diff --git a/compaction_iter.go b/compaction_iter.go
index c86173e711..1667474e24 100644
--- a/compaction_iter.go
+++ b/compaction_iter.go
@@ -180,16 +180,9 @@ type compactionIter struct {
 	iterKey          *InternalKey
 	iterValue        []byte
 	iterStripeChange stripeChangeType
-	// `skip` indicates whether the remaining skippable entries in the current
-	// snapshot stripe should be skipped or processed. An example of a non-
-	// skippable entry is a range tombstone as we need to return it from the
-	// `compactionIter`, even if a key covering its start key has already been
-	// seen in the same stripe. `skip` has no effect when `pos == iterPosNext`.
-	//
-	// TODO(jackson): If we use keyspan.InterleavingIter for range deletions,
-	// like we do for range keys, the only remaining 'non-skippable' key is
-	// the invalid key. We should be able to simplify this logic and remove this
-	// field.
+	// `skip` indicates whether the remaining entries in the current snapshot
+	// stripe should be skipped or processed. `skip` has no effect when `pos ==
+	// iterPosNext`.
 	skip bool
 	// `pos` indicates the iterator position at the top of `Next()`. Its type's
 	// (`iterPos`) values take on the following meanings in the context of
@@ -206,13 +199,6 @@ type compactionIter struct {
 	// compaction iterator was only returned because an open snapshot prevents
 	// its elision. This field only applies to point keys, and not to range
 	// deletions or range keys.
-	//
-	// For MERGE, it is possible that doing the merge is interrupted even when
-	// the next point key is in the same stripe. This can happen if the loop in
-	// mergeNext gets interrupted by sameStripeNonSkippable.
-	// sameStripeNonSkippable occurs due to RANGEDELs that sort before
-	// SET/MERGE/DEL with the same seqnum, so the RANGEDEL does not necessarily
-	// delete the subsequent SET/MERGE/DEL keys.
 	snapshotPinned bool
 	// forceObsoleteDueToRangeDel is set to true in a subset of the cases that
 	// snapshotPinned is true. This value is true when the point is obsolete due
@@ -249,6 +235,8 @@ type compactionIter struct {
 	frontiers frontiers
 	// Reference to the range deletion tombstone fragmenter (e.g.,
 	// `compaction.rangeDelFrag`).
+	// TODO(jackson): We can eliminate range{Del,Key}Frag now that fragmentation
+	// is performed upfront by keyspan.MergingIters.
 	rangeDelFrag *keyspan.Fragmenter
 	rangeKeyFrag *keyspan.Fragmenter
 	// The fragmented tombstones.
@@ -348,24 +336,6 @@ func (i *compactionIter) Next() (*InternalKey, []byte) {
 	//   snapshot stripe.
 	// - `skip && pos == iterPosCurForward`: We are at the key that has been returned.
 	//   To move forward we skip skippable entries in the stripe.
-	// - `skip && pos == iterPosNext && i.iterStripeChange == sameStripeNonSkippable`:
-	//    This case may occur when skipping within a snapshot stripe and we
-	//    encounter either:
-	//      a) an invalid key kind; The previous call will have returned
-	//         whatever key it was processing and deferred handling of the
-	//         invalid key to this invocation of Next(). We're responsible for
-	//         ignoring skip=true and falling into the invalid key kind case
-	//         down below.
-	//      b) an interleaved range delete; This is a wart of the current code
-	//         structure. While skipping within a snapshot stripe, a range
-	//         delete interleaved at its start key and sequence number
-	//         interrupts the sequence of point keys. After we return the range
-	//         delete to the caller, we need to pick up skipping at where we
-	//         left off, so we preserve skip=true.
-	//    TODO(jackson): This last case is confusing and can be removed if we
-	//    interleave range deletions at the maximal sequence number using the
-	//    keyspan interleaving iterator. This is the treatment given to range
-	//    keys today.
 	if i.pos == iterPosCurForward {
 		if i.skip {
 			i.skipInStripe()
@@ -373,9 +343,7 @@ func (i *compactionIter) Next() (*InternalKey, []byte) {
 			i.nextInStripe()
 		}
 	} else if i.skip {
-		if i.iterStripeChange != sameStripeNonSkippable {
-			panic(errors.AssertionFailedf("compaction iterator has skip=true, but iterator is at iterPosNext"))
-		}
+		panic(errors.AssertionFailedf("compaction iterator has skip=true, but iterator is at iterPosNext"))
 	}
 
 	i.pos = iterPosCurForward
@@ -395,15 +363,16 @@ func (i *compactionIter) Next() (*InternalKey, []byte) {
 
 		if i.iterKey.Kind() == InternalKeyKindRangeDelete || rangekey.IsRangeKey(i.iterKey.Kind()) {
 			// Return the span so the compaction can use it for file truncation and add
-			// it to the relevant fragmenter. We do not set `skip` to true before
-			// returning as there may be a forthcoming point key with the same user key
-			// and sequence number. Such a point key must be visible (i.e., not skipped
+			// it to the relevant fragmenter. In the case of range deletions, we do not
+			// set `skip` to true before returning as there may be any number of point
+			// keys with the same user key and sequence numbers ≥ the range deletion's
+			// sequence number. Such point keys must be visible (i.e., not skipped
 			// over) since we promise point keys are not deleted by range tombstones at
-			// the same sequence number.
+			// the same sequence number (or higher).
 			//
-			// Although, note that `skip` may already be true before reaching here
-			// due to an earlier key in the stripe. Then it is fine to leave it set
-			// to true, as the earlier key must have had a higher sequence number.
+			// Note that `skip` must already be false here, because range keys and range
+			// deletions are interleaved at the maximal sequence numbers and neither will
+			// set `skip`=true.
 			//
 			// NOTE: there is a subtle invariant violation here in that calling
 			// saveKey and returning a reference to the temporary slice violates
@@ -526,9 +495,8 @@ func (i *compactionIter) Next() (*InternalKey, []byte) {
 			origSnapshotIdx := i.curSnapshotIdx
 			var valueMerger ValueMerger
 			valueMerger, i.err = i.merge(i.iterKey.UserKey, i.iterValue)
-			var change stripeChangeType
 			if i.err == nil {
-				change = i.mergeNext(valueMerger)
+				i.mergeNext(valueMerger)
 			}
 			var needDelete bool
 			if i.err == nil {
@@ -553,20 +521,8 @@ func (i *compactionIter) Next() (*InternalKey, []byte) {
 					}
 					continue
 				}
-				// A non-skippable entry does not necessarily cover later merge
-				// operands, so we must not zero the current merge result's seqnum.
-				//
-				// For example, suppose the forthcoming two keys are a range
-				// tombstone, `[a, b)#3`, and a merge operand, `a#3`. Recall that
-				// range tombstones do not cover point keys at the same seqnum, so
-				// `a#3` is not deleted. The range tombstone will be seen first due
-				// to its larger value type. Since it is a non-skippable key, the
-				// current merge will not include `a#3`. If we zeroed the current
-				// merge result's seqnum, then it would conflict with the upcoming
-				// merge including `a#3`, whose seqnum will also be zeroed.
-				if change != sameStripeNonSkippable {
-					i.maybeZeroSeqnum(origSnapshotIdx)
-				}
+
+				i.maybeZeroSeqnum(origSnapshotIdx)
 				return &i.key, i.value
 			}
 			if i.err != nil {
@@ -618,18 +574,13 @@ func (i *compactionIter) skipInStripe() {
 	i.skip = true
 	// TODO(sumeer): we can avoid the overhead of calling i.rangeDelFrag.Covers,
 	// in this case of nextInStripe, since we are skipping all of them anyway.
-	for i.nextInStripe() == sameStripeSkippable {
+	for i.nextInStripe() == sameStripe {
 		if i.err != nil {
 			panic(i.err)
 		}
 	}
-	// Reset skip if we landed outside the original stripe. Otherwise, we landed
-	// in the same stripe on a non-skippable key. In that case we should preserve
-	// `i.skip == true` such that later keys in the stripe will continue to be
-	// skipped.
-	if i.iterStripeChange == newStripeNewKey || i.iterStripeChange == newStripeSameKey {
-		i.skip = false
-	}
+	// We landed outside the original stripe, so reset skip.
+	i.skip = false
 }
 
