-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 2
/
dataset_english.json
5740 lines (5740 loc) · 694 KB
/
dataset_english.json
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
{
"chapters": {
"1": {
"chapter_number": 1,
"chapter_summary": "The first chapter of the Bhagavad Gita - Arjuna Vishada Yoga introduces the setup, the setting, the characters and the circumstances that led to the epic battle of Mahabharata, fought between the Pandavas and the Kauravas. It outlines the reasons that led to the revelation of the of Bhagavad Gita.\nAs both armies stand ready for the battle, the mighty warrior Arjuna, on observing the warriors on both sides becomes increasingly sad and depressed due to the fear of losing his relatives and friends and the consequent sins attributed to killing his own relatives. So, he surrenders to Lord Krishna, seeking a solution. Thus, follows the wisdom of the Bhagavad Gita.",
"name": "Arjuna Visada Yoga",
"name_meaning": "Arjuna's Dilemma",
"verses_count": 47,
"verse_numbers": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24",
"25",
"26",
"27",
"28",
"29",
"30",
"31",
"32",
"33",
"34",
"35",
"36",
"37",
"38",
"39",
"40",
"41",
"42",
"43",
"44",
"45",
"46",
"47"
]
},
"2": {
"chapter_number": 2,
"chapter_summary": "The second chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is Sankhya Yoga. This is the most important chapter of the Bhagavad Gita as Lord Krishna condenses the teachings of the entire Gita in this chapter. This chapter is the essence of the entire Gita.\nSankhya Yoga can be categorized into 4 main topics -\n1. Arjuna completely surrenders himself to Lord Krishna and accepts his position as a disciple and Krishna as his Guru. He requests Krishna to guide him on how to dismiss his sorrow.\n2. Explanation of the main cause of all grief, which is ignorance of the true nature of Self.\n3. Karma Yoga - the discipline of selfless action without being attached to its fruits.\n4. Description of a Perfect Man - One whose mind is steady and one-pointed.",
"name": "Sankhya Yoga",
"name_meaning": "Transcendental Knowledge",
"verses_count": 71,
"verse_numbers": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24",
"25",
"26",
"27",
"28",
"29",
"30",
"31",
"32",
"33",
"34",
"35",
"36",
"37",
"38",
"39",
"40",
"41",
"42-43",
"44",
"45",
"46",
"47",
"48",
"49",
"50",
"51",
"52",
"53",
"54",
"55",
"56",
"57",
"58",
"59",
"60",
"61",
"62",
"63",
"64",
"65",
"66",
"67",
"68",
"69",
"70",
"71",
"72"
]
},
"3": {
"chapter_number": 3,
"chapter_summary": "The third chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is Karma Yoga or the Path of Selfless Service. Here Lord Krishna emphasizes the importance of karma in life. He reveals that it is important for every human being to engage in some sort of activity in this material world. Further, he describes the kinds of actions that lead to bondage and the kinds that lead to liberation. Those persons who continue to perform their respective duties externally for the pleasure of the Supreme, without attachment to its rewards get liberation at the end.",
"name": "Karma Yoga",
"name_meaning": "Path of Selfless Service",
"verses_count": 43,
"verse_numbers": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24",
"25",
"26",
"27",
"28",
"29",
"30",
"31",
"32",
"33",
"34",
"35",
"36",
"37",
"38",
"39",
"40",
"41",
"42",
"43"
]
},
"4": {
"chapter_number": 4,
"chapter_summary": "The fourth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is Jnana Karma Sanyasa Yoga. In this chapter, Krishna glorifies the Karma Yoga and imparts the Transcendental Knowledge (the knowledge of the soul and the Ultimate Truth) to Arjuna. He reveals the reason behind his appearance in this material world. He reveals that even though he is eternal, he reincarnates time after time to re-establish dharma and peace on this Earth. His births and activities are eternal and are never contaminated by material flaws. Those persons who know and understand this Truth engage in his devotion with full faith and eventually attain Him. They do not have to take birth in this world again.",
