regression.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "80848e41-23ea-499e-be23-15b2a5179e7d",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#import sys\n",
    "#!{sys.executable} -m pip install xlrd\n",
    "#!{sys.executable} -m pip install openpyxl \n",
    "\n",
    "import pandas as pd #tabular data\n",
    "import numpy as np #numeric operations\n",
    "#import xlrd as xlrd\n",
    "\n",
    "pd.set_option('display.max_rows', 500)\n",
    "pd.set_option('display.max_columns', 500)\n",
    "pd.set_option('display.width', 50)\n",
    " \n",
    "from matplotlib import pyplot as plt #visualizations\n",
    "import seaborn as sns\n",
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "#load data\n",
    "area            = pd.read_csv(\"C:/skripte/python/regression/csv/area.csv\",sep=';',skipinitialspace=True) \n",
    "crime           = pd.read_csv(\"C:/skripte/python/regression/csv/crime.csv\",sep=';',skipinitialspace=True)\n",
    "education       = pd.read_csv(\"C:/skripte/python/regression/csv/education.csv\",skiprows=[0],sep=';',skipinitialspace=True)\n",
    "income_xls      = pd.read_excel(\"C:/skripte/python/regression/csv/income.xls\",skiprows=[0])\n",
    "income_xlsx     = pd.read_excel(\"C:/skripte/python/regression/csv/income.xlsx\",skiprows=[0])\n",
    "region          = pd.read_csv(\"C:/skripte/python/regression/csv/region.txt\",sep='\\t',skipinitialspace=True)\n",
    "life_expectancy = pd.read_csv(\"C:/skripte/python/regression/csv/life_expectancy.csv\",sep=';')\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "3329bfa1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>\n",
      "RangeIndex: 50 entries, 0 to 49\n",
      "Data columns (total 12 columns):\n",
      " #   Column     Non-Null Count  Dtype  \n",
      "---  ------     --------------  -----  \n",
      " 0   State      50 non-null     object \n",
      " 1   TotalRank  50 non-null     int64  \n",
      " 2   TotalSqMi  50 non-null     float64\n",
      " 3   TotalKmQ   50 non-null     int64  \n",
      " 4   LandRank   50 non-null     int64  \n",
      " 5   LandSqMi   50 non-null     float64\n",
      " 6   LandKmQ    50 non-null     int64  \n",
      " 7   LandPer    50 non-null     float64\n",
      " 8   WaterRank  50 non-null     int64  \n",
      " 9   WaterSqMi  50 non-null     float64\n",
      " 10  WaterKmQ   50 non-null     int64  \n",
      " 11  WaterPer   50 non-null     float64\n",
      "dtypes: float64(5), int64(6), object(1)\n",
      "memory usage: 4.8+ KB\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "area.info()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "7b91bc51-e2f3-4621-8e14-7564fbfb962a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "50"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(area) #of data in dataset"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "45c037c7-e94a-4357-9961-1c410a89534a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>State</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalRank</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalSqMi</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalKmQ</th>\n",
       "      <th>LandRank</th>\n",
       "      <th>LandSqMi</th>\n",
       "      <th>LandKmQ</th>\n",
       "      <th>LandPer</th>\n",
       "      <th>WaterRank</th>\n",
       "      <th>WaterSqMi</th>\n",
       "      <th>WaterKmQ</th>\n",
       "      <th>WaterPer</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>665384.04</td>\n",
       "      <td>1723337</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>570640.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>1477953</td>\n",
       "      <td>85.76</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>94743.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>245384</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.24</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Texas</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>268596.46</td>\n",
       "      <td>695662</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>261231.71</td>\n",
       "      <td>676587</td>\n",
       "      <td>97.26</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>7364.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>19075</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.74</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>163694.74</td>\n",
       "      <td>423967</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>155779.22</td>\n",
       "      <td>403466</td>\n",
       "      <td>95.16</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>7915.52</td>\n",
       "      <td>20501</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.84</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Montana</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>147039.71</td>\n",
       "      <td>380831</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>145545.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>376962</td>\n",
       "      <td>98.98</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>1493.91</td>\n",
       "      <td>3869</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.02</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>New Mexico</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>121590.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>314917</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>121298.15</td>\n",
       "      <td>314161</td>\n",
       "      <td>99.76</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>292.15</td>\n",
       "      <td>757</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.24</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        State  TotalRank  TotalSqMi  TotalKmQ  \\\n",
       "0      Alaska          1  665384.04   1723337   \n",
       "1       Texas          2  268596.46    695662   \n",
