diff --git a/pooled-jms/src/main/java/org/messaginghub/pooled/jms/pool/PooledXAConnection.java b/pooled-jms/src/main/java/org/messaginghub/pooled/jms/pool/PooledXAConnection.java
index 6558041..78373b5 100644
--- a/pooled-jms/src/main/java/org/messaginghub/pooled/jms/pool/PooledXAConnection.java
+++ b/pooled-jms/src/main/java/org/messaginghub/pooled/jms/pool/PooledXAConnection.java
@@ -69,7 +69,9 @@ public Session createSession(boolean transacted, int ackMode) throws JMSExceptio
                 session.setIsXa(true);
                 transactionManager.getTransaction().registerSynchronization(new Synchronization(session));
                 incrementReferenceCount();
-                transactionManager.getTransaction().enlistResource(createXaResource(session));
+                if (!transactionManager.getTransaction().enlistResource(createXaResource(session))) {
+                    throw new JMSException("Unable to enlist connection to existing transaction");
+                }
             } else {
                 session.setIgnoreClose(false);
             }