 func (i *compactionIter) iterNext() bool {
@@ -643,24 +594,22 @@ func (i *compactionIter) iterNext() bool {
 }
 
 // stripeChangeType indicates how the snapshot stripe changed relative to the
-// previous key. If no change, it also indicates whether the current entry is
-// skippable. If the snapshot stripe changed, it also indicates whether the new
-// stripe was entered because the iterator progressed onto an entirely new key
-// or entered a new stripe within the same key.
+// previous key. If the snapshot stripe changed, it also indicates whether the
+// new stripe was entered because the iterator progressed onto an entirely new
+// key or entered a new stripe within the same key.
 type stripeChangeType int
 
 const (
 	newStripeNewKey stripeChangeType = iota
 	newStripeSameKey
-	sameStripeSkippable
-	sameStripeNonSkippable
+	sameStripe
 )
 
 // nextInStripe advances the iterator and returns one of the above const ints
 // indicating how its state changed.
 //
-// All sameStripeSkippable keys that are covered by a RANGEDEL will be skipped
-// and not returned.
+// All sameStripe keys that are covered by a RANGEDEL will be skipped and not
+// returned.
 //
 // Calls to nextInStripe must be preceded by a call to saveKey to retain a
 // temporary reference to the original key, so that forward iteration can
@@ -709,29 +658,28 @@ func (i *compactionIter) nextInStripeHelper() stripeChangeType {
 
 		i.curSnapshotIdx, i.curSnapshotSeqNum = snapshotIndex(key.SeqNum(), i.snapshots)
 		switch key.Kind() {
-		case InternalKeyKindRangeDelete:
-			// Range tombstones need to be exposed by the compactionIter to the upper level
-			// `compaction` object, so return them regardless of whether they are in the same
-			// snapshot stripe.
-			if i.curSnapshotIdx == origSnapshotIdx {
-				return sameStripeNonSkippable
-			}
-			return newStripeSameKey
 		case InternalKeyKindRangeKeySet, InternalKeyKindRangeKeyUnset, InternalKeyKindRangeKeyDelete:
-			// Range keys are interleaved at the max sequence number for a given user
-			// key, so we should not see any more range keys in this stripe.
+			// Range keys are interleaved once, at the max sequence number
+			// before all other keys with the saem user key, so we should not
+			// see any more in this stripe.
 			panic("unreachable")
-		case InternalKeyKindInvalid:
-			if i.curSnapshotIdx == origSnapshotIdx {
-				return sameStripeNonSkippable
+		case InternalKeyKindRangeDelete:
+			// Range deletions are also interleaved at the max sequence number,
+			// but after any range keys beginning at the same user key (this
+			// falls out of the key kind numbering). Since they're interleaved
+			// at the max sequence number, they must fall within the first
+			// snapshot stripe.
+			if i.curSnapshotIdx != origSnapshotIdx {
+				panic(errors.AssertionFailedf("pebble: invariant violation: RANGEDEL in separate snapshot stripe"))
 			}
-			return newStripeSameKey
+			return sameStripe
 		case InternalKeyKindDelete, InternalKeyKindSet, InternalKeyKindMerge, InternalKeyKindSingleDelete,
 			InternalKeyKindSetWithDelete, InternalKeyKindDeleteSized:
 			// Fall through
 		default:
+			kind := i.iterKey.Kind()
 			i.iterKey = nil
-			i.err = base.CorruptionErrorf("invalid internal key kind: %d", errors.Safe(i.iterKey.Kind()))
+			i.err = base.CorruptionErrorf("invalid internal key kind: %d", errors.Safe(kind))
 			i.valid = false
 			return newStripeNewKey
 		}
@@ -740,7 +688,7 @@ func (i *compactionIter) nextInStripeHelper() stripeChangeType {
 			if i.rangeDelFrag.Covers(*i.iterKey, i.curSnapshotSeqNum) == keyspan.CoversVisibly {
 				continue
 			}
-			return sameStripeSkippable
+			return sameStripe
 		}
 		return newStripeSameKey
 	}
@@ -767,56 +715,15 @@ func (i *compactionIter) setNext() {
 	// Else, we continue to loop through entries in the stripe looking for a
 	// DEL. Note that we may stop *before* encountering a DEL, if one exists.
 	//
-	// NB: nextInStripe will skip sameStripeSkippable keys that are visibly
-	// covered by a RANGEDEL. This can include DELs -- this is fine since such
-	// DELs don't need to be combined with SET to make SETWITHDEL.
+	// NB: nextInStripe will skip sameStripe keys that are visibly covered by a
+	// RANGEDEL. This can include DELs -- this is fine since such DELs don't
+	// need to be combined with SET to make SETWITHDEL.
 	for {
 		switch i.nextInStripe() {
 		case newStripeNewKey, newStripeSameKey:
 			i.pos = iterPosNext
 			return
-		case sameStripeNonSkippable:
-			i.pos = iterPosNext
-			// We iterated onto a key that we cannot skip. We can
-			// conservatively transform the original SET into a SETWITHDEL
-			// as an indication that there *may* still be a DEL/SINGLEDEL
-			// under this SET, even if we did not actually encounter one.
-			//
-			// This is safe to do, as:
-			//
-			// - in the case that there *is not* actually a DEL/SINGLEDEL
-			// under this entry, any SINGLEDEL above this now-transformed
-			// SETWITHDEL will become a DEL when the two encounter in a
-			// compaction. The DEL will eventually be elided in a
-			// subsequent compaction. The cost for ensuring correctness is
-			// that this entry is kept around for an additional compaction
-			// cycle(s).
-			//
-			// - in the case there *is* indeed a DEL/SINGLEDEL under us
-			// (but in a different stripe or sstable), then we will have
-			// already done the work to transform the SET into a
-			// SETWITHDEL, and we will skip any additional iteration when
-			// this entry is encountered again in a subsequent compaction.
-			//
-			// Ideally, this codepath would be smart enough to handle the
-			// case of SET <- RANGEDEL <- ... <- DEL/SINGLEDEL <- ....
-			// This requires preserving any RANGEDEL entries we encounter
-			// along the way, then emitting the original (possibly
-			// transformed) key, followed by the RANGEDELs. This requires
-			// a sizable refactoring of the existing code, as nextInStripe
-			// currently returns a sameStripeNonSkippable when it
-			// encounters a RANGEDEL.
-			// TODO(travers): optimize to handle the RANGEDEL case if it
-			// turns out to be a performance problem.
-			i.key.SetKind(InternalKeyKindSetWithDelete)
-
-			// By setting i.skip=true, we are saying that after the
-			// non-skippable key is emitted (which is likely a RANGEDEL),
-			// the remaining point keys that share the same user key as this
-			// saved key should be skipped.
-			i.skip = true
-			return
-		case sameStripeSkippable:
+		case sameStripe:
 			// We're still in the same stripe. If this is a
 			// DEL/SINGLEDEL/DELSIZED, we stop looking and emit a SETWITHDEL.
 			// Subsequent keys are eligible for skipping.
@@ -837,7 +744,7 @@ func (i *compactionIter) setNext() {
 	}
 }
 
