diff --git a/.ci/localhost_ansible_tests.py b/.ci/localhost_ansible_tests.py
index c50ef220a..c36bad269 100755
--- a/.ci/localhost_ansible_tests.py
+++ b/.ci/localhost_ansible_tests.py
@@ -93,5 +93,5 @@
 with ci_lib.Fold('ansible'):
     os.chdir(TESTS_DIR)
     playbook = os.environ.get('PLAYBOOK', 'all.yml')
-    ci_lib.run('./run_ansible_playbook.py %s -l target %s',
+    ci_lib.run('./run_ansible_playbook.py %s %s',
         playbook, ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]))
diff --git a/ansible_mitogen/connection.py b/ansible_mitogen/connection.py
index dfc3aec40..6bdf11baf 100644
--- a/ansible_mitogen/connection.py
+++ b/ansible_mitogen/connection.py
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ def _connect_ssh(spec):
     """
     Return ContextService arguments for an SSH connection.
     """
-    if C.HOST_KEY_CHECKING:
+    if spec.host_key_checking():
         check_host_keys = 'enforce'
     else:
         check_host_keys = 'ignore'
diff --git a/ansible_mitogen/transport_config.py b/ansible_mitogen/transport_config.py
index 1fc1e80a1..3ab623f89 100644
--- a/ansible_mitogen/transport_config.py
+++ b/ansible_mitogen/transport_config.py
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 import ansible.constants as C
 
 from ansible.module_utils.six import with_metaclass
+from ansible.module_utils.parsing.convert_bool import boolean
 
 # this was added in Ansible >= 2.8.0; fallback to the default interpreter if necessary
 try:
@@ -245,6 +246,12 @@ def python_path(self):
         Path to the Python interpreter on the target machine.
         """
 
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def host_key_checking(self):
+        """
+        Whether or not to check the keys of the target machine
+        """
+
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def private_key_file(self):
         """
@@ -466,6 +473,14 @@ def python_path(self, rediscover_python=False):
             action=self._action,
             rediscover_python=rediscover_python)
 
+    def host_key_checking(self):
+        def candidates():
+            yield self._connection.get_task_var('ansible_ssh_host_key_checking')
+            yield self._connection.get_task_var('ansible_host_key_checking')
+            yield C.HOST_KEY_CHECKING
+        val = next((v for v in candidates() if v is not None), True)
+        return boolean(val)
+
     def private_key_file(self):
         return self._play_context.private_key_file
 
@@ -692,6 +707,14 @@ def python_path(self, rediscover_python=False):
             action=self._action,
             rediscover_python=rediscover_python)
 
+    def host_key_checking(self):
+        def candidates():
+            yield self._host_vars.get('ansible_ssh_host_key_checking')
+            yield self._host_vars.get('ansible_host_key_checking')
+            yield C.HOST_KEY_CHECKING
+        val = next((v for v in candidates() if v is not None), True)
+        return boolean(val)
+
     def private_key_file(self):
         # TODO: must come from PlayContext too.
         return (
diff --git a/docs/changelog.rst b/docs/changelog.rst
index 407a8c78e..5d77910e8 100644
--- a/docs/changelog.rst
+++ b/docs/changelog.rst
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ Unreleased
 * :gh:issue:`952` Fix Ansible `--ask-become-pass`, add test coverage
 * :gh:issue:`957` Fix Ansible exception when executing against 10s of hosts
   "ValueError: filedescriptor out of range in select()"
+* :gh:issue:`1066` Support Ansible `ansible_host_key_checking` & `ansible_ssh_host_key_checking`
 
 
 v0.3.7 (2024-04-08)
diff --git a/tests/ansible/ansible.cfg b/tests/ansible/ansible.cfg
index c34dd2193..537b50590 100644
--- a/tests/ansible/ansible.cfg
+++ b/tests/ansible/ansible.cfg
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 [defaults]
 any_errors_fatal = true
-# callback_whitelist naming will be deprecated in ansible-core >= 2.15.
-# callbacks_enabled naming was added in ansible-core 2.11
+# callbacks_enabled was added in Ansible 4 (ansible-core 2.11).
 # profile_tasks: Displays timing for each task and summary table of top N tasks
 # timer: Displays "Playbook run took 0 days, 0 hours, ..."
+callbacks_enabled =
+    profile_tasks,
+    timer
+# callback_whitelist was deprecated in Ansible >= 8 (ansible-core >= 2.15).
 callback_whitelist =
     profile_tasks,
     timer
@@ -37,7 +40,9 @@ no_target_syslog = True
 # Required by integration/ssh/timeouts.yml
 timeout = 30
 