"name": "Jnana Karma Sanyasa Yoga",
"name_meaning": "Path of Knowledge and the Disciplines of Action",
"verses_count": 41,
"verse_numbers": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24",
"25",
"26",
"27",
"28",
"29-30",
"31",
"32",
"33",
"34",
"35",
"36",
"37",
"38",
"39",
"40",
"41",
"42"
]
},
"5": {
"chapter_number": 5,
"chapter_summary": "The fifth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is Karma Sanyasa Yoga. In this chapter, Krishna compares the paths of renunciation in actions (Karma Sanyas) and actions with detachment (Karma Yoga) and explains that both are means to reach the same goal and we can choose either. A wise person should perform his/her worldly duties without attachment to the fruits of his/her actions and dedicate them to God. This way they remain unaffected by sin and eventually attain liberation.",
"name": "Karma Sanyasa Yoga",
"name_meaning": "Path of Renunciation",
"verses_count": 27,
"verse_numbers": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8-9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24",
"25",
"26",
"27-28",
"29"
]
},
"6": {
"chapter_number": 6,
"chapter_summary": "The sixth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is Dhyana Yoga. In this chapter, Krishna reveals the Yoga of Meditation and how to practise this Yoga. He discusses the role of action in preparing for Meditation, how performing duties in devotion purifies one's mind and heightens one's spiritual consciousness. He explains in detail the obstacles that one faces when trying to control their mind and the exact methods by which one can conquer their mind. He reveals how one can focus their mind on Paramatma and unite with the God.",
"name": "Dhyana Yoga",
"name_meaning": "Path of Meditation",
"verses_count": 47,
"verse_numbers": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24",
"25",
"26",
"27",
"28",
"29",
"30",
"31",
"32",
"33",
"34",
"35",
"36",
"37",
"38",
"39",
"40",
"41",
"42",
"43",
"44",
"45",
"46",
"47"
]
},
"7": {
"chapter_number": 7,
"chapter_summary": "The seventh chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is Gyaan Vigyana Yoga . In this chapter, Krishna reveals that he is the Supreme Truth, the principal cause and the sustaining force of everything. He reveals his illusionary energy in this material world called Maya, which is very difficult to overcome but those who surrender their minds unto Him attain Him easily. He also describes the four types of people who surrender to Him in devotion and the four kinds that don't. Krishna confirms that He is the Ultimate Reality and those who realize this Truth reach the pinnacle of spiritual realization and unite with the Lord.",
"name": "Gyaan Vigyana Yoga",
"name_meaning": "Self-Knowledge and Enlightenment",
"verses_count": 30,
"verse_numbers": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24",
"25",
"26",
"27",
"28",
"29",
"30"
]
},
"8": {
"chapter_number": 8,
"chapter_summary": "The eighth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is Akshara Brahma Yoga. In this chapter, Krishna reveals the importance of the last thought before death. If we can remember Krishna at the time of death, we will certainly attain him. Thus, it is very important to be in constant awareness of the Lord at all times, thinking of Him and chanting His names at all times. By perfectly absorbing their mind in Him through constant devotion, one can go beyond this material existence to Lord's Supreme abode.",
"name": "Akshara Brahma Yoga",
"name_meaning": "Path of the Eternal God",
"verses_count": 28,
"verse_numbers": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24",
"25",
"26",
"27",
"28"
]
},
"9": {
"chapter_number": 9,
