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Comparison of Programming Languages in Economics

This project contains the source code referenced in the paper A Comparison of Programming Languages in Economics by S. Borağan Aruoba and Jesús Fernández-Villaverde.

The main fork will remain basically unchanged to allow researchers to check our basic results.

Abstract from the paper

We solve the stochastic neoclassical growth model, the workhorse of modern macroeconomics, using C++11, Fortran 2008, Java, Julia, Python, Matlab, Mathematica, and R. We implement the same algorithm, value function iteration with grid search, in each of the languages. We report the execution times of the codes in a Mac and in a Windows computer and comment on the strength and weakness of each language.

Files

  1. RBC_C.c: C code.
  2. RBC_CPP.cpp: C++ code
  3. RBC_CPP_2.cpp: C++ code, more idiomatic but slightly slower.
  4. RBC_F90.f90: Fortran code.
  5. RBC_Java.java: Java code.
  6. RBC_Julia.jl: Julia code, to run include("RBC_Julia.jl"); @time main().
  7. RBC_Matlab.m: Matlab code.
  8. RBC_Matlab_Inside_Loop.m: Matlab code with Mex file.
  9. inside_loop_mex.cpp: Mex file for 8.
  10. RBC_Python.py: Python code for CPython and Pypy.
  11. RBC_Python_Numba.py: Python code for Numba.
  12. RBC_R.R: R code.
  13. RBC_R_Compiler.R: R code compiled.
  14. RBC_Rcpp.R: R code with Rcpp.
  15. InsideLoop.cpp: C++ function for Rcpp.
  16. RBC_Mathematica: Mathematica code.
  17. RBC_Mathematica_Imperative: Mathematica code with imperative structure.
  18. RBC_Mathematica_PartialCompilation: Mathematica code with imperative structure and partial compilation.
  19. RBC_CS.cs: C# code.
  20. RBC_JS.js: Javascrip code.
  21. RBC_Python_Cython.py: Cython code.
  22. RBC_Swift.swift: Swift code.

Compilation flags

  1. GCC compiler (Mac): g++ -o testc -O3 RBC_CPP.cpp
  2. GCC compiler (Windows): g++ -Wl,--stack,4000000, -o testc -O3 RBC_CPP.cpp
  3. GCC compiler (Mac): g++ -o testc -O3 -std=gnu++11 RBC_CPP_2.cpp
  4. Clang compiler: clang++ -o testclang -O3 RBC_CPP.cpp
  5. Intel compiler: icpc -o testc -O3 RBC_CPP.cpp
  6. Visual C: cl /F 4000000 /o testvcpp /O2 RBC_CPP.cpp
  7. GCC compiler: gfortran -o testf -O3 RBC_F90.f90
  8. Intel compiler: ifortran -o testf -O3 RBC_F90.f90
  9. javac RBC_Java.java and run as java RBC_Java -XX:+AggressiveOpts
  10. RBC_C.c can be compiled in C, C++ and Objective-C: clang -o testc -x <language> -O3 RBC_C.c with <language> = c, c++ or objective-c. Same for GCC.
  11. Swift: swiftc -o testswift -O RBC_Swift.swift -sdk $(xcrun --show-sdk-path --sdk macosx)

In all cases with a JIT, you may want to warm up the JIT before testing for speed.