diff --git a/src/System.Security.Cryptography.Xml/tests/CipherDataTests.cs b/src/System.Security.Cryptography.Xml/tests/CipherDataTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5b7e24e30149
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/System.Security.Cryptography.Xml/tests/CipherDataTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using System.Xml;
+using Xunit;
+using Xunit.Extensions;
+
+namespace System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.Tests
+{
+    public class CipherDataTests
+    {
+        [Fact]
+        public void Constructor_Empty()
+        {
+            CipherData cipherData = new CipherData();
+
+            Assert.Null(cipherData.CipherReference);
+            Assert.Null(cipherData.CipherValue);
+            Assert.Throws<CryptographicException>(() => cipherData.GetXml());
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Constructor_CipherValue_Null()
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => new CipherData((byte[])null));
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [InlineData(new byte[0])]
+        [InlineData(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 })]
+        public void Constructor_CipherValue(byte[] cipherValue)
+        {
+            CipherData cipherData = new CipherData(cipherValue);
+
+            Assert.Equal(cipherValue, cipherData.CipherValue);
+            Assert.Null(cipherData.CipherReference);
+
+            XmlElement xmlElement = cipherData.GetXml();
+            Assert.NotNull(xmlElement);
+            Assert.Equal(
+                $"<CipherData xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#\"><CipherValue>{Convert.ToBase64String(cipherValue)}</CipherValue></CipherData>",
+                xmlElement.OuterXml);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Constructor_CipherReference_Null()
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => new CipherData((CipherReference)null));
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(Constructor_CipherReference_Source))]
+        public void Constructor_CipherReference(CipherReference cipherReference)
+        {
+            CipherData cipherData = new CipherData(cipherReference);
+
+            Assert.Null(cipherData.CipherValue);
+            Assert.Equal(cipherReference, cipherData.CipherReference);
+
+            XmlElement xmlElement = cipherData.GetXml();
+            Assert.NotNull(xmlElement);
+            if (cipherReference.Uri != string.Empty)
+            {
+                Assert.Equal(
+                    $"<CipherData xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#\"><CipherReference URI=\"{cipherReference.Uri}\" /></CipherData>",
+                    xmlElement.OuterXml);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Assert.Equal(
+                    "<CipherData xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#\"><CipherReference /></CipherData>",
+                    xmlElement.OuterXml);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static IEnumerable<object[]> Constructor_CipherReference_Source()
+        {
+            return new object[][]
+            {
+                new [] { new CipherReference() },
+                new [] { new CipherReference("http://dummy.urionly.io") },
+                new [] { new CipherReference("http://dummy.uri.transform.io", new TransformChain()) },
+            };
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CipherReference_Null()
+        {
+            CipherData cipherData = new CipherData();
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => cipherData.CipherReference = null);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CipherReference_CipherValueSet()
+        {
+            CipherData cipherData = new CipherData(new byte[0]);
+            Assert.Throws<CryptographicException>(() => cipherData.CipherReference = new CipherReference());
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CipherValue_Null()
+        {
+            CipherData cipherData = new CipherData(new CipherReference());
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => cipherData.CipherValue = null);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CipherValue_CipherReferenceSet()
+        {
+            CipherData cipherData = new CipherData(new CipherReference());
+            Assert.Throws<CryptographicException>(() => cipherData.CipherValue = new byte[0]);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void LoadXml_Null()
+        {
+            CipherData cipherData = new CipherData();
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => cipherData.LoadXml(null));
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void LoadXml_NoValueOrReference()
+        {
+            XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument();
+            xmlDocument.LoadXml("<root/>");
+
+            CipherData cipherData = new CipherData();
+
+            Assert.Throws<CryptographicException>(() => cipherData.LoadXml(xmlDocument.DocumentElement));
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(LoadXml_CipherValue_Source))]
+        public void LoadXml_CipherValue(XmlElement xmlElement, byte[] cipherValue)
+        {
+            CipherData cipherData = new CipherData();
+            cipherData.LoadXml(xmlElement);
+
+            Assert.Equal(cipherValue, cipherData.CipherValue);
+            Assert.Null(cipherData.CipherReference);
+
+            XmlElement gotXmlElement = cipherData.GetXml();
+            Assert.NotNull(gotXmlElement);
+            Assert.Equal(xmlElement.OuterXml, gotXmlElement.OuterXml);
+        }
+
+        public static IEnumerable<object[]> LoadXml_CipherValue_Source()
+        {
+            return new[]
+            {
+                ToCipherDataTestCase("<root xmlns:enc='{0}'><enc:CipherValue>{1}</enc:CipherValue></root>", new byte[0]),
+                ToCipherDataTestCase("<root xmlns:enc='{0}'><enc:CipherValue>{1}</enc:CipherValue></root>", new byte[] { 5, 6, 7 }),
+                ToCipherDataTestCase("<root xmlns='{0}'><CipherValue>{1}</CipherValue></root>", new byte[0]),
+            };
+        }
+
+        public static object[] ToCipherDataTestCase(string xml, byte[] cipherData)
+        {
+            XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument();
+            xmlDocument.LoadXml(string.Format(xml, EncryptedXml.XmlEncNamespaceUrl, Convert.ToBase64String(cipherData)));
+            return new object[] { xmlDocument.DocumentElement, cipherData };
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [MemberData(nameof(LoadXml_CipherReference_Source))]
+        public void LoadXml_CipherReference(XmlElement xmlElement, string uri)
+        {
+            CipherData cipherData = new CipherData();
+            cipherData.LoadXml(xmlElement);
+
+            Assert.Equal(uri, cipherData.CipherReference.Uri);
+            Assert.Null(cipherData.CipherValue);
+
+            XmlElement gotXmlElement = cipherData.GetXml();
+            Assert.NotNull(gotXmlElement);
+            Assert.Equal(xmlElement.OuterXml, gotXmlElement.OuterXml);
+        }
+
+        public static IEnumerable<object[]> LoadXml_CipherReference_Source()
+        {
+            return new[]
+            {
+                ToCipherReferenceXmlElement("<root xmlns:enc='{0}'><enc:CipherReference URI=\"{1}\" /></root>", "http://dummy.io"),
+                ToCipherReferenceXmlElement("<root xmlns:enc='{0}'><enc:CipherReference URI=\"{1}\" /></root>", "https://encrypted.dummy.io"),
+                ToCipherReferenceXmlElement("<root xmlns='{0}'><CipherReference URI=\"{1}\" /></root>", "ftp://wtf.org"),
+            };
+        }
+
+        public static object[] ToCipherReferenceXmlElement(string xml, string uri)
+        {
+            XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument();
+            xmlDocument.LoadXml(string.Format(xml, EncryptedXml.XmlEncNamespaceUrl, uri));
+            return new object[] { xmlDocument.DocumentElement, uri };
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/System.Security.Cryptography.Xml/tests/System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.Tests.csproj b/src/System.Security.Cryptography.Xml/tests/System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.Tests.csproj
index e6b91efe4bbf..fb3172ba333e 100644
--- a/src/System.Security.Cryptography.Xml/tests/System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.Tests.csproj
+++ b/src/System.Security.Cryptography.Xml/tests/System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.Tests.csproj
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
     <ProjectGuid>{3C32659A-6DB9-410A-8E24-BE91BFF4C024}</ProjectGuid>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
+    <Compile Include="CipherDataTests.cs" />
     <Compile Include="DsaKeyValueTests.cs" />
     <Compile Include="EncryptedXmlEqualityComparer.cs" />
     <Compile Include="KeyInfoTests.cs" />