diff --git a/ci/scripts/java_jni_manylinux_build.sh b/ci/scripts/java_jni_manylinux_build.sh
index 7480aa75aebbd..ad54dfbb5b8f1 100755
--- a/ci/scripts/java_jni_manylinux_build.sh
+++ b/ci/scripts/java_jni_manylinux_build.sh
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ export ARROW_ORC
 : ${ARROW_PARQUET:=ON}
 : ${ARROW_S3:=ON}
 : ${ARROW_USE_CCACHE:=OFF}
-: ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:=release}
+: ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:=Debug}
 : ${CMAKE_UNITY_BUILD:=ON}
 : ${VCPKG_ROOT:=/opt/vcpkg}
 : ${VCPKG_FEATURE_FLAGS:=-manifests}
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ cmake \
   -DARROW_RPATH_ORIGIN=${ARROW_RPATH_ORIGIN} \
   -DARROW_S3=${ARROW_S3} \
   -DARROW_USE_CCACHE=${ARROW_USE_CCACHE} \
+  -DARROW_EXTRA_ERROR_CONTEXT=ON \
   -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE} \
   -DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=lib \
   -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${ARROW_HOME} \