fix(chips): Extend ripple to fill the chip when animating width

[bonniezhou]

Fixes #2334.

[codecov-io]

Codecov Report

Merging #2423 into master will decrease coverage by 0.14%.
The diff coverage is 53.84%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2423      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   98.82%   98.67%   -0.15%     
==========================================
  Files         102      102              
  Lines        4079     4090      +11     
  Branches      511      512       +1     
==========================================
+ Hits         4031     4036       +5     
- Misses         48       54       +6

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
packages/mdc-chips/chip/constants.js	100% <ø> (ø)	⬆️
packages/mdc-chips/chip/index.js	78% <53.84%> (-9.18%)	⬇️

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[kfranqueiro]

For context, this is an alternative to #2406 which seeks to resolve the issue entirely within mdc-chips rather than needing to add an optional parameter to MDC Ripple.

While this avoids affecting Ripple APIs and is less code overall than #2406, it requires adding more logic to a component to effectively patch another component's adapter, and if any other component were to need special treatment, they'd have to repeat this logic. I'm potentially still leaning towards #2406, but I'll see what others think.

[bonniezhou]

Discussed offline with @kfranqueiro.

There are now 6 components (including this one) that override ripple adapter methods, so it may be worth parameterizing the ripple's constructor, not just the layout() method. This would require a more thorough investigation and design, so #2406 won't cut it. Worth looking into a full refactor of ripple.

In the meantime this PR is a fix adhering to the pattern in the other components.

[kfranqueiro]

Changes LGTM. My one reservation is I'm a bit concerned about the effect on our test coverage if we can't easily test this.