-func (i *compactionIter) mergeNext(valueMerger ValueMerger) stripeChangeType {
+func (i *compactionIter) mergeNext(valueMerger ValueMerger) {
 	// Save the current key.
 	i.saveKey()
 	i.valid = true
@@ -845,20 +752,20 @@ func (i *compactionIter) mergeNext(valueMerger ValueMerger) stripeChangeType {
 	// Loop looking for older values in the current snapshot stripe and merge
 	// them.
 	for {
-		if i.nextInStripe() != sameStripeSkippable {
+		if i.nextInStripe() != sameStripe {
 			i.pos = iterPosNext
-			return i.iterStripeChange
+			return
 		}
 		if i.err != nil {
 			panic(i.err)
 		}
 		// NB: MERGE#10+RANGEDEL#9 stays a MERGE, since nextInStripe skips
-		// sameStripeSkippable keys that are visibly covered by a RANGEDEL. There
-		// may be MERGE#7 that is invisibly covered and will be preserved, but
-		// there is no risk that MERGE#10 and MERGE#7 will get merged in the
-		// future as the RANGEDEL still exists and will be used in user-facing
-		// reads that see MERGE#10, and will also eventually cause MERGE#7 to be
-		// deleted in a compaction.
+		// sameStripe keys that are visibly covered by a RANGEDEL. There may be
+		// MERGE#7 that is invisibly covered and will be preserved, but there is
+		// no risk that MERGE#10 and MERGE#7 will get merged in the future as
+		// the RANGEDEL still exists and will be used in user-facing reads that
+		// see MERGE#10, and will also eventually cause MERGE#7 to be deleted in
+		// a compaction.
 		key := i.iterKey
 		switch key.Kind() {
 		case InternalKeyKindDelete, InternalKeyKindSingleDelete, InternalKeyKindDeleteSized:
@@ -881,7 +788,7 @@ func (i *compactionIter) mergeNext(valueMerger ValueMerger) stripeChangeType {
 			// use of SingleDelete.
 			i.key.SetKind(InternalKeyKindSetWithDelete)
 			i.skip = true
-			return sameStripeSkippable
+			return
 
 		case InternalKeyKindSet, InternalKeyKindSetWithDelete:
 			// We've hit a Set or SetWithDel value. Merge with the existing
@@ -891,11 +798,11 @@ func (i *compactionIter) mergeNext(valueMerger ValueMerger) stripeChangeType {
 			i.err = valueMerger.MergeOlder(i.iterValue)
 			if i.err != nil {
 				i.valid = false
-				return sameStripeSkippable
+				return
 			}
 			i.key.SetKind(InternalKeyKindSet)
 			i.skip = true
-			return sameStripeSkippable
+			return
 
 		case InternalKeyKindMerge:
 			// We've hit another Merge value. Merge with the existing value and
@@ -903,13 +810,13 @@ func (i *compactionIter) mergeNext(valueMerger ValueMerger) stripeChangeType {
 			i.err = valueMerger.MergeOlder(i.iterValue)
 			if i.err != nil {
 				i.valid = false
-				return sameStripeSkippable
+				return
 			}
 
