feat: add fast trigonometric functions

[Soptq]

This PR adds fast trigonometric functions (sin, cos, tan) to the library. Compared to standard trigonometric functions, fast trigonometric functions are computational and spacial efficient, with minor (acceptable errors).

Pull Request type

Please check the type of change your PR introduces:

• Bugfix
• Feature
• Code style update (formatting, renaming)
• Refactoring (no functional changes, no API changes)
• Build-related changes
• Documentation content changes
• Other (please describe):

What is the current behavior?

Issue Number: N/A

What is the new behavior?

• Add fast trigonometric functions (sin, cos, tan) to the library
• All tests are passed

Does this introduce a breaking change?

• Yes
• No

Other information

[0xLucqs]

why not i64 everywhere ?

[Soptq]

why not i64 everywhere ?

Thanks @LucasLvy for taking time to review this PR!

It seems that i64 does not implement core::traits::Div and core::traits::Rem, which is crucial for the fast trigonometric algorithm. Consequently, I decided to firstly implement sin(x) for x > 0, and thereby obtaining sin(x), cos(x) and tan(x) for x < 0 and x > 0 using symmetry properties.