diff --git a/lib/testutils/src/lib.rs b/lib/testutils/src/lib.rs
index adc878dce5..a074ac1f56 100644
--- a/lib/testutils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/lib/testutils/src/lib.rs
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ use jj_lib::workspace::Workspace;
 use pollster::FutureExt;
 use tempfile::TempDir;
 
-use crate::test_backend::TestBackend;
+use crate::test_backend::TestBackendFactory;
 
 pub mod test_backend;
 pub mod test_signing_backend;
@@ -122,12 +122,15 @@ pub fn user_settings() -> UserSettings {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct TestEnvironment {
     temp_dir: TempDir,
+    test_backend_factory: TestBackendFactory,
 }
 
 impl TestEnvironment {
     pub fn init() -> Self {
-        let temp_dir = new_temp_dir();
-        TestEnvironment { temp_dir }
+        TestEnvironment {
+            temp_dir: new_temp_dir(),
+            test_backend_factory: TestBackendFactory::default(),
+        }
     }
 
     pub fn root(&self) -> &Path {
@@ -136,10 +139,10 @@ impl TestEnvironment {
 
     pub fn default_store_factories(&self) -> StoreFactories {
         let mut factories = StoreFactories::default();
-        factories.add_backend(
-            "test",
-            Box::new(|_settings, store_path| Ok(Box::new(TestBackend::load(store_path)))),
-        );
+        factories.add_backend("test", {
+            let factory = self.test_backend_factory.clone();
+            Box::new(move |_settings, store_path| Ok(Box::new(factory.load(store_path))))
+        });
         factories.add_backend(
             SecretBackend::name(),
             Box::new(|settings, store_path| {
@@ -177,13 +180,14 @@ pub enum TestRepoBackend {
 impl TestRepoBackend {
     fn init_backend(
         &self,
+        env: &TestEnvironment,
         settings: &UserSettings,
         store_path: &Path,
     ) -> Result<Box<dyn Backend>, BackendInitError> {
         match self {
             TestRepoBackend::Git => Ok(Box::new(GitBackend::init_internal(settings, store_path)?)),
             TestRepoBackend::Local => Ok(Box::new(LocalBackend::init(store_path))),
-            TestRepoBackend::Test => Ok(Box::new(TestBackend::init(store_path))),
+            TestRepoBackend::Test => Ok(Box::new(env.test_backend_factory.init(store_path))),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -213,7 +217,7 @@ impl TestRepo {
         let repo = ReadonlyRepo::init(
             settings,
             &repo_dir,
-            &move |settings, store_path| backend.init_backend(settings, store_path),
+            &|settings, store_path| backend.init_backend(&env, settings, store_path),
             Signer::from_settings(settings).unwrap(),
             ReadonlyRepo::default_op_store_initializer(),
             ReadonlyRepo::default_op_heads_store_initializer(),
@@ -266,7 +270,7 @@ impl TestWorkspace {
         let (workspace, repo) = Workspace::init_with_backend(
             settings,
             &workspace_root,
-            &move |settings, store_path| backend.init_backend(settings, store_path),
+            &|settings, store_path| backend.init_backend(&env, settings, store_path),
             signer,
         )
         .unwrap();
diff --git a/lib/testutils/src/test_backend.rs b/lib/testutils/src/test_backend.rs
index 1630cb4db6..fd309af440 100644
--- a/lib/testutils/src/test_backend.rs
+++ b/lib/testutils/src/test_backend.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::sync::Mutex;
 use std::sync::MutexGuard;
-use std::sync::OnceLock;
 use std::time::SystemTime;
 
 use async_trait::async_trait;
@@ -54,16 +53,11 @@ use jj_lib::repo_path::RepoPathBuf;
 const HASH_LENGTH: usize = 10;
 const CHANGE_ID_LENGTH: usize = 16;
 
-static BACKEND_DATA: OnceLock<Mutex<HashMap<PathBuf, Arc<Mutex<TestBackendData>>>>> =
-    OnceLock::new();
-
 // Keyed by canonical store path. Since we just use the path as a key, we can't
 // rely on on the file system to resolve two different uncanonicalized paths to
 // the same real path (as we would if we just used the path with `std::fs`
 // functions).
-fn backend_data() -> &'static Mutex<HashMap<PathBuf, Arc<Mutex<TestBackendData>>>> {
-    BACKEND_DATA.get_or_init(|| Mutex::new(HashMap::new()))
-}
+type TestBackendDataMap = HashMap<PathBuf, Arc<Mutex<TestBackendData>>>;
 
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct TestBackendData {
@@ -74,6 +68,39 @@ pub struct TestBackendData {
     conflicts: HashMap<RepoPathBuf, HashMap<ConflictId, Conflict>>,
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+pub struct TestBackendFactory {
+    backend_data: Arc<Mutex<TestBackendDataMap>>,
+}
+
+impl TestBackendFactory {
+    pub fn init(&self, store_path: &Path) -> TestBackend {
+        let data = Arc::new(Mutex::new(TestBackendData::default()));
+        self.backend_data
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .insert(store_path.canonicalize().unwrap(), data.clone());
+        TestBackend::with_data(data)
+    }
+
+    pub fn load(&self, store_path: &Path) -> TestBackend {
+        let data = self
+            .backend_data
+            .lock()
+            .unwrap()
+            .get(&store_path.canonicalize().unwrap())
+            .unwrap()
+            .clone();
+        TestBackend::with_data(data)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Debug for TestBackendFactory {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        f.debug_struct("TestBackendFactory").finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
+
 fn get_hash(content: &(impl jj_lib::content_hash::ContentHash + ?Sized)) -> Vec<u8> {
     jj_lib::content_hash::blake2b_hash(content).as_slice()[..HASH_LENGTH].to_vec()
 }
@@ -94,30 +121,7 @@ pub struct TestBackend {
 }
 
 impl TestBackend {
-    pub fn init(store_path: &Path) -> Self {
-        let root_commit_id = CommitId::from_bytes(&[0; HASH_LENGTH]);
-        let root_change_id = ChangeId::from_bytes(&[0; CHANGE_ID_LENGTH]);
-        let empty_tree_id = TreeId::new(get_hash(&Tree::default()));
-        let data = Arc::new(Mutex::new(TestBackendData::default()));
-        backend_data()
-            .lock()
-            .unwrap()
-            .insert(store_path.canonicalize().unwrap(), data.clone());
-        TestBackend {
-            root_commit_id,
-            root_change_id,
-            empty_tree_id,
-            data,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn load(store_path: &Path) -> Self {
-        let data = backend_data()
-            .lock()
-            .unwrap()
-            .get(&store_path.canonicalize().unwrap())
-            .unwrap()
-            .clone();
+    pub fn with_data(data: Arc<Mutex<TestBackendData>>) -> Self {
         let root_commit_id = CommitId::from_bytes(&[0; HASH_LENGTH]);
         let root_change_id = ChangeId::from_bytes(&[0; CHANGE_ID_LENGTH]);
         let empty_tree_id = TreeId::new(get_hash(&Tree::default()));