-# On Travis, paramiko check fails due to host key checking enabled.
+# Ideally this would be true here and and overridden for hosts/groups. However
+# ansible_host_key_checking don't work on Vanilla Ansible 2.10, even for
+# static inventory hosts (ansible/ansible#49254, ansible/ansible#73708)
 host_key_checking = False
 
 [inventory]
diff --git a/tests/ansible/hosts/transport_config.hosts b/tests/ansible/hosts/transport_config.hosts
index 1c1c2e103..5d5c38346 100644
--- a/tests/ansible/hosts/transport_config.hosts
+++ b/tests/ansible/hosts/transport_config.hosts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ tc_become
 tc_become_method
 tc_become_pass
 tc_become_user
+tc_host_key_checking
 tc_password
 tc_port
 tc_remote_addr
@@ -74,6 +75,11 @@ tc-become-pass-password ansible_become_password=apassword
 tc-become-pass-pass ansible_become_pass=apass
 tc-become-pass-both ansible_become_pass=bpass ansible_become_password=bpassword
 
+[tc_host_key_checking]
+tc-hkc-unset
+tc-hkc-host-key-checking ansible_host_key_checking=true
+tc-hkc-ssh-host-key-checking ansible_ssh_host_key_checking=true
+
 [tc_port]
 tc-port-unset
 tc-port-explicit-port ansible_port=1234
diff --git a/tests/ansible/integration/transport_config/all.yml b/tests/ansible/integration/transport_config/all.yml
index 548e7f7e2..b486549ba 100644
--- a/tests/ansible/integration/transport_config/all.yml
+++ b/tests/ansible/integration/transport_config/all.yml
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 - import_playbook: become_pass.yml
 - import_playbook: become_user.yml
 - import_playbook: become.yml
+- import_playbook: host_key_checking.yml
 - import_playbook: password.yml
 - import_playbook: port.yml
 - import_playbook: python_path.yml
diff --git a/tests/ansible/integration/transport_config/host_key_checking.yml b/tests/ansible/integration/transport_config/host_key_checking.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b15e36b12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ansible/integration/transport_config/host_key_checking.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# Each case is followed by mitogen_via= case to test hostvars method.
+
+- name: integration/transport_config/host_key_checking.yml
+  hosts: tc-hkc-unset
+  tasks:
+    - include_tasks: ../_mitogen_only.yml
+    - {mitogen_get_stack: {}, register: out}
+    - assert:
+        that:
+          - out.result | length == 1
+          - out.result[0].method == "ssh"
+          - out.result[0].kwargs.check_host_keys == "ignore"
+        fail_msg: out={{ out }}
+  tags:
+    - mitogen_only
+
+- hosts: tc-hkc-unset
+  vars:
+    mitogen_via: tc-hkc-host-key-checking
+  tasks:
+    - include_tasks: ../_mitogen_only.yml
+    - {mitogen_get_stack: {}, register: out}
+    - assert:
+        that:
+          - out.result | length == 2
+          - out.result[0].method == "ssh"
+          - out.result[0].kwargs.check_host_keys == "enforce"
+          - out.result[1].method == "ssh"
+          - out.result[1].kwargs.check_host_keys == "ignore"
+        fail_msg: out={{ out }}
+  tags:
+    - mitogen_only
+
+
+- hosts: tc-hkc-host-key-checking
+  tasks:
+    - include_tasks: ../_mitogen_only.yml
+    - {mitogen_get_stack: {}, register: out}
+    - assert:
+        that:
+          - out.result | length == 1
+          - out.result[0].method == "ssh"
+          - out.result[0].kwargs.check_host_keys == "enforce"
+        fail_msg: out={{ out }}
+  tags:
+    - mitogen_only
+
+- hosts: tc-hkc-host-key-checking
+  vars:
+    mitogen_via: tc-hkc-unset
+  tasks:
+    - include_tasks: ../_mitogen_only.yml
+    - {mitogen_get_stack: {}, register: out}
+    - assert:
+        that:
+          - out.result | length == 2
+          - out.result[0].method == "ssh"
+          - out.result[0].kwargs.check_host_keys == "ignore"
+          - out.result[1].method == "ssh"
+          - out.result[1].kwargs.check_host_keys == "enforce"
+        fail_msg: out={{ out }}
+  tags:
+    - mitogen_only
+
+
+- hosts: tc-hkc-ssh-host-key-checking
+  tasks:
+    - include_tasks: ../_mitogen_only.yml
+    - {mitogen_get_stack: {}, register: out}
+    - assert:
+        that:
+          - out.result | length == 1
+          - out.result[0].method == "ssh"
+          - out.result[0].kwargs.check_host_keys == "enforce"
+        fail_msg: out={{ out }}
+  tags:
+    - mitogen_only
+
+- hosts: tc-hkc-ssh-host-key-checking
+  vars:
+    mitogen_via: tc-hkc-unset
+  tasks:
+    - include_tasks: ../_mitogen_only.yml
+    - {mitogen_get_stack: {}, register: out}
+    - assert:
+        that:
+          - out.result | length == 2
+          - out.result[0].method == "ssh"
+          - out.result[0].kwargs.check_host_keys == "ignore"
+          - out.result[1].method == "ssh"
+          - out.result[1].kwargs.check_host_keys == "enforce"
+        fail_msg: out={{ out }}
+  tags:
+    - mitogen_only
diff --git a/tests/ansible/regression/all.yml b/tests/ansible/regression/all.yml
index 477caccd4..31541e9fc 100644
--- a/tests/ansible/regression/all.yml
+++ b/tests/ansible/regression/all.yml
@@ -15,3 +15,4 @@
 - import_playbook: issue_655__wait_for_connection_error.yml
 - import_playbook: issue_776__load_plugins_called_twice.yml
 - import_playbook: issue_952__ask_become_pass.yml
+- import_playbook: issue_1066__add_host__host_key_checking.yml
diff --git a/tests/ansible/regression/issue_1066__add_host__host_key_checking.yml b/tests/ansible/regression/issue_1066__add_host__host_key_checking.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b4609b6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ansible/regression/issue_1066__add_host__host_key_checking.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+- name: regression/issue_1066__add_host__host_key_checking.yml
+  hosts: test-targets[0]
+  gather_facts: false
+  become: false
+  tasks:
+    - name: Add hosts dynamically
+      add_host:
+        name: "{{ item.name }}"
+        ansible_host_key_checking:        "{{ item.host_key_checking | default(omit) }}"
+        ansible_ssh_host_key_checking:    "{{ item.host_ssh_key_checking | default(omit) }}"
+        ansible_host:                     "{{ hostvars[inventory_hostname].ansible_host | default(omit) }}"
+        ansible_password:                 "{{ hostvars[inventory_hostname].ansible_password | default(omit) }}"
+        ansible_port:                     "{{ hostvars[inventory_hostname].ansible_port | default(omit) }}"
+        ansible_python_interpreter:       "{{ hostvars[inventory_hostname].ansible_python_interpreter | default(omit) }}"
+        ansible_user:                     "{{ hostvars[inventory_hostname].ansible_user | default(omit) }}"
+      loop:
+        - {name: issue-1066-host-hkc-false,   host_key_checking: false}
+        - {name: issue-1066-host-hkc-true,    host_key_checking: true}
+        - {name: issue-1066-host-hskc-false,  host_ssh_key_checking: false}
+        - {name: issue-1066-host-hskc-true,   host_ssh_key_checking: true}
+      delegate_to: localhost
+  tags:
+    - issue_1066
+
+- name: regression/issue_1066__add_host__host_key_checking.yml
+  hosts: issue-1066-host-*
+  gather_facts: false
+  become: false
+  serial: 1
+  tasks:
+    - meta: reset_connection
+
+    # The host key might be in ~/.ssh/known_hosts. If it's removed then no
