diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Support/helpers.php b/src/Illuminate/Support/helpers.php
index 5b3847f4a54f..e428824ae65b 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Support/helpers.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Support/helpers.php
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ function e($value, $doubleEncode = true)
             $value = $value->value;
         }
 
-        return htmlspecialchars($value ?? '', ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8', $doubleEncode);
+        return htmlspecialchars($value ?? '', ENT_QUOTES | ENT_SUBSTITUTE, 'UTF-8', $doubleEncode);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/Support/SupportHelpersTest.php b/tests/Support/SupportHelpersTest.php
index 1dec3cd9ad0e..aa1dda34cd74 100755
--- a/tests/Support/SupportHelpersTest.php
+++ b/tests/Support/SupportHelpersTest.php
@@ -37,6 +37,12 @@ public function testE()
         $this->assertEquals($str, e($html));
     }
 
+    public function testEWithInvalidCodePoints()
+    {
+        $str = mb_convert_encoding('føø bar', 'ISO-8859-1', 'UTF-8');
+        $this->assertEquals('f�� bar', e($str));
+    }
+
     /**
      * @requires PHP >= 8.1
      */