 		default:
 			i.err = base.CorruptionErrorf("invalid internal key kind: %d", errors.Safe(i.iterKey.Kind()))
 			i.valid = false
-			return sameStripeSkippable
+			return
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -934,7 +841,7 @@ func (i *compactionIter) singleDeleteNext() bool {
 	for {
 		// If we find a key that can't be skipped, return true so that the
 		// caller yields the SingleDelete to the caller.
-		if i.nextInStripe() != sameStripeSkippable {
+		if i.nextInStripe() != sameStripe {
 			// This defers additional error checking regarding single delete
 			// invariants to the compaction where the keys with the same user key as
 			// the single delete are in the same stripe.
@@ -944,7 +851,7 @@ func (i *compactionIter) singleDeleteNext() bool {
 		if i.err != nil {
 			panic(i.err)
 		}
-		// INVARIANT: sameStripeSkippable.
+		// INVARIANT: sameStripe.
 		key := i.iterKey
 		kind := key.Kind()
 		switch kind {
@@ -970,33 +877,26 @@ func (i *compactionIter) singleDeleteNext() bool {
 			// since we are at the key after the Set/Merge that was single deleted.
 			change := i.nextInStripe()
 			switch change {
-			case sameStripeSkippable, newStripeSameKey:
+			case sameStripe, newStripeSameKey:
 				// On the same user key.
 				nextKind := i.iterKey.Kind()
 				switch nextKind {
 				case InternalKeyKindSet, InternalKeyKindSetWithDelete, InternalKeyKindMerge:
 					if i.singleDeleteInvariantViolationCallback != nil {
-						// sameStripeSkippable keys returned by nextInStripe() are already
+						// sameStripe keys returned by nextInStripe() are already
 						// known to not be covered by a RANGEDEL, so it is an invariant
 						// violation. The rare case is newStripeSameKey, where it is a
 						// violation if not covered by a RANGEDEL.
-						if change == sameStripeSkippable ||
+						if change == sameStripe ||
 							i.rangeDelFrag.Covers(*i.iterKey, i.curSnapshotSeqNum) == keyspan.NoCover {
 							i.singleDeleteInvariantViolationCallback(i.key.UserKey)
 						}
 					}
-				case InternalKeyKindDelete, InternalKeyKindDeleteSized, InternalKeyKindSingleDelete,
-					InternalKeyKindRangeDelete:
+				case InternalKeyKindDelete, InternalKeyKindDeleteSized, InternalKeyKindSingleDelete:
 				default:
 					panic(errors.AssertionFailedf(
 						"unexpected internal key kind: %d", errors.Safe(i.iterKey.Kind())))
 				}
-			case sameStripeNonSkippable:
-				// No ability to check whether there is another Set/Merge below with
-				// the same user key.
-				//
-				// TODO(sumeer): once range deletions are interleaved at the maximal
-				// sequence number, this case will go away.
 			case newStripeNewKey:
 			default:
 				panic("unreachable")
@@ -1054,25 +954,7 @@ func (i *compactionIter) skipDueToSingleDeleteElision() {
 			// determined that the tombstone is in the final snapshot stripe, but we
 			// stepped into a new stripe of the same key.
 			panic(errors.AssertionFailedf("eliding single delete followed by same key in new stripe"))
-		case sameStripeNonSkippable:
-			// There's a key that we cannot skip. There are two possible cases:
-			//   a. The key is invalid. This is an error.
-			//   b. The key is a range deletion.
-			// The second case may also be an ineffectual single delete. However, it
-			// is possible that there is a SET that is at the same seqnum as the
-			// RANGEDEL, and so is not deleted by that RANGEDEL, and will be deleted
-			// by this single delete. So we cannot be certain that this is an
-			// ineffectual single delete.
-			//
-			// TODO(sumeer): the existing todo to interleave range deletions at the
-			// maximal sequence number will allow us to address this ambiguity.
-			//
-			// TODO(sumeer): by setting skip to true, the compactionIter is making a
-			// single delete stronger (like a del), which will hide bugs in the use of
-			// single delete.
-			i.skip = true
-			return
-		case sameStripeSkippable:
+		case sameStripe:
 			kind := i.iterKey.Kind()
 			switch kind {
 			case InternalKeyKindDelete, InternalKeyKindDeleteSized, InternalKeyKindSingleDelete:
@@ -1113,7 +995,7 @@ func (i *compactionIter) skipDueToSingleDeleteElision() {
 				case newStripeSameKey:
 					panic(errors.AssertionFailedf("eliding single delete followed by same key in new stripe"))
 				case newStripeNewKey:
-				case sameStripeSkippable:
+				case sameStripe:
 					// On the same key.
 					nextKind := i.iterKey.Kind()
 					switch nextKind {
@@ -1121,18 +1003,11 @@ func (i *compactionIter) skipDueToSingleDeleteElision() {
 						if i.singleDeleteInvariantViolationCallback != nil {
 							i.singleDeleteInvariantViolationCallback(i.key.UserKey)
 						}
-					case InternalKeyKindDelete, InternalKeyKindDeleteSized, InternalKeyKindSingleDelete,
-						InternalKeyKindRangeDelete:
+					case InternalKeyKindDelete, InternalKeyKindDeleteSized, InternalKeyKindSingleDelete:
 					default:
 						panic(errors.AssertionFailedf(
 							"unexpected internal key kind: %d", errors.Safe(i.iterKey.Kind())))
 					}
-				case sameStripeNonSkippable:
-					// No ability to check whether there is another Set/Merge below with
-					// the same user key.
-					//
-					// TODO(sumeer): once range deletions are interleaved at the maximal
-					// sequence number, this case will go away.
 				default:
 					panic("unreachable")
 				}
@@ -1174,7 +1049,7 @@ func (i *compactionIter) deleteSizedNext() (*base.InternalKey, []byte) {
 
 	// Loop through all the keys within this stripe that are skippable.
 	i.pos = iterPosNext
-	for i.nextInStripe() == sameStripeSkippable {
+	for i.nextInStripe() == sameStripe {
 		if i.err != nil {
 			panic(i.err)
 		}
@@ -1305,13 +1180,12 @@ func (i *compactionIter) deleteSizedNext() (*base.InternalKey, []byte) {
 			return nil, nil
 		}
 	}
-	// Reset skip if we landed outside the original stripe. Otherwise, we landed
-	// in the same stripe on a non-skippable key. In that case we should preserve
-	// `i.skip == true` such that later keys in the stripe will continue to be
-	// skipped.
-	if i.iterStripeChange == newStripeNewKey || i.iterStripeChange == newStripeSameKey {
-		i.skip = false
+
+	if i.iterStripeChange == sameStripe {
+		panic(errors.AssertionFailedf("unexpectedly found iter stripe change = %d", i.iterStripeChange))
 	}
+	// We landed outside the original stripe. Reset skip.
+	i.skip = false
 	if i.err != nil {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
diff --git a/compaction_iter_test.go b/compaction_iter_test.go
index 932abde16e..73743448f5 100644
--- a/compaction_iter_test.go
+++ b/compaction_iter_test.go
@@ -81,11 +81,13 @@ func TestCompactionIter(t *testing.T) {
 	var merge Merge
 	var keys []InternalKey
 	var rangeKeys []keyspan.Span
+	var rangeDels []keyspan.Span
 	var vals [][]byte
 	var snapshots []uint64
 	var elideTombstones bool
 	var allowZeroSeqnum bool
-	var interleavingIter *keyspan.InterleavingIter
+	var rangeKeyInterleaving *keyspan.InterleavingIter
+	var rangeDelInterleaving *keyspan.InterleavingIter
 
