basic_math_operations

Welcome to TensorFlow World

The tutorials in this section are just a start for going into the TensorFlow world.

We using Tensorboard for visualizing the outcomes. TensorBoard is the graph visualization tools provided by TensorFlow. Using Google’s words: “The computations you'll use TensorFlow for - like training a massive deep neural network - can be complex and confusing. To make it easier to understand, debug, and optimize TensorFlow programs, we've included a suite of visualization tools called TensorBoard.” A simple Tensorboard implementation is used in this tutorial.

NOTE:*

• The details of summary operations, Tensorboard, and their advantages are beyond the scope of this tutorial and will be presented in more advanced tutorials.

Preparing the environment

At first, we have to import the necessary libraries.

from __future__ import print_function
import tensorflow as tf
import os

Since we are aimed to use Tensorboard, we need a directory to store the information (the operations and their corresponding outputs if desired by the user). This information is exported to event files by TensorFlow. The even files can be transformed to visual data such that the user is able to evaluate the architecture and the operations. The path to store these even files is defined as below:

# The default path for saving event files is the same folder of this python file.
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string(
'log_dir', os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + '/logs',
'Directory where event logs are written to.')

# Store all elements in FLAG structure!
FLAGS = tf.app.flags.FLAGS

The os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) gets the directory name of the current python file. The tf.app.flags.FLAGS points to all defined flags using the FLAGS indicator. From now on the flags can be called using FLAGS.flag_name.

For convenience, it is useful to only work with absolute paths. By using the following script, the user is prompt to use absolute paths for the log_dir directory.

# The user is prompted to input an absolute path.
# os.path.expanduser is leveraged to transform '~' sign to the corresponding path indicator.
#       Example: '~/logs' equals to '/home/username/logs'
if not os.path.isabs(os.path.expanduser(FLAGS.log_dir)):
    raise ValueError('You must assign absolute path for --log_dir')

Basics

Some basic math operations can be defined by TensorFlow:

# Defining some constant values
a = tf.constant(5.0, name="a")
b = tf.constant(10.0, name="b")

# Some basic operations
x = tf.add(a, b, name="add")
y = tf.div(a, b, name="divide")

The tf. operator performs the specific operation and the output will be a Tensor. The attribute name="some_name" is defined for better Tensorboard visualization as we see later in this tutorial.

Run the Experiment

The session, which is the environment for running the operations, is executed as below:

# Run the session
with tf.Session() as sess:
    writer = tf.summary.FileWriter(os.path.expanduser(FLAGS.log_dir), sess.graph)
    print("output: ", sess.run(welcome))

# Closing the writer.
writer.close()
sess.close()

The tf.summary.FileWriter is defined to write the summaries into event files.The command of sess.run() must be used for evaluation of any Tensor otherwise the operation won't be executed. In the end by using the writer.close(), the summary writer will be closed.

Results

The results for running in the terminal is as bellow:

a = 5.0
b = 10.0
a + b = 15.0
a/b = 0.5

If we run the Tensorboard using tensorboard --logdir="absolute/path/to/log_dir" we get the following when visualiaing the Graph:

Figure 1: The TensorFlow Graph.