOT be any API for creating an Asynchronous Gauge other than with a Meter. This MAY be called CreateObservableGauge. If strong type is desired, OpenTelemetry API authors MAY decide the language idiomatic name(s), for example CreateUInt64ObservableGauge, CreateDoubleObservableGauge, CreateObservableGauge<UInt64>, CreateObservableGauge<double>.

It is highly recommended that implementations use the name ObservableGauge (or any language idiomatic variation, e.g. observable_gauge) unless there is a strong reason not to do so. Please note that the name has nothing to do with asynchronous pattern and observer pattern.

See the general requirements for asynchronous instruments.

Here are some examples that OpenTelemetry API authors might consider:

# Python

def cpu_frequency_callback():
    # Note: in the real world these would be retrieved from the operating system
    return (
        (3.38, ("cpu", 0), ("core", 0)),
        (3.51, ("cpu", 0), ("core", 1)),
        (0.57, ("cpu", 1), ("core", 0)),
        (0.56, ("cpu", 1), ("core", 1)),
    )

meter.create_observable_gauge(
    name="cpu.frequency",
    description="the real-time CPU clock speed",
    callback=cpu_frequency_callback,
    unit="GHz",
    value_type=float)

# Python

def cpu_frequency_callback(result):
    # Note: in the real world these would be retrieved from the operating system
    result.Observe(3.38, ("cpu", 0), ("core", 0))
    result.Observe(3.51, ("cpu", 0), ("core", 1))
    result.Observe(0.57, ("cpu", 1), ("core", 0))
    result.Observe(0.56, ("cpu", 1), ("core", 1))

meter.create_observable_gauge(
    name="cpu.frequency",
    description="the real-time CPU clock speed",
    callback=cpu_frequency_callback,
    unit="GHz",
    value_type=float)

// C#

// A simple scenario where only one value is reported

meter.CreateObservableGauge<double>("temperature", () => sensor.GetTemperature());

Asynchronous Gauge operations

Asynchronous Gauge uses an idiomatic interface for reporting measurements through a callback, which is registered during Asynchronous Gauge creation.

For callback functions registered after an asynchronous instrument is created, the API is required to support a mechanism for unregistration. For example, the object returned from register_callback can support an unregister() method directly.

# Python
class Device:
    """A device with one gauge"""

    def __init__(self, meter, x):
        self.x = x
        gauge = meter.create_observable_gauge(name="pressure", description="force/area")
        self.cb = gauge.register_callback(self.gauge_callback)

    def gauge_callback(self, result):
        result.Observe(self.read_gauge(), {'x', self.x})

    def read_gauge(self):
        return 100  # ...

    def stop(self):
        self.cb.unregister()

UpDownCounter

UpDownCounter is a synchronous Instrument which supports increments and decrements.

Note: if the value is monotonically increasing, use Counter instead.

Example uses for UpDownCounter:

the number of active requests
the number of items in a queue

An UpDownCounter is intended for scenarios where the absolute values are not pre-calculated, or fetching the "current value" requires extra effort. If the pre-calculated value is already available or fetching the snapshot of the "current value" is straightforward, use Asynchronous UpDownCounter instead.

UpDownCounter supports counting the size of a collection incrementally, e.g. reporting the number of items in a concurrent bag by the "color" and "material" properties as they are added and removed.

Color	Material	Count
Red	Aluminum	1
Red	Steel	2
Blue	Aluminum	0
Blue	Steel	5
Yellow	Aluminum	0
Yellow	Steel	3

# Python

items_counter = meter.create_up_down_counter(
    name="store.inventory",
    description="the number of the items available")

def restock_item(color, material):
    inventory.add_item(color=color, material=material)
    items_counter.add(1, {"color": color, "material": material})
    return true

def sell_item(color, material):
    succeeded = inventory.take_item(color=color, material=material)
    if succeeded:
        items_counter.add(-1, {"color": color, "material": material})
    return succeeded

UpDownCounter creation

There MUST NOT be any API for creating an UpDownCounter other than with a Meter. This MAY be called CreateUpDownCounter. If strong type is desired, OpenTelemetry API authors MAY decide the language idiomatic name(s), for example CreateInt64UpDownCounter, CreateDoubleUpDownCounter, CreateUpDownCounter<Int64>, CreateUpDownCounter<double>.