 	// The input to the data-driven test is dependent on the format major
 	// version we are testing against.
@@ -108,13 +110,19 @@ func TestCompactionIter(t *testing.T) {
 		// susceptible to use-after-free bugs, we skip the zeroing of
 		// RangeDelete keys.
 		fi := &fakeIter{keys: keys, vals: vals}
-		interleavingIter = &keyspan.InterleavingIter{}
-		interleavingIter.Init(
+		rangeDelInterleaving = &keyspan.InterleavingIter{}
+		rangeDelInterleaving.Init(
 			base.DefaultComparer,
 			fi,
+			keyspan.NewIter(base.DefaultComparer.Compare, rangeDels),
+			keyspan.InterleavingIterOpts{})
+		rangeKeyInterleaving = &keyspan.InterleavingIter{}
+		rangeKeyInterleaving.Init(
+			base.DefaultComparer,
+			rangeDelInterleaving,
 			keyspan.NewIter(base.DefaultComparer.Compare, rangeKeys),
 			keyspan.InterleavingIterOpts{})
-		iter := invalidating.NewIter(interleavingIter, invalidating.IgnoreKinds(InternalKeyKindRangeDelete))
+		iter := invalidating.NewIter(rangeKeyInterleaving, invalidating.IgnoreKinds(InternalKeyKindRangeDelete))
 		if merge == nil {
 			merge = func(key, value []byte) (base.ValueMerger, error) {
 				m := &debugMerger{}
@@ -161,9 +169,37 @@ func TestCompactionIter(t *testing.T) {
 				keys = keys[:0]
 				vals = vals[:0]
 				rangeKeys = rangeKeys[:0]
+				rangeDels = rangeDels[:0]
+				rangeDelFragmenter := keyspan.Fragmenter{
+					Cmp:    DefaultComparer.Compare,
+					Format: DefaultComparer.FormatKey,
+					Emit: func(s keyspan.Span) {
+						rangeDels = append(rangeDels, s)
+					},
+				}
 				for _, key := range strings.Split(d.Input, "\n") {
+					// If the line ends in a '}' assume it's a span.
+					if strings.HasSuffix(key, "}") {
+						s := keyspan.ParseSpan(strings.TrimSpace(key))
+						rangeKeys = append(rangeKeys, s)
+						continue
+					}
+
 					j := strings.Index(key, ":")
-					keys = append(keys, base.ParseInternalKey(key[:j]))
+					ik := base.ParseInternalKey(key[:j])
+					if rangekey.IsRangeKey(ik.Kind()) {
+						panic("range keys must be pre-fragmented and formatted as spans")
+					}
+					if ik.Kind() == base.InternalKeyKindRangeDelete {
+						rangeDelFragmenter.Add(keyspan.Span{
+							Start: ik.UserKey,
+							End:   []byte(key[j+1:]),
+							Keys:  []keyspan.Key{{Trailer: ik.Trailer}},
+						})
+						continue
+					}
+
+					keys = append(keys, ik)
 
 					if strings.HasPrefix(key[j+1:], "varint(") {
 						valueStr := strings.TrimSuffix(strings.TrimPrefix(key[j+1:], "varint("), ")")
@@ -175,13 +211,7 @@ func TestCompactionIter(t *testing.T) {
 						vals = append(vals, []byte(key[j+1:]))
 					}
 				}
-				return ""
-
-			case "define-range-keys":
-				for _, key := range strings.Split(d.Input, "\n") {
-					s := keyspan.ParseSpan(strings.TrimSpace(key))
-					rangeKeys = append(rangeKeys, s)
-				}
+				rangeDelFragmenter.Finish()
 				return ""
 
 			case "iter":
@@ -288,16 +318,10 @@ func TestCompactionIter(t *testing.T) {
 						}
 						fmt.Fprintf(&b, "%s:%s%s%s\n", iter.Key(), v, snapshotPinned, forceObsolete)
 						if iter.Key().Kind() == InternalKeyKindRangeDelete {
-							iter.rangeDelFrag.Add(keyspan.Span{
-								Start: append([]byte{}, iter.Key().UserKey...),
-								End:   append([]byte{}, iter.Value()...),
-								Keys: []keyspan.Key{
-									{Trailer: iter.Key().Trailer},
-								},
-							})
+							iter.rangeDelFrag.Add(*rangeDelInterleaving.Span())
 						}
 						if rangekey.IsRangeKey(iter.Key().Kind()) {
-							iter.rangeKeyFrag.Add(*interleavingIter.Span())
+							iter.rangeKeyFrag.Add(*rangeKeyInterleaving.Span())
 						}
 					} else if err := iter.Error(); err != nil {
 						fmt.Fprintf(&b, "err=%v\n", err)
diff --git a/testdata/compaction_iter_delete_sized b/testdata/compaction_iter_delete_sized
index 950ec82cf6..209c5df448 100644
--- a/testdata/compaction_iter_delete_sized
+++ b/testdata/compaction_iter_delete_sized
@@ -247,9 +247,7 @@ a.INVALID.1:c
 
 iter
 first
-next
 ----
-a#2,18:b
 err=invalid internal key kind: INVALID
 
 define
@@ -259,9 +257,7 @@ a.INVALID.1:c
 
 iter
 first
-next
 ----
-a#2,2:b
 err=invalid internal key kind: INVALID
 
 define
@@ -271,10 +267,10 @@ a.RANGEDEL.1:d
 
 iter
 first
-tombstones
+next
 ----
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 err=invalid internal key kind: INVALID
-.
 
