diff --git a/change/react-native-windows-73248300-7bfa-4031-8b40-14125d248e4f.json b/change/react-native-windows-73248300-7bfa-4031-8b40-14125d248e4f.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1fc623712e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/change/react-native-windows-73248300-7bfa-4031-8b40-14125d248e4f.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "type": "prerelease",
+  "comment": "[0.76] Exclude NuGet package lock files from NPM packages",
+  "packageName": "react-native-windows",
+  "email": "jthysell@microsoft.com",
+  "dependentChangeType": "patch"
+}
diff --git a/packages/@react-native-windows/automation-channel/package.json b/packages/@react-native-windows/automation-channel/package.json
index 085314c5d0f..ef235ee9f9d 100644
--- a/packages/@react-native-windows/automation-channel/package.json
+++ b/packages/@react-native-windows/automation-channel/package.json
@@ -37,7 +37,9 @@
   },
   "files": [
     "lib-commonjs",
-    "windows"
+    "windows",
+    "!packages.lock.json",
+    "!packages.fabric.lock.json"
   ],
   "engines": {
     "node": ">= 18"
diff --git a/vnext/package.json b/vnext/package.json
index 67ab2d0604a..14776c69ee2 100644
--- a/vnext/package.json
+++ b/vnext/package.json
@@ -144,7 +144,9 @@
     "/metro-react-native-platform.js",
     "/metro.config.js",
     "/react-native.config.js",
-    "/rn-get-polyfills.js"
+    "/rn-get-polyfills.js",
+    "!packages.lock.json",
+    "!packages.fabric.lock.json"
   ],
   "promoteRelease": true,
   "engines": {