all: implement EIP-compliant verkle trees

verkle: Implement Trie, NodeIterator and Database ifs

Fix crash in TestDump

Fix TestDump

Fix TrieCopy

remove unnecessary traces

fix: Error() returned errIteratorEnd in verkle node iterator

rewrite the iterator and change the signature of OpenStorageTrie

add the adapter to reuse the account trie for storage

don't try to deserialize a storage leaf into an account

Fix statedb unit tests (ethereum#14)

* debug code

* Fix more unit tests

* remove traces

* Go back to the full range

One tree to rule them all

remove updateRoot, there is no root to update

store code inside the account leaf

fix build

save current state for Sina

Update go-verkle to latest

Charge WITNESS_*_COST gas on storage loads

Add witness costs for SSTORE as well

Charge witness gas in the case of code execution

corresponding code deletion

add a --verkle flag to separate verkle experiments from regular geth operations

use the snapshot to get data

stateless execution from block witness

AccessWitness functions

Add block generation test + genesis snapshot generation

test stateless block execution (ethereum#18)

* test stateless block execution

* Force tree resolution before generating the proof

increased coverage in stateless test execution (ethereum#19)

* test stateless block execution

* Force tree resolution before generating the proof

* increase coverage in stateless test execution

ensure geth compiles

fix issues in tests with verkle trees deactivated

Ensure stateless data is available when executing statelessly (ethereum#20)

* Ensure stateless data is available when executing statelessly

* Actual execution of a statless block

* bugfixes in stateless block execution

* code cleanup

 - Reduce PR footprint by reverting NewEVM to its original signature
 - Move the access witness to the block context
 - prepare for a change in AW semantics
   Need to store the initial values.
 - Use the touch helper function, DRY

* revert the signature of MustCommit to its original form (ethereum#21)

fix leaf proofs in stateless execution (ethereum#22)

* Fixes in witness pre-state

* Add the recipient's nonce to the witness

* reduce PR footprint and investigate issue in root state calculation

* quick build fix

cleanup: Remove extra parameter in ToBlock

revert ToBlock to its older signature

fix import cycle in vm tests

fix linter issue

fix appveyor build

fix nil pointers in tests

Add indices, yis and Cis to the block's Verkle proof

upgrade geth dependency to drop geth's common dep

fix cmd/devp2p tests

fix rebase issues

quell an appveyor warning

fix address touching in SLOAD and SSTORE

fix access witness for code size

touch target account data before calling

make sure the proper locations get touched in (ext)codecopy

touch all code pages in execution

add pushdata to witness

remove useless code in genesis snapshot generation

testnet: fix some of the rebase/drift issues

Fix verkle proof generation in block

fix an issue occuring when chunking past the code size

fix: ensure the code copy doesn't extend past the code size

accounts/abi/bind/bind_test.go

@@ -1983,7 +1983,7 @@ func TestGolangBindings(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to tidy Go module file: %v\n%s", err, out)
 	}
 	// Test the entire package and report any failures
-	cmd := exec.Command(gocmd, "test", "-v", "-count", "1")
+	cmd := exec.Command(gocmd, "test", "-tags=bignum_kilic", "-v", "-count", "1")
 	cmd.Dir = pkg
 	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to run binding test: %v\n%s", err, out)

cmd/geth/chaincmd.go

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ var (
 		ArgsUsage: "<genesisPath>",
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
 			utils.DataDirFlag,
+			utils.VerkleFlag,
 		},
 		Category: "BLOCKCHAIN COMMANDS",
 		Description: `
@@ -205,6 +206,10 @@ func initGenesis(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
 	defer stack.Close()
 
+	if ctx.GlobalBool(utils.VerkleFlag.Name) {
+		genesis.Config.UseVerkle = true
+	}
+
 	for _, name := range []string{"chaindata", "lightchaindata"} {
 		chaindb, err := stack.OpenDatabase(name, 0, 0, "", false)
 		if err != nil {

cmd/geth/main.go

@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ var (
 		utils.MinerNotifyFullFlag,
 		configFileFlag,
 		utils.CatalystFlag,
+		utils.VerkleFlag,
 	}
 
 	rpcFlags = []cli.Flag{

cmd/geth/snapshot.go

@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ func verifyState(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		log.Error("Failed to load head block")
 		return errors.New("no head block")
 	}
-	snaptree, err := snapshot.New(chaindb, trie.NewDatabase(chaindb), 256, headBlock.Root(), false, false, false)
+	snaptree, err := snapshot.New(chaindb, trie.NewDatabase(chaindb), 256, headBlock.Root(), false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Error("Failed to open snapshot tree", "err", err)
 		return err
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ func dumpState(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	snaptree, err := snapshot.New(db, trie.NewDatabase(db), 256, root, false, false, false)
+	snaptree, err := snapshot.New(db, trie.NewDatabase(db), 256, root, false, false, false, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