 define
 a.MERGE.2:b
@@ -306,11 +302,13 @@ first
 next
 next
 next
+next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#2,18:b
-a#1,15:c
-b#4,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+a#2,1:b
+b#72057594037927935,15:
+c#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 a-b#1
 b-c#4
@@ -322,11 +320,13 @@ first
 next
 next
 next
+next
 tombstones
 ----
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 a#2,1:b
-a#1,15:c
-b#4,15:d
+b#72057594037927935,15:
+c#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 a-b#1
 b-c#4
@@ -340,12 +340,14 @@ next
 next
 next
 next
+next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#2,18:b (not pinned) (not force obsolete)
-a#1,15:c (not pinned) (not force obsolete)
-b#4,15:d (not pinned) (not force obsolete)
+a#72057594037927935,15: (not pinned) (not force obsolete)
+a#2,1:b (pinned) (not force obsolete)
+b#72057594037927935,15: (not pinned) (not force obsolete)
 b#2,1:e (pinned) (force obsolete)
+c#72057594037927935,15: (not pinned) (force obsolete)
 .
 a-b#1
 b-c#4
@@ -360,12 +362,14 @@ next
 next
 next
 next
+next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#2,18:b (not pinned) (not force obsolete)
-a#1,15:c (not pinned) (not force obsolete)
-b#4,15:d (not pinned) (not force obsolete)
+a#72057594037927935,15: (not pinned) (not force obsolete)
+a#2,1:b (pinned) (not force obsolete)
+b#72057594037927935,15: (not pinned) (not force obsolete)
 b#2,1:e (pinned) (force obsolete)
+c#72057594037927935,15: (not pinned) (force obsolete)
 c#3,1:f (pinned) (force obsolete)
 .
 a-b#1
@@ -390,7 +394,7 @@ next
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#3,15:e
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 b#4,1:b
 c#3,1:c
 e#1,1:e
@@ -414,7 +418,7 @@ next
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#3,15:e
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 b#4,2:b
 c#3,2:c
 e#1,2:e
@@ -443,10 +447,10 @@ next
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#3,15:c
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 b#5,2:de
+d#72057594037927935,15:
 d#5,2:bc
-d#3,15:f
 .
 a-c#3
 d-f#3
@@ -463,11 +467,15 @@ first
 next
 next
 next
+next
+next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#3,15:d
-b#2,15:e
-c#1,15:f
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+b#72057594037927935,15:
+c#72057594037927935,15:
+d#72057594037927935,15:
+e#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 a-b#3
 b-c#3
@@ -483,17 +491,16 @@ next
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#3,15:d
-b#2,15:e
-c#1,15:f
-.
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+b#72057594037927935,15:
+c#72057594037927935,15:
+d#72057594037927935,15:
 a-b#3
 b-c#3
 c-d#3
 c-d#1
 d-e#2
 d-e#1
-e-f#1
 .
 
 iter snapshots=3
@@ -501,11 +508,15 @@ first
 next
 next
 next
+next
+next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#3,15:d
-b#2,15:e
-c#1,15:f
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+b#72057594037927935,15:
+c#72057594037927935,15:
+d#72057594037927935,15:
+e#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 a-b#3
 b-c#3
@@ -521,11 +532,15 @@ first
 next
 next
 next
+next
+next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#3,15:d
-b#2,15:e
-c#1,15:f
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+b#72057594037927935,15:
+c#72057594037927935,15:
+d#72057594037927935,15:
+e#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 a-b#3
 b-c#3
@@ -551,7 +566,7 @@ tombstones f
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#10,15:k (not pinned) (not force obsolete)
+a#72057594037927935,15: (not pinned) (not force obsolete)
 f#9,1:f (pinned) (force obsolete)
 a-f#10
 .
@@ -572,7 +587,7 @@ tombstones f
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-f#10,15:k
+f#72057594037927935,15:
 f#9,1:f
 .
 f#8,1:f
@@ -589,17 +604,21 @@ d.SET.4:d
 iter
 first
 next
+tombstones c
+next
+next
 next
 next
-tombstones c
 tombstones
 ----
 a#1,1:a
-b#2,15:d
-c#3,15:e
-d#4,1:d
+b#72057594037927935,15:
 b-c#2
 .
+c#72057594037927935,15:
+d#72057594037927935,15:
+d#4,1:d
+.
 c-d#3
 d-e#3
 .
@@ -607,17 +626,21 @@ d-e#3
 iter snapshots=3
 first
 next
+tombstones c
+next
+next
 next
 next
-tombstones c
 tombstones
 ----
 a#1,1:a
-b#2,15:d
-c#3,15:e
-d#4,1:d
+b#72057594037927935,15:
 b-c#2
 .
+c#72057594037927935,15:
+d#72057594037927935,15:
+d#4,1:d
+.
 c-d#3
 c-d#2
 d-e#3
@@ -633,12 +656,14 @@ iter
 first
 next
 next
+next
 tombstones c
 tombstones
 ----
 a#1,1:a
-b#2,15:d
+b#72057594037927935,15:
 c#4,1:d
+.
 b-c#2
 .
 c-d#2
@@ -658,7 +683,7 @@ next
 next
 next
 ----
-a#2,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 a#2,1:a
 b#2,1:b
 c#2,1:c
@@ -979,8 +1004,8 @@ next
 next
 tombstones
 ----
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 a#3,7:
-a#2,15:c
 .
 a-c#2
 .
@@ -998,7 +1023,7 @@ next
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#3,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 d#2,0:
 .
 a-d#3
@@ -1010,7 +1035,7 @@ next
 next
 next
 ----
-a#3,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 a#2,0:
 d#2,0:
 .
@@ -1021,7 +1046,7 @@ next
 next
 next
 ----
-a#3,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 a#1,1:a
 d#2,0:
 .
@@ -1031,7 +1056,7 @@ first
 next
 next
 ----
-a#3,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 d#2,0:
 .
 
@@ -1049,7 +1074,7 @@ tombstones
 ----
 a#2,2:a
 .
-b#1,15:c
+b#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 b-c#1
 .
@@ -1064,12 +1089,10 @@ iter allow-zero-seqnum=true
 first
 next
 next
-next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#2,2:v2
-a#1,15:b
-a#0,2:v1
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+a#0,2:v1v2
 .
 a-b#1
 .
@@ -1135,7 +1158,7 @@ first
 next
 next
 ----
-a#3,15:c
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 b#5,2:5
 .
 
@@ -1144,7 +1167,7 @@ first
 next
 next
 ----
-a#3,15:c
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 b#0,2:5
 .
 
@@ -1152,10 +1175,12 @@ iter snapshots=2
 first
 next
 next
+next
 ----
-a#3,15:c
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 b#5,2:5
 b#1,2:1
+.
 
 define
 a.RANGEDEL.3:c
@@ -1169,7 +1194,7 @@ first
 next
 next
 ----
-a#3,15:c
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 b#5,2:5
 .
 
@@ -1177,10 +1202,12 @@ iter snapshots=2
 first
 next
 next
+next
 ----
-a#3,15:c
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 b#5,2:5
 b#1,2:1
+.
 
 # SET that meets a DEL is transformed into a SETWITHDEL.
 
@@ -1303,8 +1330,8 @@ first
 next
 next
 ----
-a#0,18:c
-a#2,15:z
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+a#0,1:c
 .
 
 iter allow-zero-seqnum=true snapshots=3
@@ -1313,8 +1340,8 @@ next
 next
 next
 ----
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 a#3,1:c
-a#2,15:z
 a#0,1:b
 .
 
@@ -1324,8 +1351,8 @@ next
 next
 next
 ----
-a#3,18:c
-a#2,15:z
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+a#3,1:c
 a#1,0:
 .
 
