diff --git a/clients/js/src/generated/instructions/create.ts b/clients/js/src/generated/instructions/create.ts
index 5083e8c2..e1a6ab3e 100644
--- a/clients/js/src/generated/instructions/create.ts
+++ b/clients/js/src/generated/instructions/create.ts
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ export type CreateInstructionDataArgs = {
   dataState: DataStateArgs;
   name: string;
   uri: string;
-  plugins: Array<PluginAuthorityPairArgs>;
+  plugins?: Array<PluginAuthorityPairArgs>;
 };
 
 export function getCreateInstructionDataSerializer(): Serializer<
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ export function getCreateInstructionDataSerializer(): Serializer<
       ],
       { description: 'CreateInstructionData' }
     ),
-    (value) => ({ ...value, discriminator: 0 })
+    (value) => ({ ...value, discriminator: 0, plugins: value.plugins ?? [] })
   ) as Serializer<CreateInstructionDataArgs, CreateInstructionData>;
 }
 
diff --git a/clients/js/src/generated/instructions/createCollection.ts b/clients/js/src/generated/instructions/createCollection.ts
index a17c064b..0c6b48bd 100644
--- a/clients/js/src/generated/instructions/createCollection.ts
+++ b/clients/js/src/generated/instructions/createCollection.ts
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ export type CreateCollectionInstructionData = {
 export type CreateCollectionInstructionDataArgs = {
   name: string;
   uri: string;
-  plugins: Array<PluginAuthorityPairArgs>;
+  plugins?: Array<PluginAuthorityPairArgs>;
 };
 
 export function getCreateCollectionInstructionDataSerializer(): Serializer<
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ export function getCreateCollectionInstructionDataSerializer(): Serializer<
       ],
       { description: 'CreateCollectionInstructionData' }
     ),
-    (value) => ({ ...value, discriminator: 1 })
+    (value) => ({ ...value, discriminator: 1, plugins: value.plugins ?? [] })
   ) as Serializer<
     CreateCollectionInstructionDataArgs,
     CreateCollectionInstructionData
diff --git a/clients/js/src/hooked/types.ts b/clients/js/src/hooked/types.ts
index c6b002a6..e616282a 100644
--- a/clients/js/src/hooked/types.ts
+++ b/clients/js/src/hooked/types.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ export type BaseAuthority = {
   address?: PublicKey;
 };
 
-export type PluginAuthorityType = Pick<Authority, '__kind'>['__kind'];
+export type PluginAuthorityType = Authority['__kind'];
 
 export type BasePlugin = {
   authority: BaseAuthority;
diff --git a/clients/js/test/_setup.ts b/clients/js/test/_setup.ts
index eb12243d..02d4a641 100644
--- a/clients/js/test/_setup.ts
+++ b/clients/js/test/_setup.ts
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export const DEFAULT_COLLECTION = {
   uri: 'https://example.com/collection',
 };
 
-export const createAsset = async (umi: Umi, input: CreateAssetHelperArgs) => {
+export const createAsset = async (umi: Umi, input: CreateAssetHelperArgs = {}) => {
   const payer = input.payer || umi.identity;
   const owner = publicKey(input.owner || input.payer || umi.identity);
   const asset = input.asset || generateSigner(umi);
diff --git a/clients/js/test/addPlugin.test.ts b/clients/js/test/addPlugin.test.ts
index 43720f7f..919b97d9 100644
--- a/clients/js/test/addPlugin.test.ts
+++ b/clients/js/test/addPlugin.test.ts
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ test('it can add a plugin to an asset', async (t) => {
   // Given a Umi instance and a new signer.
   const umi = await createUmi();
 
-  const asset = await createAsset(umi, {});
+  const asset = await createAsset(umi);
 
   // Then an account was created with the correct data.
   await assertAsset(t, umi, {
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ test('it can add a plugin to an asset with a different authority than the defaul
   const umi = await createUmi();
   const delegateAddress = generateSigner(umi);
 
-  const asset = await createAsset(umi, {});
+  const asset = await createAsset(umi);
 
   await assertAsset(t, umi, {
     ...DEFAULT_ASSET,
diff --git a/clients/js/test/approveAuthority.test.ts b/clients/js/test/approveAuthority.test.ts
index a58e6225..1b3ebcb8 100644
--- a/clients/js/test/approveAuthority.test.ts
+++ b/clients/js/test/approveAuthority.test.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ test('it can add an authority to a plugin', async (t) => {
   const umi = await createUmi();
   const delegateAddress = generateSigner(umi);
 