"chapter_summary": "The ninth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is Raja Vidya Yoga. In this chapter, Krishna explains that He is Supreme and how this material existence is created, maintained and destroyed by His Yogmaya and all beings come and go under his supervision. He reveals the Role and the Importance of Bhakti (transcendental devotional service) towards our Spiritual Awakening. In such devotion, one must live for the God, offer everything that he possesses to Him and do everything for Him only. One who follows such devotion becomes free from the bonds of this material world and unites with the Lord.",
"name": "Raja Vidya Yoga",
"name_meaning": "Yoga through the King of Sciences",
"verses_count": 34,
"verse_numbers": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24",
"25",
"26",
"27",
"28",
"29",
"30",
"31",
"32",
"33",
"34"
]
},
"10": {
"chapter_number": 10,
"chapter_summary": "The tenth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is Vibhooti Yoga. In this chapter, Krishna reveals Himself as the cause of all causes. He describes His various manifestations and opulences in order to increase Arjuna's Bhakti. Arjuna is fully convinced of Lord's paramount position and proclaims him to be the Supreme Personality. He prays to Krishna to describe more of His divine glories which are like nectar to hear.",
"name": "Vibhooti Yoga",
"name_meaning": "Yoga through Appreciating the Infinite Opulences of God",
"verses_count": 41,
"verse_numbers": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4-5",
"6",
"7",
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24",
"25",
"26",
"27",
"28",
"29",
"30",
"31",
"32",
"33",
"34",
"35",
"36",
"37",
"38",
"39",
"40",
"41",
"42"
]
},
"11": {
"chapter_number": 11,
"chapter_summary": "The eleventh chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga. In this chapter, Arjuna requests Krishna to reveal His Universal Cosmic Form that encompasses all the universes, the entire existence. Arjuna is granted divine vision to be able to see the entirety of creation in the body of the Supreme Lord Krishna.",
"name": "Vishwaroopa Darshana Yoga",
"name_meaning": "Yoga through Beholding the Cosmic Form of God",
"verses_count": 54,
"verse_numbers": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24",
"25",
"26-27",
"28",
"29",
"30",
"31",
"32",
"33",
"34",
"35",
"36",
"37",
"38",
"39",
"40",
"41",
"42",
"43",
"44",
"45",
"46",
"47",
"48",
"49",
"50",
"51",
"52",
"53",
"54",
"55"
]
},
"12": {
"chapter_number": 12,
"chapter_summary": "The twelfth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is Bhakti Yoga. In this chapter, Krishna emphasizes the superiority of Bhakti Yoga (the path of devotion) over all other types of spiritual disciplines and reveals various aspects of devotion. He further explains that the devotees who perform pure devotional service to Him, with their consciousness, merged in Him and all their actions dedicated to Him, are quickly liberated from the cycle of life and death. He also describes the various qualities of the devotees who are very dear to Him.",
"name": "Bhakti Yoga",
"name_meaning": "The Yoga of Devotion",
"verses_count": 19,
"verse_numbers": [
"1",
"2",
"3-4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20"
]
},
"13": {
"chapter_number": 13,
"chapter_summary": "The thirteenth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is Ksetra Ksetrajna Vibhaaga Yoga. The word kshetra means the field, and the kshetrajna means the knower of the field. We can think of our material body as the field and our immortal soul as the knower of the field. In this chapter, Krishna discriminates between the physical body and the immortal soul. He explains that the physical body is temporary and perishable whereas the soul is permanent and eternal. The physical body can be destroyed but the soul can never be destroyed. The chapter then describes God, who is the Supreme Soul. All the individual souls have originated from the Supreme Soul. One who clearly understands the difference between the body, the Soul and the Supreme Soul attains the realization of Brahman.",
"name": "Ksetra Ksetrajna Vibhaaga Yoga",
"name_meaning": "Yoga through Distinguishing the Field and the Knower of the Field",
"verses_count": 35,
"verse_numbers": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24",
