diff --git a/build-tests/heft-jest-reporters-test/config/jest.config.json b/build-tests/heft-jest-reporters-test/config/jest.config.json
index 1af6352cc6e..294f12cc0bb 100644
--- a/build-tests/heft-jest-reporters-test/config/jest.config.json
+++ b/build-tests/heft-jest-reporters-test/config/jest.config.json
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "extends": "@rushstack/heft-jest-plugin/includes/jest-shared.config.json",
   "coverageDirectory": "<rootDir>/coverage",
   "reporters": ["default", "../lib/test/customJestReporter.cjs"],
-  "testMatch": ["<rootDir>/lib/**.test.cjs"],
+  "testMatch": ["<rootDir>/lib/**/*.test.cjs"],
   "collectCoverageFrom": [
     "lib/**/*.cjs",
     "!lib/**/*.d.ts",
diff --git a/common/changes/@rushstack/heft-jest-plugin/octogonz-jest-console-log_2023-10-20-19-18.json b/common/changes/@rushstack/heft-jest-plugin/octogonz-jest-console-log_2023-10-20-19-18.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ab44a43588f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/changes/@rushstack/heft-jest-plugin/octogonz-jest-console-log_2023-10-20-19-18.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "changes": [
+    {
+      "packageName": "@rushstack/heft-jest-plugin",
+      "comment": "Use Jest verbose logging when `heft --debug test` or `heft test --verbose` is specified",
+      "type": "minor"
+    }
+  ],
+  "packageName": "@rushstack/heft-jest-plugin"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/common/changes/@rushstack/heft-jest-plugin/octogonz-jest-console-log_2023-10-20-23-29.json b/common/changes/@rushstack/heft-jest-plugin/octogonz-jest-console-log_2023-10-20-23-29.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7c6c1346ba3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/changes/@rushstack/heft-jest-plugin/octogonz-jest-console-log_2023-10-20-23-29.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "changes": [
+    {
+      "packageName": "@rushstack/heft-jest-plugin",
+      "comment": "Fix an issue where `silent: true` was ignored when specified in `jest.config.json`",
+      "type": "minor"
+    }
+  ],
+  "packageName": "@rushstack/heft-jest-plugin"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/heft-plugins/heft-jest-plugin/src/JestPlugin.ts b/heft-plugins/heft-jest-plugin/src/JestPlugin.ts
index caced55c1fa..a7683553c4a 100644
--- a/heft-plugins/heft-jest-plugin/src/JestPlugin.ts
+++ b/heft-plugins/heft-jest-plugin/src/JestPlugin.ts
@@ -576,6 +576,18 @@ export default class JestPlugin implements IHeftTaskPlugin<IJestPluginOptions> {
       jestConfig.displayName = heftConfiguration.projectPackageJson.name;
     }
 
+    let silent: boolean | undefined;
+    if (taskSession.parameters.verbose || taskSession.parameters.debug) {
+      // If Heft's "--verbose" or "--debug" parameters were used, then we're debugging Jest problems,
+      // so we always want to see "console.log()" even if jest.config.json asked to suppress it.
+      // If someone really dislikes that, we could expose "--silent" in the Heft CLI,
+      // but it is a confusing combination.
+      silent = false;
+    } else {
+      // If "silent" is specified via IJestPluginOptions, that takes precedence over jest.config.json
+      silent = options.silent ?? jestConfig.silent ?? false;
+    }
+
     const jestArgv: Config.Argv = {
       // In debug mode, avoid forking separate processes that are difficult to debug
       runInBand: taskSession.parameters.debug,
@@ -590,7 +602,23 @@ export default class JestPlugin implements IHeftTaskPlugin<IJestPluginOptions> {
       listTests: false,
       rootDir: buildFolderPath,
 
-      silent: options.silent || false,
+      // What these fields mean for Jest:
+      //
+      // If "silent" is true:
+      // - Jest discards all console.log() output and there is no way to retrieve it
+      //
+      // If "silent" is false and "verbose" is false:
+      // - Jest uses BufferedConsole which doesn't show console.log() until after the test run completes,
+      //   which is annoying in the debugger.  The output is formatted nicely using HeftJestReporter.
+      //
+      // If "silent" is false and "verbose" is true:
+      // - Jest uses CustomConsole which logs immediately, but shows ugly call stacks with each log.
+      //
+      // If "verbose" is true (regardless of "silent"):
+      // - Jest reports include detailed results for every test, even if all tests passed within a test suite.
+      silent,
+      verbose: taskSession.parameters.verbose || taskSession.parameters.debug,
+
       testNamePattern: options.testNamePattern,
       testPathIgnorePatterns: options.testPathIgnorePatterns ? [options.testPathIgnorePatterns] : undefined,
       testPathPattern: options.testPathPattern ? [options.testPathPattern] : undefined,