@@ -1341,8 +1368,8 @@ first
 next
 next
 ----
-a#4,18:c
-a#3,15:z
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+a#4,1:c
 .
 
 # Invalid keys are emitted under SETWITHDEL.
@@ -1354,9 +1381,7 @@ a.INVALID.1:
 
 iter
 first
-next
 ----
-a#2,18:b
 err=invalid internal key kind: INVALID
 
 define
@@ -1367,9 +1392,7 @@ a.SET.1:b
 
 iter
 first
-next
 ----
-a#3,18:c
 err=invalid internal key kind: INVALID
 
 # SINGLEDEL that meets a SETWITHDEL is transformed into a DEL.
@@ -1653,9 +1676,9 @@ tombstones
 
 # Test a very subtle sequence where a elision of tombstones is active, and a
 # unskippable RANGEDEL sits between a DELSIZED and the key it was intended to
-# delete. The unskippable RANGEDEL breaks the skipping of keys within the
-# snapshot stripe, but it's ultimately okay because we preserve skip=true across
-# the RANGEDEL return.
+# delete. In previous versions of the code, the RANGEDEL was interleaved at its
+# sequence number and "unskippable" breaking the skipping of keys within the
+# snapshot stripe.
 
 define
 a.DELSIZED.5:varint(4)
@@ -1668,7 +1691,7 @@ first
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#4,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 .
 
@@ -1679,7 +1702,7 @@ first
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#4,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 .
 
@@ -1696,7 +1719,7 @@ first
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#4,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 .
 
@@ -1713,9 +1736,10 @@ first
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#4,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 .
+ineffectual-single-deletes: a
 
 # Perform a few variants of the above but with a range del with a seqnum equal to
 # keys. NB: When seqnums are equal, the order of keys with various kinds is:
@@ -1726,15 +1750,12 @@ a#4,15:d
 # compaction iterator should always observe them first.
 
 define
+a-z:{(#5,RANGEKEYDEL)}
 a.SINGLEDEL.6:
 a.SETWITHDEL.5:foo
 a.RANGEDEL.5:z
 ----
 
-define-range-keys
-a-z:{(#5,RANGEKEYDEL)}
-----
-
 # In the following case, the SINGLEDEL meets a SETWITHDEL, promoting the
 # SINGLEDEL into a DEL.
 
@@ -1746,8 +1767,8 @@ next
 tombstones
 ----
 a#72057594037927935,19:
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 a#6,0:
-a#5,15:z
 .
 a-z#5
 .
@@ -1762,7 +1783,7 @@ next
 tombstones
 ----
 a#72057594037927935,19:
-a#5,15:z
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 .
 
@@ -1772,21 +1793,17 @@ a.RANGEDEL.5:d
 a.SET.5:foo
 ----
 
-# NB: In this case, the RANGEDEL acts as an unintentional snapshot stripe
-# change. This is a code artifact, and we will be able to remove this behavior
-# when range deletes are interleaved at the maximal sequence number by an
-# interleaving iterator (like range keys are).
+# NB: In this case, in previous versions of the code, the RANGEDEL acted as an
+# unintentional snapshot stripe change. This was a code artifact that was fixed
+# when we began interleaving range deletions at the maximal sequence number
+# using an interleaving iterator (like range keys are).
 
 iter
 first
 next
-next
-next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#6,7:
-a#5,15:d
-a#5,1:foo
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 a-d#5
 .
@@ -1796,7 +1813,7 @@ first
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#5,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 .
 
@@ -1807,17 +1824,20 @@ a.RANGEDEL.4:d
 a.SET.4:bar
 ----
 
-# The SINGLEDEL invariant checking can't see past the RANGEDEL and see that
-# the a.SET.4 violates the invariant. This is a code artifact that will be
-# improved when range deletes are interleaved at the maximal sequence number.
+# In previous versions of the code, the SINGLEDEL invariant checking could not
+# see past the RANGEDEL and see that the a.SET.4 violates the invariant. This
+# was a code artifact that has been improved when we began interleaving range
+# deletes at the maximal sequence number
+
 iter
 first
 next
 next
 ----
-a#4,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 a#4,1:bar
 .
+invariant-violation-single-deletes: a
 
 define
 a.SINGLEDEL.6:
@@ -1832,8 +1852,8 @@ first
 next
 tombstones
 ----
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 a#6,0:
-a#5,15:d
 a-d#5
 .
 
@@ -1842,7 +1862,7 @@ first
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#5,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 .
 
@@ -1855,10 +1875,12 @@ a.SET.5:foo
 iter
 first
 next
+next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#6,23:varint(3)
-a#5,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+a#6,0:
+.
 a-d#5
 .
 
@@ -1867,7 +1889,7 @@ first
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#5,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 .
 
diff --git a/testdata/compaction_iter_set_with_del b/testdata/compaction_iter_set_with_del
index 620c1cf3b8..d412ad79d6 100644
--- a/testdata/compaction_iter_set_with_del
+++ b/testdata/compaction_iter_set_with_del
@@ -247,9 +247,7 @@ a.INVALID.1:c
 
 iter
 first
-next
 ----
-a#2,18:b
 err=invalid internal key kind: INVALID
 
 define
@@ -259,9 +257,7 @@ a.INVALID.1:c
 
 iter
 first
-next
 ----
-a#2,2:b
 err=invalid internal key kind: INVALID
 
 define
@@ -271,9 +267,12 @@ a.RANGEDEL.1:d
 
 iter
 first
+next
 tombstones
 ----
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 err=invalid internal key kind: INVALID
+a-d#1
 .
 