"25",
"26",
"27",
"28",
"29",
"30",
"31",
"32",
"33",
"34",
"35"
]
},
"14": {
"chapter_number": 14,
"chapter_summary": "The fourteenth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is Gunatraya Vibhaga Yoga. In this chapter, Krishna reveals the three gunas (modes) of the material nature - goodness, passion and ignorance which everything in the material existence is influenced by. He further explains the essential characteristics of each of these modes, their cause and how they influence a living entity affected by them. He then reveals the various characteristics of the persons who have gone beyond these gunas. The chapter ends with Krishna reminding us of the power of pure devotion to God and how attachment to God can help us transcend these gunas.",
"name": "Gunatraya Vibhaga Yoga",
"name_meaning": "Yoga through Understanding the Three Modes of Material Nature",
"verses_count": 27,
"verse_numbers": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24",
"25",
"26",
"27"
]
},
"15": {
"chapter_number": 15,
"chapter_summary": "The fifteenth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is Purushottama Yoga. In Sanskrit, Purusha means the All-pervading God, and Purushottam means the timeless & transcendental aspect of God. Krishna reveals that the purpose of this Transcendental knowledge of the God is to detach ourselves from the bondage of the material world and to understand Krishna as the Supreme Divine Personality, who is the eternal controller and sustainer of the world. One who understands this Ultimate Truth surrenders to Him and engages in His devotional service.",
"name": "Purushottama Yoga",
"name_meaning": "The Yoga of the Supreme Divine Personality",
"verses_count": 20,
"verse_numbers": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20"
]
},
"16": {
"chapter_number": 16,
"chapter_summary": "The sixteenth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is Daivasura Sampad Vibhaga Yoga. In this chapter, Krishna describes explicitly the two kinds of natures among human beings - divine and demoniac. Those who possess demonaic qualities associate themselves with the modes of passion and ignorance do not follow the regulations of the scriptures and embrace materialistic views. These people attain lower births and further material bondage. But people who possess divine qualities, follow the instructions of the scriptures, associate themselves with the mode of goodness and purify the mind through spiritual practices. This leads to the enhancement of divine qualities and they eventually attain spiritual realization.",
"name": "Daivasura Sampad Vibhaga Yoga",
"name_meaning": "Yoga through Discerning the Divine and Demoniac Natures",
"verses_count": 23,
"verse_numbers": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15-16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24"
]
},
"17": {
"chapter_number": 17,
"chapter_summary": "The seventeenth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is Sraddhatraya Vibhaga Yoga. In this chapter, Krishna describes the three types of faith corresponding to the three modes of the material nature. Lord Krishna further reveals that it is the nature of faith that determines the quality of life and the character of living entities. Those who have faith in passion and ignorance perform actions that yield temporary, material results while those who have faith in goodness perform actions in accordance with scriptural instructions and hence their hearts get further purified.",
"name": "Sraddhatraya Vibhaga Yoga",
"name_meaning": "Yoga through Discerning the Three Divisions of Faith",
"verses_count": 28,
"verse_numbers": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24",
"25",
"26",
"27",
"28"
]
},
"18": {
"chapter_number": 18,
