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Easy::jit: A just-in-time compiler for C++

About

Easy::jit is a compiler-assisted library that enables simple Just-In-Time code generation for C++ codes.

Talks

Building

First, install clang and LLVM.

apt install llvm-6.0-dev llvm-6.0-tools clang-6.0

Then, configure and compile the project.

cmake -DLLVM_DIR=/usr/lib/llvm-6.0/cmake <path_to_easy_jit_src>
cmake --build .

To build the examples, install the opencv library, and add the flags -DEASY_JIT_EXAMPLE=1 to the cmake command.

To enable benchmarking, install the google benchmark framework, and add the flags -DEASY_JIT_BENCHMARK=1 -DBENCHMARK_DIR=<path_to_google_benchmark_install> to the cmake command.

Everything is ready to go!

Docker

If you want to give only a quick test to the project, everything is provided to use it with docker. To do this, generate a Dockerfile from the current directory using the scripts in <path_to_easy_jit_src>/misc/docker, then generate your docker instance.

python3 <path_to_easy_jit_src>/misc/docker/GenDockerfile.py  <path_to_easy_jit_src>/.travis.yml > Dockerfile
docker build -t easy/test -f Dockerfile
docker run -ti easy/test /bin/bash

Basic usage

Compiling my project with Easy::Jit

Since the Easy::Jit library relies on assistance from the compiler, its mandatory to load a compiler plugin in order to use it. The flag -Xclang -load -Xclang <path_to_easy_jit_build>/bin/EasyJitPass.so loads the plugin.

The included headers require C++14 support, and remember to add the include directories! Use --std=c++14 -I<path_to_easy_jit_src>/cpplib/include.

Finaly, the binary must be linked against the Easy::Jit runtime library, using -L<path_to_easy_jit_build>/bin -lEasyJitRuntime.

Putting all together we get the command bellow.

clang++-6.0 --std=c++14 <my_file.cpp> \
  -Xclang -load -Xclang /path/to/easy/jit/build/bin/bin/EasyJitPass.so \
  -I<path_to_easy_jit_src>/cpplib/include \
  -L<path_to_easy_jit_build>/bin -lEasyJitRuntime

Using Easy::Jit inside my project

Consider the code below from a software that applies image filters on a video stream. In the following sections we are going to adapt it to use the Easy::jit library. The function to optimize is kernel, which applies a mask on the entire image.

The mask, its dimensions and area do not change often, so specializing the function for these parameters seems reasonable. Moreover, the image dimensions and number of channels typically remain constant during the entire execution; however, it is impossible to know their values as they depend on the stream.

static void kernel(const char* mask, unsigned mask_size, unsigned mask_area,
                   const unsigned char* in, unsigned char* out,
                   unsigned rows, unsigned cols, unsigned channels) {
  unsigned mask_middle = (mask_size/2+1);
  unsigned middle = (cols+1)*mask_middle;

  for(unsigned i = 0; i != rows-mask_size; ++i) {
    for(unsigned j = 0; j != cols-mask_size; ++j) {
      for(unsigned ch = 0; ch != channels; ++ch) {

        long out_val = 0;
        for(unsigned ii = 0; ii != mask_size; ++ii) {
          for(unsigned jj = 0; jj != mask_size; ++jj) {
            out_val += mask[ii*mask_size+jj] * in[((i+ii)*cols+j+jj)*channels+ch];
          }
        }
        out[(i*cols+j+middle)*channels+ch] = out_val / mask_area;
      }
    }
  }
}

static void apply_filter(const char *mask, unsigned mask_size, unsigned mask_area, cv::Mat &image, cv::Mat *&out) {
  kernel(mask, mask_size, mask_area, image.ptr(0,0), out->ptr(0,0), image.rows, image.cols, image.channels());
}

The main header for the library is easy/jit.h, where the only core function of the library is exported. This function is called -- guess how? -- easy::jit. We add the corresponding include directive them in the top of the file.

#include <easy/jit.h>

With the call to easy::jit, we specialize the function and obtain a new one taking only two parameters (the input and the output frame).

static void apply_filter(const char *mask, unsigned mask_size, unsigned mask_area, cv::Mat &image, cv::Mat *&out) {
  using namespace std::placeholders;

  auto kernel_opt = easy::jit(kernel, mask, mask_size, mask_area, _1, _2, image.rows, image.cols, image.channels());
  kernel_opt(image.ptr(0,0), out->ptr(0,0));
}

Deducing which functions to expose at runtime

Easy::jit embeds the LLVM bitcode representation of the functions to specialize at runtime in the binary code. To perform this, the library requires access to the implementation of these functions. Easy::jit does an effort to deduce which functions are specialized at runtime, still in many cases this is not possible.

In this case, it's possible to use the EASY_JIT_EXPOSE macro, as shown in the following code,

void EASY_JIT_EXPOSE kernel() { /* ... */ }

or using a regular expression during compilation. The command bellow exports all functions whose name starts with "^kernel".

clang++ ... -mllvm -easy-export="^kernel.*"  ...

Caching

In parallel to the easy/jit.h header, there is easy/code_cache.h which provides a code cache to avoid recompilation of functions that already have been generated.

Bellow we show the code from previous section, but adapted to use a code cache.

#include <easy/code_cache.h>
static void apply_filter(const char *mask, unsigned mask_size, unsigned mask_area, cv::Mat &image, cv::Mat *&out) {
  using namespace std::placeholders;

  static easy::Cache<> cache;
  auto const &kernel_opt = cache.jit(kernel, mask, mask_size, mask_area, _1, _2, image.rows, image.cols, image.channels());
  kernel_opt(image.ptr(0,0), out->ptr(0,0));
}

License

See file LICENSE at the top-level directory of this project.

Thanks

Special thanks to Quarkslab for their support on working in personal projects.

Warriors

Serge Guelton (serge_sans_paille)

Juan Manuel Martinez Caamaño (jmmartinez)

Kavon Farvardin (kavon) author of atJIT