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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="" xml:lang="">
<head>
<title>Shiny Applet Creation</title>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="author" content="Dr. Justin R Wishart" />
<link href="libs/remark-css-0.0.1/default.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets\ssa-shiny.css" type="text/css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets\ssa-shiny-fonts.css" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<textarea id="source">
class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide
# Shiny Applet Creation
## User Interface (UI)
### Dr. Justin R Wishart
### 23rd September 2019
---
## What is the User Interface?
### User Interface languages
* The User interface is really HTML with CSS and Javascript
- __NB__: A Shiny app author doesn't need to know this!
* A keen author skilled in HTML/CSS/Javascript can write more complex advanced apps.
- See (Insert links)
---
### UI building options
1. Use the built-in layouts and inputs/outputs
- __We will focus on this__
2. Use external packages __honorable mention this workshop__
- Can create dashboards (shinydashboard, flexdashboard)
- Can choose from set of themes (shinythemes)
3. Advanced Users who know some HTML, CSS, and/or Javascript __beyond our scope__
- Use tag objects
- Write own UI functions
- Write Custom inputs/outputs
- Create own HTML templates
- Use existing CSS/Javascript libraries/frameworks.
---
### Possible built-in frameworks
* Bootstrap grid framework
- `fluidPage`, `fixedPage`, `fluidRow`, `column`
* Navigation Panels
- `tabsetPanel`, `navlistPanel`, `navbarPage`
* Containers
- `wellPanel`, `absolutePanel`, `fixedPanel`
* Fill layouts
- `fillPage`, `fillRow`, `fillCol`
* Modals and notifications
- `showModal`, `modalDialog`
---
## Bootstrap 2 Grid
Bootstrap 2.0 is a grid system for building layouts of all shapes and sizes. It's based on a 12 column layout.
-- Created by Mark Otto and Jacob Thornton at Twitter
---
### Bootstrap 2.0 Grid
<img src="images/bootstrap.png" style="width:100%;"/>
* Each webpage has 12 columns.
* Each column of content must span integer number of subcolumns
---
### General Layout Commands
* Layout setup with
- `fluidPage()` creates the entire bootstrap grid page
* Sidebar layout setup and controlled with
- `sidebarLayout()`: setups the layout
- `sidebarPanel(input)`: Sidebar (inputs) to be placed
- `mainPanel(output)`: main Panel to be placed
* General layout controlled with
- `fluidRow()` wraps each row's column
- `column(width, )` wraps each column's content
---
### sidebarLayout
<img src="images/bootstrap-sidebar.png" style="height:70%;"/>
---
### sidebarLayout
* __sidebarLayout(sidebarPanel(), mainPanel(),...)__
- __sidebarPanel__:
- Takes up 1/3 of the column space
- Contains the input controls
- __mainPanel__:
- Takes up 2/3 of the column space
- Contains the output
---
### Skeleton of sidebarLayout
```r
library(shiny)
ui <- fluidPage(
sidebarLayout(
sidebarPanel(
*Input(<inputId>)
),
mainPanel(
*Output(<outputId>)
)
)
)
server <- function(input, output) { <my-shiny-recipe> }
shinyApp(ui = ui, server = server)
```
* Careful with the commas!
---
### Example: Cleaning up the intro
Open `apps/ui-01.R`
* Notice the `titlePanel` before the `sidebarLayout`.
- Adds a title in larger font to the App.
* Resize the app window and see what happens.
* `sidebarLayout` also can be flipped. Change
- `sidebarLayout(position = "left",` to
- `sidebarLayout(position = "right",`
---
### General Bootstrap Layout
<img src="images/bootstrap.png" style="width:100%;"/>
* Each of the columns __must__ span an __integer__ width
* Height is responsively determined by Javascript
- Further details, at [Rstudio grid layout guide](https://shiny.rstudio.com/articles/layout-guide.html)
---
### Example code of rows 3 & 4
```r
UI <- fluidPage(
fluidRow(
column(4, object1),
column(8, object2)
),
fluidRow(
column(6, object3),
column(6, object4)
)
)
```
---
### More detailed example:
<img src="images/bootstrap-specific-grid.png" style="height:80%;"/>
---
### Bootstrap code for last example
```r
ui <- fluidPage(
fluidRow(
column(6, object1),
column(6, object2, object3)
),
fluidRow(
column(8, object4),
column(4, object5)
)
)
```
---
### Exercise using Bootstrap
Open `apps/ui-02.R`
* Modify the layout to look like the next slide
* Suggest viewing in external browser if you want the typeset equations.
---
### Goal Layout
<img src="images/bootstrap-exercise.png" style="width:100%;"/>
---
### Solution
Open `apps/sol-ui-02.R`
---
### Navbar Pages
<img src="images/navbar-example.png" style="width:100%;"/>
* App can be split into tabs.
* Uses the bootstrap navbar setup
- Can embed other bootstrap code inside each tab (fluidRow, column)
---
### Skeleton of Navbar
.pull-left[
```r
ui <- navbarPage(title = "My Application",
tabPanel("My Tab 1",
*Input("input1")
*Output("output1")
),
tabPanel("Component 2",
...
),
tabPanel("Component 3",
...
)
)
```
* Can place (nest) other UI layouts in each `tabPanel`]
.pull-right[
<img src="images/navbar-exercise.png" style="width:75%;"/>
]
---
### Exercise using Navbar
Open `apps/ui-03.R`. Modify the UI to have three `tabPanels`
* __Simulation settings__: All the simulation inputs and scatterplot go here
* __Summary Ouptut__: Place the summary lm output here
* __Data Table__: Place the dataTable output here.
Don't forget to set the ui to be `ui <- navbarPage(`
---
### Goal Layout
<img src="images/navbar-exercise.png" style="width:75%;"/>
---
### Solution
Open `apps/sol-ui-03.R`
---
## External packages
### Possible external packages
* Shiny Dashboard in package `shinydashboard`
* Shiny Themes in package `shinythemes`
* Markdown style! in package `flexdashboard`
* miniUI in package (see rstudio github)
* More ...
---
### Shiny themes
* Easy way to change the look and colour scheme using Bootstrap themes
* See examples at [Rstudio](https://rstudio.github.io/shinythemes/)
---
### How to use Shiny Themes
* Load the `shinythemes` package in the preamble of your `app.R`
* Two possible ways
- Set the theme using the `theme` argument in UI
- Use the theme selector
### Set desired theme
```r
library(shinythemes)
ui <- fluidPage(theme = shinytheme("cerulean"),
...
)
```
* Also works inside `bootstrapPage`, `navbarPage`, or `fixedPage`
---
### Live Theme selector
```r
ui <- fluidPage(
shinythemes::themeSelector()
...
)
```
* Somewhere in your ui call, place the code above
* Places a `selectInput` box to dynamically choose a theme.
---
### Exercise on shiny themes
Open your favourite app so far in `apps/` and customise the theme using the live themeselector
* When you have chosen a theme.
- Stop the app
- Go back and set the theme (`theme = "<mychoice>"`).
</textarea>
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