"chapter_summary": "The eighteenth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita is Moksha Sanyas Yoga. Arjuna requests the Lord to explain the difference between the two types of renunciations - sanyaas(renunciation of actions) and tyaag(renunciation of desires). Krishna explains that a sanyaasi is one who abandons family and society in order to practise spiritual discipline whereas a tyaagi is one who performs their duties without attachment to the rewards of their actions and dedicating them to the God. Krishna recommends the second kind of renunciation - tyaag. Krishna then gives a detailed analysis of the effects of the three modes of material nature. He declares that the highest path of spirituality is pure, unconditional loving service unto the Supreme Divine Personality, Krishna. If we always remember Him, keep chanting His name and dedicate all our actions unto Him, take refuge in Him and make Him our Supreme goal, then by His grace, we will surely overcome all obstacles and difficulties and be freed from this cycle of birth and death.",
"name": "Moksha Sanyaas Yoga",
"name_meaning": "Yoga through the Perfection of Renunciation and Surrender",
"verses_count": 77,
"verse_numbers": [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5",
"6",
"7",
"8",
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
"16",
"17",
"18",
"19",
"20",
"21",
"22",
"23",
"24",
"25",
"26",
"27",
"28",
"29",
"30",
"31",
"32",
"33",
"34",
"35",
"36-37",
"38",
"39",
"40",
"41",
"42",
"43",
"44",
"45",
"46",
"47",
"48",
"49",
"50",
"51",
"52",
"53",
"54",
"55",
"56",
"57",
"58",
"59",
"60",
"61",
"62",
"63",
"64",
"65",
"66",
"67",
"68",
"69",
"70",
"71",
"72",
"73",
"74",
"75",
"76",
"77",
"78"
]
}
},
"verses": {
"1": {
"1": {
"meaning": "Dhritarastra said: O Sanjaya, what did my sons and the sons of Pandu actually do when, eager for battle, they gathered together on the holy field of Kuruksetra?",
"text": "धृतराष्ट्र उवाच |\nधर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सवः |\nमामकाः पाण्डवाश्चैव किमकुर्वत सञ्जय ॥1॥\n",
"verse_number": "1",
"word_meanings": "dhṛitarāśhtraḥ uvācha—Dhritarashtra said; dharma-kṣhetre—the land of dharma; kuru-kṣhetre—at Kurukshetra; samavetāḥ—having gathered; yuyutsavaḥ—desiring to fight; māmakāḥ—my sons; pāṇḍavāḥ—the sons of Pandu; cha—and; eva—certainly; kim—what; akurvata—did they do; sañjaya—Sanjay\n",
"transliteration": "dhṛitarāśhtra uvācha\ndharma-kṣhetre kuru-kṣhetre samavetā yuyutsavaḥ\nmāmakāḥ pāṇḍavāśhchaiva kimakurvata sañjaya\n"
},
"2": {
"meaning": "Sanjaya said: But then, seeing the army of the Pandavas in battle array, King Duryodhana approached his teacher (Dronacharya) and spoke the following words:",
"text": "सञ्जय उवाच ।\nदृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा ।\nआचार्यमुपसङ्गम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत् ॥2॥\n",
"verse_number": "2",
"word_meanings": "sanjayaḥ uvācha—Sanjay said; dṛiṣhṭvā—on observing; tu—but; pāṇḍava-anīkam—the Pandava army; vyūḍham—standing in a military formation; duryodhanaḥ—King Duryodhan; tadā—then; āchāryam—teacher; upasaṅgamya—approached; rājā—the king; vachanam—words; abravīt—spoke\n",
"transliteration": "sañjaya uvācha\ndṛiṣhṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṁ vyūḍhaṁ duryodhanastadā\nāchāryamupasaṅgamya rājā vachanamabravīt\n"
},
"3": {
"meaning": "O teacher, (please) see this vast army of the sons of Pandu, arrayed for battle by the son of Drupada, your intelligent disciple, Dhrishtadyumna.",
"text": "पश्यैतां पाण्डुपुत्राणामाचार्य महतीं चमूम् ।\nव्यूढां द्रुपदपुत्रेण तव शिष्येण धीमता ॥3॥\n",
"verse_number": "3",
"word_meanings": "paśhya—behold; etām—this; pāṇḍu-putrāṇām—of the sons of Pandu; āchārya—respected teacher; mahatīm—mighty; chamūm—army; vyūḍhām—arrayed in a military formation; drupada-putreṇa—son of Drupad, Dhrishtadyumna; tava—by your; śhiṣhyeṇa—disciple; dhī-matā—intelligent\n",
"transliteration": "paśhyaitāṁ pāṇḍu-putrāṇām āchārya mahatīṁ chamūm\nvyūḍhāṁ drupada-putreṇa tava śhiṣhyeṇa dhīmatā\n"
},
"4": {
"meaning": "There are in this army, heroes wielding great bows, and equal in military prowess to Bhima and Arjuna: Yuyudhana (Satyaki) and Virata, and the maharatha (great chariot-rider) Drupada;",
"text": "अत्र शूरा महेष्वासा भीमार्जुनसमा युधि |\nयुयुधानो विराटश्च द्रुपदश्च महारथ: ॥4॥\n",