-  const asset = await createAsset(umi, {});
+  const asset = await createAsset(umi);
 
   await assertAsset(t, umi, {
     asset: asset.publicKey,
diff --git a/clients/js/test/burn.test.ts b/clients/js/test/burn.test.ts
index f5213783..8ce370d7 100644
--- a/clients/js/test/burn.test.ts
+++ b/clients/js/test/burn.test.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { DEFAULT_ASSET, assertAsset, createAsset, createUmi } from './_setup';
 test('it can burn an asset as the owner', async (t) => {
   // Given a Umi instance and a new signer.
   const umi = await createUmi();
-  const asset = await createAsset(umi, {});
+  const asset = await createAsset(umi);
   await assertAsset(t, umi, {
     ...DEFAULT_ASSET,
     asset: asset.publicKey,
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ test('it cannot burn an asset if not the owner', async (t) => {
   const umi = await createUmi();
   const attacker = generateSigner(umi);
 
-  const asset = await createAsset(umi, {});
+  const asset = await createAsset(umi);
   await assertAsset(t, umi, {
     ...DEFAULT_ASSET,
     asset: asset.publicKey,
diff --git a/clients/js/test/collect.test.ts b/clients/js/test/collect.test.ts
index 03fcb9f6..c2e4c617 100644
--- a/clients/js/test/collect.test.ts
+++ b/clients/js/test/collect.test.ts
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ const hasCollectAmount = async (umi: Umi, address: PublicKey) => {
 test('it can create a new asset with collect amount', async (t) => {
   // Given a Umi instance and a new signer.
   const umi = await createUmi();
-  const asset = await createAsset(umi, {});
+  const asset = await createAsset(umi);
 
   t.assert(
     await hasCollectAmount(umi, asset.publicKey),
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ test('it can create a new asset with collect amount', async (t) => {
 test('it can add asset plugin with collect amount', async (t) => {
   // Given a Umi instance and a new signer.
   const umi = await createUmi();
-  const asset = await createAsset(umi, {});
+  const asset = await createAsset(umi);
 
   await addPlugin(umi, {
     asset: asset.publicKey,
diff --git a/clients/js/test/compress.test.ts b/clients/js/test/compress.test.ts
index 34cfe894..eddf9dd7 100644
--- a/clients/js/test/compress.test.ts
+++ b/clients/js/test/compress.test.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import { createAsset, createUmi } from './_setup';
 test.skip('it can compress an asset without any plugins as the owner', async (t) => {
   // Given a Umi instance and a new signer.
   const umi = await createUmi();
-  const asset = await createAsset(umi, {});
+  const asset = await createAsset(umi);
 
   // And when we compress the asset.
   await compress(umi, {
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ test.skip('it cannot compress an asset if not the owner', async (t) => {
     asset: assetAddress,
     name: 'Test Bread',
     uri: 'https://example.com/bread',
-    plugins: [],
   }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
 
   // Then an account was created with the correct data.
@@ -99,7 +98,6 @@ test('it cannot compress an asset because it is not available', async (t) => {
     asset: assetAddress,
     name: 'Test Bread',
     uri: 'https://example.com/bread',
-    plugins: [],
   }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
 
   // Then an account was created with the correct data.
diff --git a/clients/js/test/create.test.ts b/clients/js/test/create.test.ts
index c9fb0fcf..451ffc39 100644
--- a/clients/js/test/create.test.ts
+++ b/clients/js/test/create.test.ts
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ test('it can create a new asset with a different payer', async (t) => {
     dataState: DataState.AccountState,
     asset: assetAddress,
     payer,
-    plugins: [],
   }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
 
   const asset = await createAsset(umi, {
@@ -69,7 +68,6 @@ test.skip('it can create a new asset in ledger state', async (t) => {
     name: 'Test Bread',
     uri: 'https://example.com/bread',
     logWrapper: publicKey('noopb9bkMVfRPU8AsbpTUg8AQkHtKwMYZiFUjNRtMmV'),
-    plugins: [],
   }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
 