cmd/geth/usage.go

@@ -229,6 +229,7 @@ var AppHelpFlagGroups = []flags.FlagGroup{
 			utils.BloomFilterSizeFlag,
 			cli.HelpFlag,
 			utils.CatalystFlag,
+			utils.VerkleFlag,
 		},
 	},
 }

cmd/utils/flags.go

@@ -784,6 +784,11 @@ var (
 		Name:  "catalyst",
 		Usage: "Catalyst mode (eth2 integration testing)",
 	}
+
+	VerkleFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "verkle",
+		Usage: "Enable geth with verkle trees (EXPERIMENTAL)",
+	}
 )
 
 // MakeDataDir retrieves the currently requested data directory, terminating
@@ -1465,7 +1470,11 @@ func CheckExclusive(ctx *cli.Context, args ...interface{}) {
 // SetEthConfig applies eth-related command line flags to the config.
 func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 	// Avoid conflicting network flags
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 	CheckExclusive(ctx, MainnetFlag, DeveloperFlag, RopstenFlag, RinkebyFlag, GoerliFlag, SepoliaFlag)
+=======
+	CheckExclusive(ctx, MainnetFlag, DeveloperFlag, RopstenFlag, RinkebyFlag, GoerliFlag, VerkleFlag)
+>>>>>>> 00ed1c501 (all: implement EIP-compliant verkle trees)
 	CheckExclusive(ctx, LightServeFlag, SyncModeFlag, "light")
 	CheckExclusive(ctx, DeveloperFlag, ExternalSignerFlag) // Can't use both ephemeral unlocked and external signer
 	if ctx.GlobalString(GCModeFlag.Name) == "archive" && ctx.GlobalUint64(TxLookupLimitFlag.Name) != 0 {
@@ -1603,6 +1612,13 @@ func SetEthConfig(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node, cfg *ethconfig.Config) {
 		}
 		cfg.Genesis = core.DefaultGenesisBlock()
 		SetDNSDiscoveryDefaults(cfg, params.MainnetGenesisHash)
+	case ctx.GlobalBool(VerkleFlag.Name):
+		if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(NetworkIdFlag.Name) {
+			cfg.NetworkId = 86 // 'V'
+		}
+		cfg.Genesis = core.DefaultVerkleGenesisBlock()
+		cfg.Genesis.Config.UseVerkle = true
+		SetDNSDiscoveryDefaults(cfg, params.MainnetGenesisHash)
 	case ctx.GlobalBool(RopstenFlag.Name):
 		if !ctx.GlobalIsSet(NetworkIdFlag.Name) {
 			cfg.NetworkId = 3

core/blockchain.go

@@ -236,6 +236,7 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, chainConfig *par
 			Cache:     cacheConfig.TrieCleanLimit,
 			Journal:   cacheConfig.TrieCleanJournal,
 			Preimages: cacheConfig.Preimages,
+			UseVerkle: chainConfig.UseVerkle,
 		}),
 		quit:           make(chan struct{}),
 		chainmu:        syncx.NewClosableMutex(),
@@ -377,7 +378,7 @@ func NewBlockChain(db ethdb.Database, cacheConfig *CacheConfig, chainConfig *par
 			log.Warn("Enabling snapshot recovery", "chainhead", head.NumberU64(), "diskbase", *layer)
 			recover = true
 		}
-		bc.snaps, _ = snapshot.New(bc.db, bc.stateCache.TrieDB(), bc.cacheConfig.SnapshotLimit, head.Root(), !bc.cacheConfig.SnapshotWait, true, recover)
+		bc.snaps, _ = snapshot.New(bc.db, bc.stateCache.TrieDB(), bc.cacheConfig.SnapshotLimit, head.Root(), !bc.cacheConfig.SnapshotWait, true, recover, bc.Config().UseVerkle)
 	}
 
 	// Start future block processor.
@@ -1607,7 +1608,22 @@ func (bc *BlockChain) insertChain(chain types.Blocks, verifySeals bool) (int, er
 