"verse_number": "4",
"word_meanings": "atra—here; śhūrāḥ—powerful warriors; mahā-iṣhu-āsāḥ—great bowmen; bhīma-arjuna-samāḥ—equal to Bheem and Arjun; yudhi—in military prowess; yuyudhānaḥ—Yuyudhan; virāṭaḥ—Virat; cha—and; drupadaḥ—Drupad; cha—also; mahā-rathaḥ—warriors who could single handedly match the strength of ten thousand ordinary warriors;\n",
"transliteration": "atra śhūrā maheṣhvāsā bhīmārjuna-samā yudhi\nyuyudhāno virāṭaśhcha drupadaśhcha mahā-rathaḥ\n"
},
"5": {
"meaning": "Dhrstaketu, Cekitana, and the valiant king of Kasi (Varanasi); Purujit and Kuntibhoja, and Saibya, the choicest among men;",
"text": "धृष्टकेतुश्चेकितान: काशिराजश्च वीर्यवान् |\nपुरुजित्कुन्तिभोजश्च शैयश्च नरपुङ्गव: ॥5॥\nयुधामन्युश्च विक्रान्त उत्तमौजाश्च वीर्यवान् |\n",
"verse_number": "5",
"word_meanings": "dhṛiṣhṭaketuḥ—Dhrishtaketu; chekitānaḥ—Chekitan; kāśhirājaḥ—Kashiraj; cha—and; vīrya-vān—heroic; purujit—Purujit; kuntibhojaḥ—Kuntibhoj; cha—and; śhaibyaḥ—Shaibya; cha—and; nara-puṅgavaḥ—best of men; yudhāmanyuḥ—Yudhamanyu; cha—and; vikrāntaḥ—courageous; uttamaujāḥ—Uttamauja; cha—and; vīrya-vān—gallant;\n",
"transliteration": "dhṛiṣhṭaketuśhchekitānaḥ kāśhirājaśhcha vīryavān\npurujit kuntibhojaśhcha śhaibyaśhcha nara-puṅgavaḥ\nyudhāmanyuśhcha vikrānta uttamaujāśhcha vīryavān\n"
},
"6": {
"meaning": "And the chivalrous Yudhamanyu, and the valiant Uttamaujas; son of Subhadra (Abhimanyu) and the sons of Draupadi all (of whom) are, verily, maharathas.",
"text": "सौभद्रो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्व एव महारथा: ॥6॥\n",
"verse_number": "6",
"word_meanings": "saubhadraḥ—the son of Subhadra; draupadeyāḥ—the sons of Draupadi; cha—and; sarve—all; eva—indeed; mahā-rathāḥ—warriors who could single handedly match the strength of ten thousand ordinary warriors\n",
"transliteration": "saubhadro draupadeyāśhcha sarva eva mahā-rathāḥ\n"
},
"7": {
"meaning": "But, O best among the Brahmanas, please be appraised of those who are foremost among us, the principal warriors of my army. I speak of them to you by way of example.",
"text": "अस्माकं तु विशिष्टा ये तान्निबोध द्विजोत्तम |\nनायका मम सैन्यस्य संज्ञार्थं तान्ब्रवीमि ते ॥7॥\n",
"verse_number": "7",
"word_meanings": "asmākam—ours; tu—but; viśhiṣhṭāḥ—special; ye—who; tān—them; nibodha—be informed; dwija-uttama—best of Brahmnis; nāyakāḥ—principal generals; mama—our; sainyasya—of army; sanjñā-artham—for information; tān—them; bravīmi—I recount; te—unto you\n",
"transliteration": "asmākaṁ tu viśhiṣhṭā ye tānnibodha dwijottama\nnāyakā mama sainyasya sanjñārthaṁ tānbravīmi te\n"
},
"8": {
"meaning": "(They are:) Your venerable self, Bhisma and Karna, and Krpa who is ever victorious in battle; Asvatthama, Vikarna, Saumadatti and Jayadratha.",
"text": "भवान्भीष्मश्च कर्णश्च कृपश्च समितिञ्जय: |\nअश्वत्थामा विकर्णश्च सौमदत्तिस्तथैव च ॥8॥\n",
"verse_number": "8",
"word_meanings": "bhavān—yourself; bhīṣhmaḥ—Bheeshma; cha—and; karṇaḥ—Karna; cha—and; kṛipaḥ—Kripa; cha—and; samitim-jayaḥ—victorious in battle; aśhvatthāmā—Ashvatthama; vikarṇaḥ—Vikarna; cha—and; saumadattiḥ—Bhurishrava; tathā—thus; eva—even; cha—also\n",
"transliteration": "bhavānbhīṣhmaśhcha karṇaśhcha kṛipaśhcha samitiñjayaḥ\naśhvatthāmā vikarṇaśhcha saumadattis tathaiva cha\n"
},
"9": {
"meaning": "There are many heroes who have dedicated their lives for my sake, who possess various kinds of weapons and missiles, (and) all of whom are skilled in battle.",
"text": "अन्ये च बहव: शूरा मदर्थे त्यक्तजीविता: |\nनानाशस्त्रप्रहरणा: सर्वे युद्धविशारदा: ॥9॥\n",
"verse_number": "9",
"word_meanings": "anye—others; cha—also; bahavaḥ—many; śhūrāḥ—heroic warriors; mat-arthe—for my sake; tyakta-jīvitāḥ—prepared to lay down their lives; nānā-śhastra-praharaṇāḥ—equipped with various kinds of weapons; sarve—all; yuddha-viśhāradāḥ—skilled in the art of warfare\n",
"transliteration": "anye cha bahavaḥ śhūrā madarthe tyaktajīvitāḥ\nnānā-śhastra-praharaṇāḥ sarve yuddha-viśhāradāḥ\n"
},
"10": {
"meaning": "Therefore, our army under the complete protection of Bhisma and others is unlimited. But the army of these (enemies), under the protection of Bhima and others is limited.",