   // Then an account was created with the correct data.
@@ -107,7 +105,6 @@ test('it cannot create a new asset in ledger state because it is not available',
     name: 'Test Bread',
     uri: 'https://example.com/bread',
     logWrapper: publicKey('noopb9bkMVfRPU8AsbpTUg8AQkHtKwMYZiFUjNRtMmV'),
-    plugins: [],
   }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
 
   await t.throwsAsync(result, { name: 'NotAvailable' });
@@ -208,7 +205,6 @@ test('it cannot create a new asset if the address is already in use', async (t)
     asset: assetAddress,
     name: DEFAULT_ASSET.name,
     uri: DEFAULT_ASSET.uri,
-    plugins: [],
   }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
 
   await t.throwsAsync(result, { name: 'InvalidSystemProgram' });
diff --git a/clients/js/test/decompress.test.ts b/clients/js/test/decompress.test.ts
index 82e6a65e..51c5074d 100644
--- a/clients/js/test/decompress.test.ts
+++ b/clients/js/test/decompress.test.ts
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ test.skip('it can decompress a previously compressed asset as the owner', async
     asset: assetAddress,
     name: 'Test Bread',
     uri: 'https://example.com/bread',
-    plugins: [],
   }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
 
   // Then an account was created with the correct data.
diff --git a/clients/js/test/info.test.ts b/clients/js/test/info.test.ts
index 6004209d..eca9b50d 100644
--- a/clients/js/test/info.test.ts
+++ b/clients/js/test/info.test.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ test('fetch account info for account state', async (t) => {
     asset: assetAddress,
     name: 'Test Bread',
     uri: 'https://example.com/bread',
-    plugins: [],
   }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
 
   // Print the size of the account.
@@ -42,7 +41,6 @@ test.skip('fetch account info for ledger state', async (t) => {
     name: 'Test Bread',
     uri: 'https://example.com/bread',
     logWrapper: publicKey('noopb9bkMVfRPU8AsbpTUg8AQkHtKwMYZiFUjNRtMmV'),
-    plugins: [],
   }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
 
   // Print the size of the account.
diff --git a/clients/js/test/plugins/asset/freeze.test.ts b/clients/js/test/plugins/asset/freeze.test.ts
index f7d98db9..e52ffaee 100644
--- a/clients/js/test/plugins/asset/freeze.test.ts
+++ b/clients/js/test/plugins/asset/freeze.test.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ test('it can freeze and unfreeze an asset', async (t) => {
   // Given a Umi instance and a new signer.
   const umi = await createUmi();
 
-  const asset = await createAsset(umi, {});
+  const asset = await createAsset(umi);
 
   await addPlugin(umi, {
     asset: asset.publicKey,
diff --git a/clients/js/test/plugins/asset/royalties.test.ts b/clients/js/test/plugins/asset/royalties.test.ts
index 502021c9..fb458aeb 100644
--- a/clients/js/test/plugins/asset/royalties.test.ts
+++ b/clients/js/test/plugins/asset/royalties.test.ts
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ test('it can transfer an asset with royalties', async (t) => {
   });
 
   // Here we're creating a new owner that's program owned, so we're just going to use another asset.
-  const programOwned = await createAsset(umi, {});
+  const programOwned = await createAsset(umi);
 
   // Then an account was created with the correct data.
   await assertAsset(t, umi, {
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ test('it can transfer an asset with royalties to an allowlisted program address'
   });
 
   // Here we're creating a new owner that's program owned, so we're just going to use another asset.
-  const programOwned = await createAsset(umi, {});
+  const programOwned = await createAsset(umi);
 
   // Then an account was created with the correct data.
   await assertAsset(t, umi, {
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ test('it cannot transfer an asset with royalties to a program address not on the
   });
 
   // Create a second one because allowlist needs both to be off the allowlist.
-  const programOwned2 = await createAsset(umi, {});
+  const programOwned2 = await createAsset(umi);
 
   // Creating a new asset to transfer.
   const asset = await createAsset(umi, {
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ test('it can transfer an asset with royalties to a program address not on the de
   const umi = await createUmi();
 
   // Here we're creating a new owner that's program owned, so we're just going to use another asset.
-  const programOwned = await createAsset(umi, {});
+  const programOwned = await createAsset(umi);
 