See the general requirements for synchronous instruments.

Here are some examples that OpenTelemetry API authors might consider:

# Python

customers_in_store = meter.create_up_down_counter(
    name="grocery.customers",
    description="measures the current customers in the grocery store",
    value_type=int)

// C#

var customersInStore = meter.CreateUpDownCounter<int>(
    "grocery.customers",
    description: "measures the current customers in the grocery store",
    );

UpDownCounter operations

Add

Increment or decrement the UpDownCounter by a fixed amount.

This API SHOULD NOT return a value (it MAY return a dummy value if required by certain programming languages or systems, for example null, undefined).

Parameters:

The amount to be added, can be positive, negative or zero.
Optional attributes.

OpenTelemetry API authors MAY decide to allow flexible attributes to be passed in as individual arguments. OpenTelemetry API authors MAY allow attribute values to be passed in using a more efficient way (e.g. strong typed struct allocated on the callstack, tuple). Here are some examples that OpenTelemetry API authors might consider:

# Python
customers_in_store.add(1, {"account.type": "commercial"})
customers_in_store.add(-1, account_type="residential")

// C#
customersInStore.Add(1, ("account.type", "commercial"));
customersInStore.Add(-1, new Account { Type = "residential" });

Asynchronous UpDownCounter

Asynchronous UpDownCounter is an asynchronous Instrument which reports additive value(s) (e.g. the process heap size - it makes sense to report the heap size from multiple processes and sum them up, so we get the total heap usage) when the instrument is being observed.

Note: if the value is monotonically increasing, use Asynchronous Counter instead; if the value is non-additive, use Asynchronous Gauge instead.

Example uses for Asynchronous UpDownCounter:

the process heap size
the approximate number of items in a lock-free circular buffer

Asynchronous UpDownCounter creation

There MUST NOT be any API for creating an Asynchronous UpDownCounter other than with a Meter. This MAY be called CreateObservableUpDownCounter. If strong type is desired, OpenTelemetry API authors MAY decide the language idiomatic name(s), for example CreateUInt64ObservableUpDownCounter, CreateDoubleObservableUpDownCounter, CreateObservableUpDownCounter<UInt64>, CreateObservableUpDownCounter<double>.

It is highly recommended that implementations use the name ObservableUpDownCounter (or any language idiomatic variation, e.g. observable_updowncounter) unless there is a strong reason not to do so. Please note that the name has nothing to do with asynchronous pattern and observer pattern.

See the general requirements for asynchronous instruments.

Note: Unlike UpDownCounter.Add() which takes the increment/delta value, the callback function reports the absolute value of the Asynchronous UpDownCounter. To determine the reported rate the Asynchronous UpDownCounter is changing, the difference between successive measurements is used.

Here are some examples that OpenTelemetry API authors might consider:

# Python

def ws_callback():
    # Note: in the real world these would be retrieved from the operating system
    return (
        (8,      ("pid", 0),   ("bitness", 64)),
        (20,     ("pid", 4),   ("bitness", 64)),
        (126032, ("pid", 880), ("bitness", 32)),
    )

meter.create_observable_updowncounter(
    name="process.workingset",
    description="process working set",
    callback=ws_callback,
    unit="kB",
    value_type=int)

# Python

def ws_callback(result):
    # Note: in the real world these would be retrieved from the operating system
    result.Observe(8,      ("pid", 0),   ("bitness", 64))
    result.Observe(20,     ("pid", 4),   ("bitness", 64))
    result.Observe(126032, ("pid", 880), ("bitness", 32))

meter.create_observable_updowncounter(
    name="process.workingset",
    description="process working set",
    callback=ws_callback,
    unit="kB",
    value_type=int)

// C#

// A simple scenario where only one value is reported

meter.CreateObservableUpDownCounter<UInt64>("memory.physical.free", () => WMI.Query("FreePhysicalMemory"));

Asynchronous UpDownCounter operations

Asynchronous UpDownCounter uses an idiomatic interface for reporting measurements through a callback, which is registered during Asynchronous Updowncounter creation.

