diff --git a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Collection.php b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Collection.php
index 79785c67da2d..04cfbb0f2728 100755
--- a/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Collection.php
+++ b/src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Collection.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\QueueableCollection;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\QueueableEntity;
 use Illuminate\Contracts\Support\Arrayable;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\Concerns\InteractsWithDictionary;
 use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
 use Illuminate\Support\Collection as BaseCollection;
 use LogicException;
@@ -17,6 +18,8 @@
  */
 class Collection extends BaseCollection implements QueueableCollection
 {
+    use InteractsWithDictionary;
+
     /**
      * Find a model in the collection by key.
      *
@@ -322,7 +325,7 @@ public function merge($items)
         $dictionary = $this->getDictionary();
 
         foreach ($items as $item) {
-            $dictionary[$item->getKey()] = $item;
+            $dictionary[$this->getDictionaryKey($item->getKey())] = $item;
         }
 
         return new static(array_values($dictionary));
@@ -398,7 +401,7 @@ public function diff($items)
         $dictionary = $this->getDictionary($items);
 
         foreach ($this->items as $item) {
-            if (! isset($dictionary[$item->getKey()])) {
+            if (! isset($dictionary[$this->getDictionaryKey($item->getKey())])) {
                 $diff->add($item);
             }
         }
@@ -423,7 +426,7 @@ public function intersect($items)
         $dictionary = $this->getDictionary($items);
 
         foreach ($this->items as $item) {
-            if (isset($dictionary[$item->getKey()])) {
+            if (isset($dictionary[$this->getDictionaryKey($item->getKey())])) {
                 $intersect->add($item);
             }
         }
@@ -459,7 +462,7 @@ public function only($keys)
             return new static($this->items);
         }
 
-        $dictionary = Arr::only($this->getDictionary(), $keys);
+        $dictionary = Arr::only($this->getDictionary(), array_map($this->getDictionaryKey(...), (array) $keys));
 
         return new static(array_values($dictionary));
     }
@@ -472,7 +475,7 @@ public function only($keys)
      */
     public function except($keys)
     {
-        $dictionary = Arr::except($this->getDictionary(), $keys);
+        $dictionary = Arr::except($this->getDictionary(), array_map($this->getDictionaryKey(...), (array) $keys));
 
         return new static(array_values($dictionary));
     }
@@ -545,7 +548,7 @@ public function getDictionary($items = null)
         $dictionary = [];
 
         foreach ($items as $value) {
-            $dictionary[$value->getKey()] = $value;
+            $dictionary[$this->getDictionaryKey($value->getKey())] = $value;
         }
 
         return $dictionary;
diff --git a/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentCollectionTest.php b/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentCollectionTest.php
index a6863b4e8041..201061135781 100755
--- a/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentCollectionTest.php
+++ b/tests/Database/DatabaseEloquentCollectionTest.php
@@ -608,6 +608,25 @@ public function testLoadExistsShouldCastBool()
         $this->assertContainsOnly('bool', $commentsExists);
     }
 
+    public function testWithNonScalarKey()
+    {
+        $fooKey = new EloquentTestKey('foo');
+        $foo = m::mock(Model::class);
+        $foo->shouldReceive('getKey')->andReturn($fooKey);
+
+        $barKey = new EloquentTestKey('bar');
+        $bar = m::mock(Model::class);
+        $bar->shouldReceive('getKey')->andReturn($barKey);
+
+        $collection = new Collection([$foo, $bar]);
+
+        $this->assertCount(1, $collection->only([$fooKey]));
+        $this->assertSame($foo, $collection->only($fooKey)->first());
+
+        $this->assertCount(1, $collection->except([$fooKey]));
+        $this->assertSame($bar, $collection->except($fooKey)->first());
+    }
+
     /**
      * Helpers...
      */
@@ -689,3 +708,13 @@ class EloquentTestCommentModel extends Model
     protected $guarded = [];
     public $timestamps = false;
 }
+
+class EloquentTestKey
+{
+    public function __construct(private readonly string $key) {}
+
+    public function __toString()
+    {
+        return $this->key;
+    }
+}