   // Creating a new asset to transfer.
   const asset = await createAsset(umi, {
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ test('it cannot transfer an asset with royalties to a denylisted program', async
   const umi = await createUmi();
 
   // Here we're creating a new owner that's program owned, so we're just going to use another asset.
-  const programOwned = await createAsset(umi, {});
+  const programOwned = await createAsset(umi);
 
   // Creating a new asset to transfer.
   const asset = await createAsset(umi, {
diff --git a/clients/js/test/transfer.test.ts b/clients/js/test/transfer.test.ts
index 763621e1..688d3b69 100644
--- a/clients/js/test/transfer.test.ts
+++ b/clients/js/test/transfer.test.ts
@@ -1,102 +1,55 @@
 import { generateSigner } from '@metaplex-foundation/umi';
 import test from 'ava';
-// import { base58 } from '@metaplex-foundation/umi/serializers';
+
 import {
-  Asset,
-  DataState,
-  create,
-  fetchAsset,
   transfer,
   updateAuthority,
 } from '../src';
-import { createUmi } from './_setup';
+import { assertAsset, createAsset, createUmi } from './_setup';
 
 test('it can transfer an asset as the owner', async (t) => {
   // Given a Umi instance and a new signer.
   const umi = await createUmi();
-  const assetAddress = generateSigner(umi);
   const newOwner = generateSigner(umi);
 
-  // When we create a new account.
-  await create(umi, {
-    dataState: DataState.AccountState,
-    asset: assetAddress,
-    name: 'Test Bread',
-    uri: 'https://example.com/bread',
-    plugins: [],
-  }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
-
-  // Then an account was created with the correct data.
-  const beforeAsset = await fetchAsset(umi, assetAddress.publicKey);
-  // console.log("Account State:", beforeAsset);
-  t.like(beforeAsset, <Asset>{
-    publicKey: assetAddress.publicKey,
-    updateAuthority: updateAuthority('Address', [umi.identity.publicKey]),
+  const asset = await createAsset(umi)
+  await assertAsset(t, umi, {
+    asset: asset.publicKey,
     owner: umi.identity.publicKey,
-    name: 'Test Bread',
-    uri: 'https://example.com/bread',
+    updateAuthority: updateAuthority('Address', [umi.identity.publicKey]),
   });
 
   await transfer(umi, {
-    asset: assetAddress.publicKey,
+    asset: asset.publicKey,
     newOwner: newOwner.publicKey,
-    compressionProof: null,
   }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
 
-  const afterAsset = await fetchAsset(umi, assetAddress.publicKey);
-  // console.log("Account State:", afterAsset);
-  t.like(afterAsset, <Asset>{
-    publicKey: assetAddress.publicKey,
-    updateAuthority: updateAuthority('Address', [umi.identity.publicKey]),
+  await assertAsset(t, umi, {
+    asset: asset.publicKey,
     owner: newOwner.publicKey,
-    name: 'Test Bread',
-    uri: 'https://example.com/bread',
+    updateAuthority: updateAuthority('Address', [umi.identity.publicKey]),
   });
 });
 
 test('it cannot transfer an asset if not the owner', async (t) => {
   // Given a Umi instance and a new signer.
   const umi = await createUmi();
-  const assetAddress = generateSigner(umi);
   const newOwner = generateSigner(umi);
   const attacker = generateSigner(umi);
 
-  // When we create a new account.
-  await create(umi, {
-    dataState: DataState.AccountState,
-    asset: assetAddress,
-    name: 'Test Bread',
-    uri: 'https://example.com/bread',
-    plugins: [],
-  }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
-
-  // Then an account was created with the correct data.
-  const beforeAsset = await fetchAsset(umi, assetAddress.publicKey);
-  // console.log("Account State:", beforeAsset);
-  t.like(beforeAsset, <Asset>{
-    publicKey: assetAddress.publicKey,
-    updateAuthority: updateAuthority('Address', [umi.identity.publicKey]),
-    owner: umi.identity.publicKey,
-    name: 'Test Bread',
-    uri: 'https://example.com/bread',
-  });
+  const asset = await createAsset(umi)
 
   const result = transfer(umi, {
-    asset: assetAddress.publicKey,
+    asset: asset.publicKey,
     newOwner: newOwner.publicKey,
-    compressionProof: null,
     authority: attacker,
   }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
 
   await t.throwsAsync(result, { name: 'InvalidAuthority' });
 