 define
@@ -306,11 +305,13 @@ first
 next
 next
 next
+next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#2,18:b
-a#1,15:c
-b#4,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+a#2,1:b
+b#72057594037927935,15:
+c#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 a-b#1
 b-c#4
@@ -322,11 +323,13 @@ first
 next
 next
 next
+next
 tombstones
 ----
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 a#2,1:b
-a#1,15:c
-b#4,15:d
+b#72057594037927935,15:
+c#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 a-b#1
 b-c#4
@@ -340,12 +343,14 @@ next
 next
 next
 next
+next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#2,18:b
-a#1,15:c
-b#4,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+a#2,1:b
+b#72057594037927935,15:
 b#2,1:e
+c#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 a-b#1
 b-c#4
@@ -360,12 +365,14 @@ next
 next
 next
 next
+next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#2,18:b
-a#1,15:c
-b#4,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+a#2,1:b
+b#72057594037927935,15:
 b#2,1:e
+c#72057594037927935,15:
 c#3,1:f
 .
 a-b#1
@@ -390,7 +397,7 @@ next
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#3,15:e
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 b#4,1:b
 c#3,1:c
 e#1,1:e
@@ -414,7 +421,7 @@ next
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#3,15:e
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 b#4,2:b
 c#3,2:c
 e#1,2:e
@@ -443,10 +450,10 @@ next
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#3,15:c
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 b#5,2:de
+d#72057594037927935,15:
 d#5,2:bc
-d#3,15:f
 .
 a-c#3
 d-f#3
@@ -463,11 +470,15 @@ first
 next
 next
 next
+next
+next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#3,15:d
-b#2,15:e
-c#1,15:f
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+b#72057594037927935,15:
+c#72057594037927935,15:
+d#72057594037927935,15:
+e#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 a-b#3
 b-c#3
@@ -481,11 +492,15 @@ first
 next
 next
 next
+next
+next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#3,15:d
-b#2,15:e
-c#1,15:f
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+b#72057594037927935,15:
+c#72057594037927935,15:
+d#72057594037927935,15:
+e#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 a-b#3
 b-c#3
@@ -501,11 +516,15 @@ first
 next
 next
 next
+next
+next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#3,15:d
-b#2,15:e
-c#1,15:f
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+b#72057594037927935,15:
+c#72057594037927935,15:
+d#72057594037927935,15:
+e#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 a-b#3
 b-c#3
@@ -521,11 +540,15 @@ first
 next
 next
 next
+next
+next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#3,15:d
-b#2,15:e
-c#1,15:f
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+b#72057594037927935,15:
+c#72057594037927935,15:
+d#72057594037927935,15:
+e#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 a-b#3
 b-c#3
@@ -551,7 +574,7 @@ tombstones f
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#10,15:k
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 f#9,1:f
 a-f#10
 .
@@ -572,7 +595,7 @@ tombstones f
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-f#10,15:k
+f#72057594037927935,15:
 f#9,1:f
 .
 f#8,1:f
@@ -589,17 +612,21 @@ d.SET.4:d
 iter
 first
 next
+tombstones c
+next
+next
 next
 next
-tombstones c
 tombstones
 ----
 a#1,1:a
-b#2,15:d
-c#3,15:e
-d#4,1:d
+b#72057594037927935,15:
 b-c#2
 .
+c#72057594037927935,15:
+d#72057594037927935,15:
+d#4,1:d
+.
 c-d#3
 d-e#3
 .
@@ -607,17 +634,21 @@ d-e#3
 iter snapshots=3
 first
 next
+tombstones c
+next
+next
 next
 next
-tombstones c
 tombstones
 ----
 a#1,1:a
-b#2,15:d
-c#3,15:e
-d#4,1:d
+b#72057594037927935,15:
 b-c#2
 .
+c#72057594037927935,15:
+d#72057594037927935,15:
+d#4,1:d
+.
 c-d#3
 c-d#2
 d-e#3
@@ -637,7 +668,7 @@ tombstones c
 tombstones
 ----
 a#1,1:a
-b#2,15:d
+b#72057594037927935,15:
 c#4,1:d
 b-c#2
 .
@@ -658,7 +689,7 @@ next
 next
 next
 ----
-a#2,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 a#2,1:a
 b#2,1:b
 c#2,1:c
@@ -979,8 +1010,8 @@ next
 next
 tombstones
 ----
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 a#3,7:
-a#2,15:c
 .
 a-c#2
 .
@@ -998,7 +1029,7 @@ next
 next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#3,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 d#2,0:
 .
 a-d#3
@@ -1010,7 +1041,7 @@ next
 next
 next
 ----
-a#3,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 a#2,0:
 d#2,0:
 .
@@ -1021,7 +1052,7 @@ next
 next
 next
 ----
-a#3,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 a#1,1:a
 d#2,0:
 .
@@ -1031,7 +1062,7 @@ first
 next
 next
 ----
-a#3,15:d
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 d#2,0:
 .
 
@@ -1049,7 +1080,7 @@ tombstones
 ----
 a#2,2:a
 .
-b#1,15:c
+b#72057594037927935,15:
 .
 b-c#1
 .
@@ -1064,12 +1095,10 @@ iter allow-zero-seqnum=true
 first
 next
 next
-next
 tombstones
 ----
-a#2,2:v2
-a#1,15:b
-a#0,2:v1
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+a#0,2:v1v2
 .
 a-b#1
 .
@@ -1135,7 +1164,7 @@ first
 next
 next
 ----
-a#3,15:c
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 b#5,2:5
 .
 
@@ -1144,7 +1173,7 @@ first
 next
 next
 ----
-a#3,15:c
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 b#0,2:5
 .
 
@@ -1153,7 +1182,7 @@ first
 next
 next
 ----
-a#3,15:c
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 b#5,2:5
 b#1,2:1
 
@@ -1169,7 +1198,7 @@ first
 next
 next
 ----
-a#3,15:c
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 b#5,2:5
 .
 
@@ -1178,7 +1207,7 @@ first
 next
 next
 ----
-a#3,15:c
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 b#5,2:5
 b#1,2:1
 
@@ -1291,6 +1320,7 @@ a#1,0:
 
 # SETWITHDEL-eligible entries at or under a RANGEDEL at the same user key should
 # be skipped.
+
 define
 a.SET.3:c
 a.RANGEDEL.2:z
@@ -1303,8 +1333,8 @@ first
 next
 next
 ----
-a#0,18:c
-a#2,15:z
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+a#0,1:c
 .
 
 iter allow-zero-seqnum=true snapshots=3
@@ -1313,8 +1343,8 @@ next
 next
 next
 ----
+a#72057594037927935,15:
 a#3,1:c
-a#2,15:z
 a#0,1:b
 .
 
@@ -1324,8 +1354,8 @@ next
 next
 next
 ----
-a#3,18:c
-a#2,15:z
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+a#3,1:c
 a#1,0:
 .
 
@@ -1341,8 +1371,8 @@ first
 next
 next
 ----
-a#4,18:c
-a#3,15:z
+a#72057594037927935,15:
+a#4,1:c
 .
 
 # Invalid keys are emitted under SETWITHDEL.
@@ -1354,9 +1384,7 @@ a.INVALID.1:
 
 iter
 first
-next
 ----
-a#2,18:b
 err=invalid internal key kind: INVALID
 
 define
@@ -1367,9 +1395,7 @@ a.SET.1:b
 
 iter
 first
-next
 ----
-a#3,18:c
 err=invalid internal key kind: INVALID
 
 # SINGLEDEL that meets a SETWITHDEL is transformed into a DEL.