 		// Process block using the parent state as reference point
 		substart := time.Now()
-		receipts, logs, usedGas, err := bc.processor.Process(block, statedb, bc.vmConfig)
+		var (
+			usedGas  uint64
+			receipts types.Receipts
+			logs     []*types.Log
+		)
+		if len(block.Header().VerkleProof) == 0 {
+			receipts, logs, _, usedGas, err = bc.processor.Process(block, statedb, bc.vmConfig)
+		} else {
+			var leaves map[common.Hash]common.Hash
+			_, _, _, leaves, err = trie.DeserializeAndVerifyVerkleProof(block.Header().VerkleProof)
+			if err != nil {
+				return it.index, err
+			}
+			statedb.SetStateless(leaves)
+			receipts, logs, usedGas, err = bc.processor.ProcessStateless(block, statedb, bc.vmConfig, leaves)
+		}
 		if err != nil {
 			bc.reportBlock(block, receipts, err)
 			atomic.StoreUint32(&followupInterrupt, 1)

core/blockchain_test.go

@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ func testBlockChainImport(chain types.Blocks, blockchain *BlockChain) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		receipts, _, usedGas, err := blockchain.processor.Process(block, statedb, vm.Config{})
+		receipts, _, _, usedGas, err := blockchain.processor.Process(block, statedb, vm.Config{})
 		if err != nil {
 			blockchain.reportBlock(block, receipts, err)
 			return err

core/chain_makers.go

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie"
 )
 
 // BlockGen creates blocks for testing.
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ type BlockGen struct {
 	txs      []*types.Transaction
 	receipts []*types.Receipt
 	uncles   []*types.Header
+	witness  *types.AccessWitness
 
 	config *params.ChainConfig
 	engine consensus.Engine
@@ -103,10 +105,17 @@ func (b *BlockGen) AddTxWithChain(bc *BlockChain, tx *types.Transaction) {
 		b.SetCoinbase(common.Address{})
 	}
 	b.statedb.Prepare(tx.Hash(), len(b.txs))
-	receipt, err := ApplyTransaction(b.config, bc, &b.header.Coinbase, b.gasPool, b.statedb, b.header, tx, &b.header.GasUsed, vm.Config{})
+	receipt, accesses, err := ApplyTransaction(b.config, bc, &b.header.Coinbase, b.gasPool, b.statedb, b.header, tx, &b.header.GasUsed, vm.Config{})
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
+	if accesses != nil {
+		if b.witness != nil {
+			b.witness.Merge(accesses)
+		} else {
+			b.witness = accesses
+		}
+	}
 	b.txs = append(b.txs, tx)
 	b.receipts = append(b.receipts, receipt)
 }
@@ -250,6 +259,90 @@ func GenerateChain(config *params.ChainConfig, parent *types.Block, engine conse
 	return blocks, receipts
 }
 
+func GenerateVerkleChain(config *params.ChainConfig, parent *types.Block, engine consensus.Engine, db ethdb.Database, n int, gen func(int, *BlockGen)) ([]*types.Block, []types.Receipts) {
+	if config == nil {
+		config = params.TestChainConfig
+	}
+	blocks, receipts := make(types.Blocks, n), make([]types.Receipts, n)
+	chainreader := &fakeChainReader{config: config}
+	genblock := func(i int, parent *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB) (*types.Block, types.Receipts) {
+		b := &BlockGen{i: i, chain: blocks, parent: parent, statedb: statedb, config: config, engine: engine, witness: types.NewAccessWitness()}
+		b.header = makeHeader(chainreader, parent, statedb, b.engine)
+
+		// Mutate the state and block according to any hard-fork specs
+		if daoBlock := config.DAOForkBlock; daoBlock != nil {
+			limit := new(big.Int).Add(daoBlock, params.DAOForkExtraRange)
+			if b.header.Number.Cmp(daoBlock) >= 0 && b.header.Number.Cmp(limit) < 0 {
+				if config.DAOForkSupport {
+					b.header.Extra = common.CopyBytes(params.DAOForkBlockExtra)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if config.DAOForkSupport && config.DAOForkBlock != nil && config.DAOForkBlock.Cmp(b.header.Number) == 0 {
+			misc.ApplyDAOHardFork(statedb)
+		}
+		// Execute any user modifications to the block
+		if gen != nil {
+			gen(i, b)
+		}
+		if b.engine != nil {
+			// Finalize and seal the block
+			block, err := b.engine.FinalizeAndAssemble(chainreader, b.header, statedb, b.txs, b.uncles, b.receipts)
+			if err != nil {
+				panic(err)
+			}
+
+			// Write state changes to db
+			root, err := statedb.Commit(config.IsEIP158(b.header.Number))
+			if err != nil {
+				panic(fmt.Sprintf("state write error: %v", err))
+			}
+			if err := statedb.Database().TrieDB().Commit(root, false, nil); err != nil {
+				panic(fmt.Sprintf("trie write error: %v", err))
+			}
+
+			// Generate an associated verkle proof
+			if tr := statedb.GetTrie(); tr.IsVerkle() {
+				vtr := tr.(*trie.VerkleTrie)
+				// Generate the proof if we are using a verkle tree
+				// WORKAROUND: make sure all keys are resolved
+				// before building the proof. Ultimately, node
+				// resolution can be done with a prefetcher or
+				// from GetCommitmentsAlongPath.
+				keys := b.witness.Keys()
+				for _, key := range keys {
+					out, err := vtr.TryGet(key)
+					if err != nil {
+						panic(err)
+					}
+					if len(out) == 0 {
+						panic(fmt.Sprintf("%x should be present in the tree", key))
+					}
+				}
+				vtr.Hash()
+				_, err := vtr.ProveAndSerialize(keys, b.witness.KeyVals())
+				//block.SetVerkleProof(p)
+				if err != nil {
+					panic(err)
+				}
+			}
+			return block, b.receipts
+		}
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		statedb, err := state.New(parent.Root(), state.NewDatabaseWithConfig(db, &trie.Config{UseVerkle: true}), nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+		block, receipt := genblock(i, parent, statedb)
+		blocks[i] = block
+		receipts[i] = receipt
+		parent = block
+	}
+	return blocks, receipts
+}
+
 func makeHeader(chain consensus.ChainReader, parent *types.Block, state *state.StateDB, engine consensus.Engine) *types.Header {
 	var time uint64
 	if parent.Time() == 0 {