-  const afterAsset = await fetchAsset(umi, assetAddress.publicKey);
-  // console.log("Account State:", afterAsset);
-  t.like(afterAsset, <Asset>{
-    publicKey: assetAddress.publicKey,
-    updateAuthority: updateAuthority('Address', [umi.identity.publicKey]),
+  await assertAsset(t, umi, {
+    asset: asset.publicKey,
     owner: umi.identity.publicKey,
-    name: 'Test Bread',
-    uri: 'https://example.com/bread',
+    updateAuthority: updateAuthority('Address', [umi.identity.publicKey]),
   });
 });
diff --git a/clients/js/test/update.test.ts b/clients/js/test/update.test.ts
index 4fff1841..7d78cd44 100644
--- a/clients/js/test/update.test.ts
+++ b/clients/js/test/update.test.ts
@@ -1,46 +1,27 @@
-import { generateSigner } from '@metaplex-foundation/umi';
 import test from 'ava';
-// import { base58 } from '@metaplex-foundation/umi/serializers';
+
 import {
-  AssetWithPlugins,
-  DataState,
-  Key,
-  addPlugin,
-  create,
-  fetchAssetWithPlugins,
   update,
   updateAuthority,
   plugin,
-  formPluginHeader,
 } from '../src';
-import { createUmi } from './_setup';
+import { assertAsset, createAsset, createUmi } from './_setup';
 
 test('it can update an asset to be larger', async (t) => {
   // Given a Umi instance and a new signer.
   const umi = await createUmi();
-  const assetAddress = generateSigner(umi);
-
-  // When we create a new account.
-  await create(umi, {
-    dataState: DataState.AccountState,
-    asset: assetAddress,
-    name: 'Test Bread',
-    uri: 'https://example.com/bread',
-    plugins: [],
-  }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
+  const asset = await createAsset(umi);
 
   await update(umi, {
-    asset: assetAddress.publicKey,
+    asset: asset.publicKey,
     newName: 'Test Bread 2',
     newUri: 'https://example.com/bread2',
   }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
 
-  // Then an account was created with the correct data.
-  const asset = await fetchAssetWithPlugins(umi, assetAddress.publicKey);
-  t.like(asset, <AssetWithPlugins>{
-    key: Key.Asset,
-    updateAuthority: updateAuthority('Address', [umi.identity.publicKey]),
+  await assertAsset(t, umi, {
+    asset: asset.publicKey,
     owner: umi.identity.publicKey,
+    updateAuthority: updateAuthority('Address', [umi.identity.publicKey]),
     name: 'Test Bread 2',
     uri: 'https://example.com/bread2',
   });
@@ -49,29 +30,18 @@ test('it can update an asset to be larger', async (t) => {
 test('it can update an asset to be smaller', async (t) => {
   // Given a Umi instance and a new signer.
   const umi = await createUmi();
-  const assetAddress = generateSigner(umi);
-
-  // When we create a new account.
-  await create(umi, {
-    dataState: DataState.AccountState,
-    asset: assetAddress,
-    name: 'Test Bread',
-    uri: 'https://example.com/bread',
-    plugins: [],
-  }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
+  const asset = await createAsset(umi);
 
   await update(umi, {
-    asset: assetAddress.publicKey,
+    asset: asset.publicKey,
     newName: '',
     newUri: '',
   }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
 
-  // Then an account was created with the correct data.
-  const asset = await fetchAssetWithPlugins(umi, assetAddress.publicKey);
-  t.like(asset, <AssetWithPlugins>{
-    key: Key.Asset,
-    updateAuthority: updateAuthority('Address', [umi.identity.publicKey]),
+  await assertAsset(t, umi, {
+    asset: asset.publicKey,
     owner: umi.identity.publicKey,
+    updateAuthority: updateAuthority('Address', [umi.identity.publicKey]),
     name: '',
     uri: '',
   });
@@ -80,44 +50,40 @@ test('it can update an asset to be smaller', async (t) => {
 test('it can update an asset with plugins to be larger', async (t) => {
   // Given a Umi instance and a new signer.
   const umi = await createUmi();
-  const assetAddress = generateSigner(umi);
-
-  // When we create a new account.
-  await create(umi, {
-    dataState: DataState.AccountState,
-    asset: assetAddress,
-    name: 'Test Bread',
-    uri: 'https://example.com/bread',
-    plugins: [],
-  }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
+  const asset = await createAsset(umi, {
+    name: 'short',
+    uri: 'https://short.com',
+    plugins: [{
+      plugin: plugin('Freeze', [{ frozen: false }]),
+      authority: null,
+    }],
+  });
 