For callback functions registered after an asynchronous instrument is created, the API is required to support a mechanism for unregistration. For example, the object returned from register_callback can support an unregister() method directly.

# Python
class Device:
    """A device with one updowncounter"""

    def __init__(self, meter, x):
        self.x = x
        updowncounter = meter.create_observable_updowncounter(name="queue_size", description="items in process")
        self.cb = updowncounter.register_callback(self.updowncounter_callback)

    def updowncounter_callback(self, result):
        result.Observe(self.read_updowncounter(), {'x', self.x})

    def read_updowncounter(self):
        return 100  # ...

    def stop(self):
        self.cb.unregister()

Measurement

A Measurement represents a data point reported via the metrics API to the SDK. Please refer to the Metrics Programming Model for the interaction between the API and SDK.

Measurements encapsulate:

A value
Attributes

Multiple-instrument callbacks

The Metrics API MAY support an interface allowing the use of multiple instruments from a single registered Callback. The API to register a new Callback SHOULD accept:

A callback function
A list (or tuple, etc.) of Instruments used in the callback function.

It is RECOMMENDED that the API authors use one of the following forms for the callback function:

The list (or tuple, etc.) returned by the callback function contains (Instrument, Measurement) pairs.
the Observable Result parameter receives an additional (Instrument, Measurement) pairs

This interface is typically a more performant way to report multiple measurements when they are obtained through an expensive process, such as reading /proc files or probing the garbage collection subsystem.

For example,

# Python
class Device:
    """A device with two instruments"""

    def __init__(self, meter, property):
        self.property = property
        self.usage = meter.create_observable_counter(name="usage", description="count of items used")
        self.pressure = meter.create_observable_gauge(name="pressure", description="force per unit area")

        # Note the two associated instruments are passed to the callback.
        meter.register_callback([self.usage, self.pressure], self.observe)

    def observe(self, result):
        usage, pressure = expensive_system_call()
        result.observe(self.usage, usage, {'property', self.property})
        result.observe(self.pressure, pressure, {'property', self.property})

Compatibility requirements

All the metrics components SHOULD allow new APIs to be added to existing components without introducing breaking changes.

All the metrics APIs SHOULD allow optional parameter(s) to be added to existing APIs without introducing breaking changes, if possible.

Concurrency requirements

For languages which support concurrent execution the Metrics APIs provide specific guarantees and safeties.

MeterProvider - all methods are safe to be called concurrently.

Meter - all methods are safe to be called concurrently.

Instrument - All methods of any Instrument are safe to be called concurrently.

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Metrics API

Overview

MeterProvider

MeterProvider operations

Get a Meter

Meter

Meter operations

Instrument

General characteristics

Instrument type conflict detection

Instrument namespace

Instrument naming rule

Instrument unit

Instrument description

Synchronous and Asynchronous instruments

Synchronous Instrument API

Asynchronous Instrument API

Counter

Counter creation

Counter operations

Add

Asynchronous Counter

Asynchronous Counter creation

Asynchronous Counter operations

Histogram

Histogram creation

Histogram operations

Record

Asynchronous Gauge

Asynchronous Gauge creation

Asynchronous Gauge operations

UpDownCounter

UpDownCounter creation

UpDownCounter operations

Add

Asynchronous UpDownCounter

Asynchronous UpDownCounter creation

Asynchronous UpDownCounter operations

Measurement

Multiple-instrument callbacks

Compatibility requirements

Concurrency requirements