diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/build.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/build.ts
index 973dcef199d8ee..7c878c7edac2fc 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/build.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/build.ts
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ import { loadFallbackPlugin } from './plugins/loadFallback'
 import type { PackageData } from './packages'
 import { watchPackageDataPlugin } from './packages'
 import { ensureWatchPlugin } from './plugins/ensureWatch'
-import { ESBUILD_MODULES_TARGET, VERSION } from './constants'
+import { ESBUILD_MODULES_SUPPORTED_OVERRIDES, ESBUILD_MODULES_TARGET, VERSION } from './constants'
 
 export interface BuildOptions {
   /**
@@ -67,6 +67,10 @@ export interface BuildOptions {
    * https://esbuild.github.io/content-types/#javascript for more details.
    */
   target?: 'modules' | TransformOptions['target'] | false
+  supported?: {
+    "bigint"?: boolean,
+    "nullish-coalescing"?: boolean
+  },
   /**
    * whether to inject module preload polyfill.
    * Note: does not apply to library mode.
@@ -271,6 +275,7 @@ export function resolveBuildOptions(
   // handle special build targets
   if (resolved.target === 'modules') {
     resolved.target = ESBUILD_MODULES_TARGET
+    resolved.supported = ESBUILD_MODULES_SUPPORTED_OVERRIDES
   } else if (resolved.target === 'esnext' && resolved.minify === 'terser') {
     // esnext + terser: limit to es2021 so it can be minified by terser
     resolved.target = 'es2021'
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/constants.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/constants.ts
index 5a108652ef7ce6..7c0ed5e795e6d9 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/constants.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/constants.ts
@@ -18,9 +18,14 @@ export const ESBUILD_MODULES_TARGET = [
   'edge88',
   'firefox78',
   'chrome87',
-  'safari13' // transpile nullish coalescing
+  'safari13.1'
 ]
 
+export const ESBUILD_MODULES_SUPPORTED_OVERRIDES = {
+  "nullish-coalescing": false,
+  "bigint": true
+}
+
 export const DEFAULT_EXTENSIONS = [
   '.mjs',
   '.js',
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/optimizer/index.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/optimizer/index.ts
index 4cbd13f8d965a7..f06bada3714764 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/optimizer/index.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/optimizer/index.ts
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import {
   writeFile
 } from '../utils'
 import { transformWithEsbuild } from '../plugins/esbuild'
-import { ESBUILD_MODULES_TARGET } from '../constants'
+import { ESBUILD_MODULES_SUPPORTED_OVERRIDES, ESBUILD_MODULES_TARGET } from '../constants'
 import { esbuildCjsExternalPlugin, esbuildDepPlugin } from './esbuildDepPlugin'
 import { scanImports } from './scan'
 export {
@@ -600,6 +600,7 @@ export async function runOptimizeDeps(
           }
         : undefined,
     target: isBuild ? config.build.target || undefined : ESBUILD_MODULES_TARGET,
+    supported: isBuild ? undefined : ESBUILD_MODULES_SUPPORTED_OVERRIDES,
     external,
     logLevel: 'error',
     splitting: true,
@@ -1041,6 +1042,7 @@ export function getDepHash(config: ResolvedConfig, ssr: boolean): string {
       root: config.root,
       resolve: config.resolve,
       buildTarget: config.build.target,
+      buildSupported: config.build.supported,
       assetsInclude: config.assetsInclude,
       plugins: config.plugins.map((p) => p.name),
       optimizeDeps: {
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/esbuild.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/esbuild.ts
index 42e5bbac76316a..fa8f83b7bae18a 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/esbuild.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/esbuild.ts
@@ -288,6 +288,7 @@ export function resolveEsbuildTranspileOptions(
   format: InternalModuleFormat
 ): TransformOptions | null {
   const target = config.build.target
+  const supported = config.build.supported
   const minify = config.build.minify === 'esbuild'
 
   if ((!target || target === 'esnext') && !minify) {
@@ -301,6 +302,7 @@ export function resolveEsbuildTranspileOptions(
   const options: TransformOptions = {
     ...config.esbuild,
     target: target || undefined,
+    supported: supported || undefined,
     format: rollupToEsbuildFormatMap[format]
   }