-  await addPlugin(umi, {
-    asset: assetAddress.publicKey,
-    plugin: plugin('Freeze', [{ frozen: false }]),
-    initAuthority: null,
-  }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
+  // const asset = await createAsset(umi, {
+  //   name: 'Test Bread',
+  //   uri: 'https://example.com/bread',
+  //   plugins: [{
+  //     plugin: plugin('Freeze', [{ frozen: false }]),
+  //     authority: null,
+  //   }],
+  // });
 
   await update(umi, {
-    asset: assetAddress.publicKey,
+    asset: asset.publicKey,
     newName: 'Test Bread 2',
     newUri: 'https://example.com/bread2',
   }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
 
-  // Then an account was created with the correct data.
-  const asset = await fetchAssetWithPlugins(umi, assetAddress.publicKey);
-  // console.log(JSON.stringify(asset, (_, v) => typeof v === 'bigint' ? v.toString() : v, 2));
-  t.like(asset, <AssetWithPlugins>{
-    publicKey: assetAddress.publicKey,
-    updateAuthority: updateAuthority('Address', [umi.identity.publicKey]),
+  await assertAsset(t, umi, {
+    asset: asset.publicKey,
     owner: umi.identity.publicKey,
+    updateAuthority: updateAuthority('Address', [umi.identity.publicKey]),
     name: 'Test Bread 2',
     uri: 'https://example.com/bread2',
-    pluginHeader: formPluginHeader(BigInt(124)),
     freeze: {
       authority: {
         type: 'Owner',
       },
-      offset: BigInt(122),
       frozen: false,
     },
   });
@@ -126,43 +92,31 @@ test('it can update an asset with plugins to be larger', async (t) => {
 test('it can update an asset with plugins to be smaller', async (t) => {
   // Given a Umi instance and a new signer.
   const umi = await createUmi();
-  const assetAddress = generateSigner(umi);
-
-  // When we create a new account.
-  await create(umi, {
-    dataState: DataState.AccountState,
-    asset: assetAddress,
-    name: 'Test Bread',
-    uri: 'https://example.com/bread',
-    plugins: [],
-  }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
-
-  await addPlugin(umi, {
-    asset: assetAddress.publicKey,
-    plugin: plugin('Freeze', [{ frozen: false }]),
-    initAuthority: null,
-  }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
+  const asset = await createAsset(umi, {
+    name: 'Test Bread 2',
+    uri: 'https://example.com/bread2',
+    plugins: [{
+      plugin: plugin('Freeze', [{ frozen: false }]),
+      authority: null,
+    }],
+  });
 
   await update(umi, {
-    asset: assetAddress.publicKey,
+    asset: asset.publicKey,
     newName: '',
     newUri: '',
   }).sendAndConfirm(umi);
 
-  // Then an account was created with the correct data.
-  const asset = await fetchAssetWithPlugins(umi, assetAddress.publicKey);
-  t.like(asset, <AssetWithPlugins>{
-    publicKey: assetAddress.publicKey,
-    updateAuthority: updateAuthority('Address', [umi.identity.publicKey]),
+  await assertAsset(t, umi, {
+    asset: asset.publicKey,
     owner: umi.identity.publicKey,
+    updateAuthority: updateAuthority('Address', [umi.identity.publicKey]),
     name: '',
     uri: '',
-    pluginHeader: formPluginHeader(BigInt(86)),
     freeze: {
       authority: {
         type: 'Owner',
       },
-      offset: BigInt(84),
       frozen: false,
     },
   });
diff --git a/clients/rust/src/generated/instructions/create.rs b/clients/rust/src/generated/instructions/create.rs
index 48a272a0..fe65c356 100644
--- a/clients/rust/src/generated/instructions/create.rs
+++ b/clients/rust/src/generated/instructions/create.rs
@@ -247,6 +247,7 @@ impl CreateBuilder {
         self.uri = Some(uri);
         self
     }
+    /// `[optional argument, defaults to '[]']`
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn plugins(&mut self, plugins: Vec<PluginAuthorityPair>) -> &mut Self {
         self.plugins = Some(plugins);
@@ -288,7 +289,7 @@ impl CreateBuilder {
             data_state: self.data_state.clone().expect("data_state is not set"),
             name: self.name.clone().expect("name is not set"),
             uri: self.uri.clone().expect("uri is not set"),
-            plugins: self.plugins.clone().expect("plugins is not set"),
+            plugins: self.plugins.clone().unwrap_or([]),
         };
 
