diff --git a/matlab/test/arrow/io/ipc/tRecordBatchStreamReader.m b/matlab/test/arrow/io/ipc/tRecordBatchStreamReader.m
index 584002e586b00..eb66c5fefcba9 100644
--- a/matlab/test/arrow/io/ipc/tRecordBatchStreamReader.m
+++ b/matlab/test/arrow/io/ipc/tRecordBatchStreamReader.m
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
         ZeroBatchStreamFile
         OneBatchStreamFile
         MultipleBatchStreamFile
+        RandomAccessFile
     end
 
     properties (TestParameter)
@@ -35,6 +36,16 @@ function setupDataFolder(testCase)
             testCase.DataFolder = string(fixture.Folder);
         end
 
+        function setupRandomAccessFile(testCase)
+            fieldA = arrow.field("A", arrow.string());
+            fieldB = arrow.field("B", arrow.float32());
+            schema = arrow.schema([fieldA, fieldB]);
+            fname = fullfile(testCase.DataFolder, "RandomAccessFile.arrow");
+            writer = arrow.io.ipc.RecordBatchFileWriter(fname, schema);
+            writer.close();
+            testCase.RandomAccessFile = fname;
+        end
+
         function setupZeroBatchStreamFile(testCase)
             fieldA = arrow.field("A", arrow.string());
             fieldB = arrow.field("B", arrow.float32());
@@ -249,7 +260,7 @@ function ReadTableOneBatchStreamFile(testCase)
 
         function ReadTableMultipleBatchStreamFile(testCase)
             % Verify read can successfully read an Arrow IPC Stream file
-            % containing one batch as an arrow.tabular.Table.
+            % containing multiple batches as an arrow.tabular.Table.
             reader = arrow.io.ipc.RecordBatchStreamReader(testCase.MultipleBatchStreamFile);
             matlabTable = table(["Row1"; "Row2"; "Row3"; "Row4"], single([1; 2; 3; 4]), VariableNames=["A", "B"]);
             expected = arrow.table(matlabTable);
@@ -312,6 +323,14 @@ function ReadTableMultipleCalls(testCase)
             testCase.verifyTrue(reader.done());
         end
 
+        function ErrorIfNotIpcStreamFile(testCase)
+            % Verify RecordBatchStreamReader throws an exception with the
+            % identifier arrow:io:ipc:FailedToOpenRecordBatchReader if
+            % the provided file is not an Arrow IPC Stream file.
+            fcn = @() arrow.io.ipc.RecordBatchStreamReader(testCase.RandomAccessFile);
+            testCase.verifyError(fcn, "arrow:io:ipc:FailedToOpenRecordBatchReader");
+        end
+
     end
 
 end
\ No newline at end of file