"text": "अपर्याप्तं तदस्माकं बलं भीष्माभिरक्षितम् |\nपर्याप्तं त्विदमेतेषां बलं भीमाभिरक्षितम् ॥10॥\n",
"verse_number": "10",
"word_meanings": "aparyāptam—unlimited; tat—that; asmākam—ours; balam—strength; bhīṣhma—by Grandsire Bheeshma; abhirakṣhitam—safely marshalled; paryāptam—limited; tu—but; idam—this; eteṣhām—their; balam—strength; bhīma—Bheem; abhirakṣhitam—carefully marshalled\n",
"transliteration": "aparyāptaṁ tadasmākaṁ balaṁ bhīṣhmābhirakṣhitam\nparyāptaṁ tvidameteṣhāṁ balaṁ bhīmābhirakṣhitam\n"
},
"11": {
"meaning": "However, venerable sirs, all of you without exception, while occupying all the positions in the different directions as allotted (to you respectively), please fully protect Bhisma in particular.",
"text": "अयनेषु च सर्वेषु यथाभागमवस्थिता: |\nभीष्ममेवाभिरक्षन्तु भवन्त: सर्व एव हि ॥11॥\n",
"verse_number": "11",
"word_meanings": "ayaneṣhu—at the strategic points; cha—also; sarveṣhu—all; yathā-bhāgam—in respective position; avasthitāḥ—situated; bhīṣhmam—to Grandsire Bheeshma; eva—only; abhirakṣhantu—defend; bhavantaḥ—you; sarve—all; eva hi—even as\n",
"transliteration": "ayaneṣhu cha sarveṣhu yathā-bhāgamavasthitāḥ\nbhīṣhmamevābhirakṣhantu bhavantaḥ sarva eva hi\n"
},
"12": {
"meaning": "The valiant grandfather, the eldest of the Kurus, loudly sounding a lion-roar, blew the conch to raise his (Duryodhana's) spirits.",
"text": "तस्य सञ्जनयन्हर्षं कुरुवृद्ध: पितामह: |\nसिंहनादं विनद्योच्चै: शङ्खं दध्मौ प्रतापवान् ॥12॥\n",
"verse_number": "12",
"word_meanings": "tasya—his; sañjanayan—causing; harṣham—joy; kuru-vṛiddhaḥ—the grand old man of the Kuru dynasty (Bheeshma); pitāmahaḥ—grandfather; sinha-nādam—lion’s roar; vinadya—sounding; uchchaiḥ—very loudly; śhaṅkham—conch shell; dadhmau—blew; pratāpa-vān—the glorious\n",
"transliteration": "tasya sañjanayan harṣhaṁ kuru-vṛiddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ\nsiṁha-nādaṁ vinadyochchaiḥ śhaṅkhaṁ dadhmau pratāpavān\n"
},
"13": {
"meaning": "Just immediately after that conchs and kettledrums, and tabors, trumpets and cow-horns blared forth. That sound became tumultuous.",
"text": "तत: शङ्खाश्च भेर्यश्च पणवानकगोमुखा: |\nसहसैवाभ्यहन्यन्त स शब्दस्तुमुलोऽभवत् ॥13॥\n",
"verse_number": "13",
"word_meanings": "tataḥ—thereafter; śhaṅkhāḥ—conches; cha—and; bheryaḥ—bugles; cha—and; paṇava-ānaka—drums and kettledrums; go-mukhāḥ—trumpets; sahasā—suddenly; eva—indeed; abhyahanyanta—blared forth; saḥ—that; śhabdaḥ—sound; tumulaḥ—overwhelming; abhavat—was\n",
"transliteration": "tataḥ śhaṅkhāśhcha bheryaśhcha paṇavānaka-gomukhāḥ\nsahasaivābhyahanyanta sa śhabdastumulo ’bhavat\n"
},
"14": {
"meaning": "Then, Madhava (Krishna) and the son of Pandu (Arjuna), stationed in their magnificent chariot with white horses attached to it, loudly blew their divine conchs.",
"text": "तत: श्वेतैर्हयैर्युक्ते महति स्यन्दने स्थितौ |\nमाधव: पाण्डवश्चैव दिव्यौ शङ्खौ प्रदध्मतु: ॥14॥\n",
"verse_number": "14",
"word_meanings": "tataḥ—then; śhvetaiḥ—by white; hayaiḥ—horses; yukte—yoked; mahati—glorious; syandane—chariot; sthitau—seated; mādhavaḥ—Shree Krishna, the husband of the goddess of fortune, Lakshmi; pāṇḍavaḥ—Arjun; cha—and; eva—also; divyau—Divine; śhaṅkhau—conch shells; pradadhmatuḥ—blew\n",
"transliteration": "tataḥ śhvetairhayairyukte mahati syandane sthitau\nmādhavaḥ pāṇḍavaśhchaiva divyau śhaṅkhau pradadhmatuḥ\n"
},
"15": {
"meaning": "Hrsikesa (Krishna) blew the conch Pancajanya; Dhananjaya (Arjuna) (the conch) Devadatta; and Vrkodara (Bhima) of terrible deeds blew the great conch Paundra;",
"text": "पाञ्चजन्यं हृषीकेशो देवदत्तं धनञ्जय: |\nपौण्ड्रं दध्मौ महाशङ्खं भीमकर्मा वृकोदर: ॥15॥\n",
"verse_number": "15",
"word_meanings": "pāñchajanyam—the conch shell named Panchajanya; hṛiṣhīka-īśhaḥ—Shree Krishna, the Lord of the mind and senses; devadattam—the conch shell named Devadutta; dhanam-jayaḥ—Arjun, the winner of wealth; pauṇḍram—the conch named Paundra; dadhmau—blew; mahā-śhaṅkham—mighty conch; bhīma-karmā—one who performs herculean tasks; vṛika-udaraḥ—Bheem, the voracious eater\n",