         accounts.instruction_with_remaining_accounts(args, &self.__remaining_accounts)
@@ -628,6 +629,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> CreateCpiBuilder<'a, 'b> {
         self.instruction.uri = Some(uri);
         self
     }
+    /// `[optional argument, defaults to '[]']`
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn plugins(&mut self, plugins: Vec<PluginAuthorityPair>) -> &mut Self {
         self.instruction.plugins = Some(plugins);
@@ -682,11 +684,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> CreateCpiBuilder<'a, 'b> {
                 .expect("data_state is not set"),
             name: self.instruction.name.clone().expect("name is not set"),
             uri: self.instruction.uri.clone().expect("uri is not set"),
-            plugins: self
-                .instruction
-                .plugins
-                .clone()
-                .expect("plugins is not set"),
+            plugins: self.instruction.plugins.clone().unwrap_or([]),
         };
         let instruction = CreateCpi {
             __program: self.instruction.__program,
diff --git a/clients/rust/src/generated/instructions/create_collection.rs b/clients/rust/src/generated/instructions/create_collection.rs
index 29bf177a..61b0c5e1 100644
--- a/clients/rust/src/generated/instructions/create_collection.rs
+++ b/clients/rust/src/generated/instructions/create_collection.rs
@@ -152,6 +152,7 @@ impl CreateCollectionBuilder {
         self.uri = Some(uri);
         self
     }
+    /// `[optional argument, defaults to '[]']`
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn plugins(&mut self, plugins: Vec<PluginAuthorityPair>) -> &mut Self {
         self.plugins = Some(plugins);
@@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ impl CreateCollectionBuilder {
         let args = CreateCollectionInstructionArgs {
             name: self.name.clone().expect("name is not set"),
             uri: self.uri.clone().expect("uri is not set"),
-            plugins: self.plugins.clone().expect("plugins is not set"),
+            plugins: self.plugins.clone().unwrap_or([]),
         };
 
         accounts.instruction_with_remaining_accounts(args, &self.__remaining_accounts)
@@ -402,6 +403,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> CreateCollectionCpiBuilder<'a, 'b> {
         self.instruction.uri = Some(uri);
         self
     }
+    /// `[optional argument, defaults to '[]']`
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn plugins(&mut self, plugins: Vec<PluginAuthorityPair>) -> &mut Self {
         self.instruction.plugins = Some(plugins);
@@ -451,11 +453,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b> CreateCollectionCpiBuilder<'a, 'b> {
         let args = CreateCollectionInstructionArgs {
             name: self.instruction.name.clone().expect("name is not set"),
             uri: self.instruction.uri.clone().expect("uri is not set"),
-            plugins: self
-                .instruction
-                .plugins
-                .clone()
-                .expect("plugins is not set"),
+            plugins: self.instruction.plugins.clone().unwrap_or([]),
         };
         let instruction = CreateCollectionCpi {
             __program: self.instruction.__program,
diff --git a/configs/kinobi.cjs b/configs/kinobi.cjs
index 5bc853f3..a96d6518 100755
--- a/configs/kinobi.cjs
+++ b/configs/kinobi.cjs
@@ -78,6 +78,21 @@ kinobi.update(
           defaultValue: k.noneValueNode()
         }
       }
+    },
+    create: {
+      arguments: {
+        plugins: {
+          defaultValue: k.arrayValueNode([])
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    createCollection: {
+      arguments: {
+        plugins: {
+          defaultValue: k.arrayValueNode([])
+
+        }
+      }
     }
   })
 );