+    # problem - test-targets hosts have host_key_checking=false.
+    - name: Remove existing host keys
+      known_hosts:
+        name: "{{ ansible_host }}"
+        state: absent
+      delegate_to: localhost
+
+    - name: Ping dynamically added hosts
+      ping:
+      ignore_errors: true
+      ignore_unreachable: true
+      register: issue_1066_ping
+
+    - debug:
+        var: issue_1066_ping
+
+    - name: Confirm dynamically added hosts are/are not reachable
+      vars:
+        expected:
+          issue-1066-host-hkc-false:    {}
+          issue-1066-host-hkc-true:     {unreachable: true}
+          issue-1066-host-hskc-false:   {}
+          issue-1066-host-hskc-true:    {unreachable: true}
+      assert:
+        that:
+          - issue_1066_ping.unreachable is defined == expected[inventory_hostname].unreachable is defined
+          - issue_1066_ping.unreachable | default(42) == expected[inventory_hostname].unreachable | default(42)
+      # ansible_host_key_checking don't work on Vanilla Ansible 2.10, even for
+      # static inventory hosts (ansible/ansible#49254, ansible/ansible#73708).
+      when:
+        - ansible_version.full is version('2.11', '>=', strict=True)
+          or is_mitogen
+  tags:
+    - issue_1066
diff --git a/tests/ansible/regression/issue_655__wait_for_connection_error.yml b/tests/ansible/regression/issue_655__wait_for_connection_error.yml
index fbdb9f2b1..9ad42a106 100644
--- a/tests/ansible/regression/issue_655__wait_for_connection_error.yml
+++ b/tests/ansible/regression/issue_655__wait_for_connection_error.yml
@@ -4,11 +4,19 @@
 #   since things are ran on localhost; Azure DevOps loses connection and fails
 # TODO: do we want to install docker a different way to be able to do this for other tests too
 ---
-- name: regression/issue_655_wait_for_connection_error.yml
+- name: regression/issue_655__wait_for_connection_error.yml
   hosts: localhost
   gather_facts: yes
   become: no
   tasks:
+    - meta: end_play
+      when:
+        # TODO CI currently runs on macOS 11 images in Azure DevOps. MacOS 11
+        #      is no longer supported by homebrew, so the following install
+        #      task fails.
+        - ansible_facts.system == 'Darwin'
+        - ansible_facts.distribution_major_version == '11'
+
     - name: set up test container and run tests inside it
       block:
         - name: install deps
diff --git a/tests/ansible/setup/report_controller.yml b/tests/ansible/setup/report_controller.yml
index d0d5cc153..5e34fb176 100644
--- a/tests/ansible/setup/report_controller.yml
+++ b/tests/ansible/setup/report_controller.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 - name: Report controller parameters
-  hosts: localhost
+  hosts: test-targets[0]
   gather_facts: false
   tasks:
     - debug:
@@ -9,9 +9,11 @@
           - $(groups):                "{{ lookup('pipe', 'groups') }}"
           - $(pwd):                   "{{ lookup('pipe', 'pwd') }}"
           - $(whoami):                "{{ lookup('pipe', 'whoami') }}"
+          - ansible_inventory_sources:        "{{ ansible_inventory_sources | default('<unset>') }}"
           - ansible_run_tags:         "{{ ansible_run_tags | default('<unset>') }}"
           - ansible_playbook_python:  "{{ ansible_playbook_python | default('<unset>') }}"
           - ansible_skip_tags:        "{{ ansible_skip_tags | default('<unset>') }}"
           - ansible_version.full:     "{{ ansible_version.full | default('<unset>') }}"
           - is_mitogen:               "{{ is_mitogen | default('<unset>') }}"
           - playbook_dir:             "{{ playbook_dir | default('<unset>') }}"
+      delegate_to: localhost