"transliteration": "pāñchajanyaṁ hṛiṣhīkeśho devadattaṁ dhanañjayaḥ\npauṇḍraṁ dadhmau mahā-śhaṅkhaṁ bhīma-karmā vṛikodaraḥ\n"
},
"16": {
"meaning": "King Yudhisthira, son of Kunti, (blew) the Anantavijaya; Nakula and Sahadeva, the Sughosa and the Manipuspaka (respectively).",
"text": "अनन्तविजयं राजा कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिर: |\nनकुल: सहदेवश्च सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ ॥16॥\n",
"verse_number": "16",
"word_meanings": "ananta-vijayam—the conch named Anantavijay; rājā—king; kuntī-putraḥ—son of Kunti; yudhiṣhṭhiraḥ—Yudhishthir; nakulaḥ—Nakul; sahadevaḥ—Sahadev; cha—and; sughoṣha-maṇipuṣhpakau—the conche shells named Sughosh and Manipushpak;\n",
"transliteration": "anantavijayaṁ rājā kuntī-putro yudhiṣhṭhiraḥ\nnakulaḥ sahadevaśhcha sughoṣha-maṇipuṣhpakau\n"
},
"17": {
"meaning": "And the King of Kasi, wielding a great bow, and the great chariot-rider Sikhandi, Dhrstadyumna and Virata, and Satyaki the unconquered;",
"text": "काश्यश्च परमेष्वास: शिखण्डी च महारथ: |\nधृष्टद्युम्नो विराटश्च सात्यकिश्चापराजित: ॥17॥\n",
"verse_number": "17",
"word_meanings": "kāśhyaḥ—King of Kashi; cha—and; parama-iṣhu-āsaḥ—the excellent archer; śhikhaṇḍī—Shikhandi; cha—also; mahā-rathaḥ—warriors who could single handedly match the strength of ten thousand ordinary warriors; dhṛiṣhṭadyumnaḥ—Dhrishtadyumna; virāṭaḥ—Virat; cha—and; sātyakiḥ—Satyaki; cha—and; aparājitaḥ—invincible;\n",
"transliteration": "kāśhyaśhcha parameṣhvāsaḥ śhikhaṇḍī cha mahā-rathaḥ\ndhṛiṣhṭadyumno virāṭaśhcha sātyakiśh chāparājitaḥ\n"
},
"18": {
"meaning": "Drupada and the sons of Draupadi, and the son of Subhadra, (Abhimanyu) the mighty-armed all (of them) together, O king, blew their respective conchs.",
"text": "द्रुपदो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्वश: पृथिवीपते |\nसौभद्रश्च महाबाहु: शङ्खान्दध्मु: पृथक् पृथक् ॥18॥\n",
"verse_number": "18",
"word_meanings": "drupadaḥ—Drupad; draupadeyāḥ—the five sons of Draupadi; cha—and; sarvaśhaḥ—all; pṛithivī-pate—Ruler of the earth; saubhadraḥ—Abhimanyu, the son of Subhadra; cha—also; mahā-bāhuḥ—the mighty-armed; śhaṅkhān—conch shells; dadhmuḥ—blew; pṛithak pṛithak—individually\n",
"transliteration": "drupado draupadeyāśhcha sarvaśhaḥ pṛithivī-pate\nsaubhadraśhcha mahā-bāhuḥ śhaṅkhāndadhmuḥ pṛithak pṛithak\n"
},
"19": {
"meaning": "That tremendous sound pierced the hearts of the sons of Dhrtarastra as it reverberated through the sky and the earth.",
"text": "स घोषो धार्तराष्ट्राणां हृदयानि व्यदारयत् |\nनभश्च पृथिवीं चैव तुमुलो नुनादयन् ॥19॥\n",
"verse_number": "19",
"word_meanings": "saḥ—that; ghoṣhaḥ—sound; dhārtarāṣhṭrāṇām—of Dhritarashtra’s sons; hṛidayāni—hearts; vyadārayat—shattered; nabhaḥ—the sky; cha—and; pṛithivīm—the earth; cha—and; eva—certainly; tumulaḥ—terrific sound; abhyanunādayan—thundering\n",
"transliteration": "sa ghoṣho dhārtarāṣhṭrāṇāṁ hṛidayāni vyadārayat\nnabhaśhcha pṛithivīṁ chaiva tumulo nunādayan\n"
},
"20": {
"meaning": "O king, thereafter, seeing Dhrtarastra's men standing in their positions, when all the weapons were ready for action, the son of Pandu (Arjuna) who had the insignia of Hanuman on his chariot-flag, raising up his bow, said the following to Hrsikesa.",
"text": "अथ व्यवस्थितान्दृष्ट्वा धार्तराष्ट्रान् कपिध्वज: |\nप्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसम्पाते धनुरुद्यम्य पाण्डव: ॥20॥\nहृषीकेशं तदा वाक्यमिदमाह महीपते |\n",
"verse_number": "20",
"word_meanings": "atha—thereupon; vyavasthitān—arrayed; dṛiṣhṭvā—seeing; dhārtarāṣhṭrān—Dhritarashtra’s sons; kapi-dwajaḥ—the Monkey Bannered; pravṛitte—about to commence; śhastra-sampāte—to use the weapons; dhanuḥ—bow; udyamya—taking up; pāṇḍavaḥ—Arjun, the son of Pandu; hṛiṣhīkeśham—to Shree Krishna; tadā—at that time; vākyam—words; idam—these; āha—said; mahī-pate—King\n",
"transliteration": "atha vyavasthitān dṛiṣhṭvā dhārtarāṣhṭrān kapi-dhwajaḥ\npravṛitte śhastra-sampāte dhanurudyamya pāṇḍavaḥ\nhṛiṣhīkeśhaṁ tadā vākyam idam āha mahī-pate\n"
},
"21": {