core/evm.go

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ func NewEVMTxContext(msg Message) vm.TxContext {
 	return vm.TxContext{
 		Origin:   msg.From(),
 		GasPrice: new(big.Int).Set(msg.GasPrice()),
+		Accesses: types.NewAccessWitness(),
 	}
 }
 

core/genesis.go

@@ -180,7 +180,11 @@ func SetupGenesisBlockWithOverride(db ethdb.Database, genesis *Genesis, override
 	// We have the genesis block in database(perhaps in ancient database)
 	// but the corresponding state is missing.
 	header := rawdb.ReadHeader(db, stored, 0)
-	if _, err := state.New(header.Root, state.NewDatabaseWithConfig(db, nil), nil); err != nil {
+	var cfg *trie.Config = nil
+	if genesis.Config.UseVerkle {
+		cfg = &trie.Config{UseVerkle: true}
+	}
+	if _, err := state.New(header.Root, state.NewDatabaseWithConfig(db, cfg), nil); err != nil {
 		if genesis == nil {
 			genesis = DefaultGenesisBlock()
 		}
@@ -261,7 +265,11 @@ func (g *Genesis) ToBlock(db ethdb.Database) *types.Block {
 	if db == nil {
 		db = rawdb.NewMemoryDatabase()
 	}
-	statedb, err := state.New(common.Hash{}, state.NewDatabase(db), nil)
+	var trieCfg *trie.Config
+	if g.Config != nil {
+		trieCfg = &trie.Config{UseVerkle: g.Config.UseVerkle}
+	}
+	statedb, err := state.New(common.Hash{}, state.NewDatabaseWithConfig(db, trieCfg), nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
@@ -303,6 +311,9 @@ func (g *Genesis) ToBlock(db ethdb.Database) *types.Block {
 	}
 	statedb.Commit(false)
 	statedb.Database().TrieDB().Commit(root, true, nil)
+	if err := statedb.Cap(root); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
 
 	return types.NewBlock(head, nil, nil, nil, trie.NewStackTrie(nil))
 }
@@ -354,6 +365,20 @@ func GenesisBlockForTesting(db ethdb.Database, addr common.Address, balance *big
 	return g.MustCommit(db)
 }
 
+func DefaultVerkleGenesisBlock() *Genesis {
+	return &Genesis{
+		Config:     params.VerkleChainConfig,
+		Nonce:      86,
+		GasLimit:   0x2fefd8,
+		Difficulty: big.NewInt(1),
+		Alloc: map[common.Address]GenesisAccount{
+			common.BytesToAddress([]byte{97, 118, 97, 209, 72, 165, 43, 239, 81, 162, 104, 199, 40, 179, 162, 27, 88, 249, 67, 6}): {
+				Balance: big.NewInt(0).Lsh(big.NewInt(1), 27),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
 // DefaultGenesisBlock returns the Ethereum main net genesis block.
 func DefaultGenesisBlock() *Genesis {
 	return &Genesis{