       "2  California          3  163694.74    423967   \n",
       "3     Montana          4  147039.71    380831   \n",
       "4  New Mexico          5  121590.30    314917   \n",
       "\n",
       "   LandRank   LandSqMi  LandKmQ  LandPer  \\\n",
       "0         1  570640.95  1477953    85.76   \n",
       "1         2  261231.71   676587    97.26   \n",
       "2         3  155779.22   403466    95.16   \n",
       "3         4  145545.80   376962    98.98   \n",
       "4         5  121298.15   314161    99.76   \n",
       "\n",
       "   WaterRank  WaterSqMi  WaterKmQ  WaterPer  \n",
       "0          1   94743.10    245384     14.24  \n",
       "1          8    7364.75     19075      2.74  \n",
       "2          6    7915.52     20501      4.84  \n",
       "3         26    1493.91      3869      1.02  \n",
       "4         49     292.15       757      0.24  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "area.head() #first 5 rows"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "c4a731fd-5f9c-479e-8b71-72157e10fe92",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "             State  TotalRank  TotalSqMi  \\\n",
      "0           Alaska          1  665384.04   \n",
      "1            Texas          2  268596.46   \n",
      "2       California          3  163694.74   \n",
      "3          Montana          4  147039.71   \n",
      "4       New Mexico          5  121590.30   \n",
      "5          Arizona          6  113990.30   \n",
      "6           Nevada          7  110571.82   \n",
      "7         Colorado          8  104093.67   \n",
      "8           Oregon          9   98378.54   \n",
      "9          Wyoming         10   97813.01   \n",
      "10        Michigan         11   96713.51   \n",
      "11       Minnesota         12   86935.83   \n",
      "12            Utah         13   84896.88   \n",
      "13           Idaho         14   83568.95   \n",
      "14          Kansas         15   82278.36   \n",
      "15        Nebraska         16   77347.81   \n",
      "16    South Dakota         17   77115.68   \n",
      "17      Washington         18   71297.95   \n",
      "18    North Dakota         19   70698.32   \n",
      "19        Oklahoma         20   69898.87   \n",
      "20        Missouri         21   69706.99   \n",
      "21         Florida         22   65757.70   \n",
      "22       Wisconsin         23   65496.38   \n",
      "23         Georgia         24   59425.15   \n",
      "24        Illinois         25   57913.55   \n",
      "25            Iowa         26   56272.81   \n",
      "26        New York         27   54554.98   \n",
      "27  North Carolina         28   53819.16   \n",
      "28        Arkansas         29   53178.55   \n",
      "29         Alabama         30   52420.07   \n",
      "30       Louisiana         31   52378.13   \n",
      "31     Mississippi         32   48431.78   \n",
      "32    Pennsylvania         33   46054.34   \n",
      "33            Ohio         34   44825.58   \n",
      "34        Virginia         35   42774.93   \n",
      "35       Tennessee         36   42144.25   \n",
      "36        Kentucky         37   40407.80   \n",
      "37         Indiana         38   36419.55   \n",
      "38           Maine         39   35379.74   \n",
      "39  South Carolina         40   32020.49   \n",
      "40   West Virginia         41   24230.04   \n",
      "41        Maryland         42   12405.93   \n",
      "42          Hawaii         43   10931.72   \n",
      "43   Massachusetts         44   10554.39   \n",
      "44         Vermont         45    9616.36   \n",
      "45   New Hampshire         46    9349.16   \n",
      "46      New Jersey         47    8722.58   \n",
      "47     Connecticut         48    5543.41   \n",
      "48        Delaware         49    2488.72   \n",
      "49    Rhode Island         50    1544.89   \n",
      "\n",
      "    TotalKmQ  LandRank   LandSqMi  LandKmQ  \\\n",
      "0    1723337         1  570640.95  1477953   \n",
      "1     695662         2  261231.71   676587   \n",
      "2     423967         3  155779.22   403466   \n",
      "3     380831         4  145545.80   376962   \n",
      "4     314917         5  121298.15   314161   \n",
      "5     295234         6  113594.08   294207   \n",
      "6     286380         7  109781.18   284332   \n",
      "7     269601         8  103641.89   268431   \n",
      "8     254799        10   95988.01   248608   \n",
      "9     253335         9   97093.14   251470   \n",
      "10    250487        22   56538.90   146435   \n",
      "11    225163        14   79626.74   206232   \n",
      "12    219882        12   82169.62   212818   \n",
      "13    216443        11   82643.12   214045   \n",
      "14    213100        13   81758.72   211754   \n",
      "15    200330        15   76824.17   198974   \n",
      "16    199729        16   75811.00   196350   \n",
      "17    184661        20   66455.52   172119   \n",
      "18    183108        17   69000.80   178711   \n",
      "19    181037        19   68594.92   177660   \n",
      "20    180540        18   68741.52   178040   \n",
      "21    170312        26   53624.76   138887   \n",
      "22    169635        25   54157.80   140268   \n",
      "23    153910        21   57513.49   148959   \n",
      "24    149995        24   55518.93   143793   \n",
      "25    145746        23   55857.13   144669   \n",
      "26    141297        30   47126.40   122057   \n",
      "27    139391        29   48617.91   125920   \n",
      "28    137732        27   52035.48   134771   \n",
      "29    135767        28   50645.33   131171   \n",
      "30    135659        33   43203.90   111898   \n",
      "31    125438        31   46923.27   121531   \n",
      "32    119280        32   44742.70   115883   \n",
      "33    116098        35   40860.69   105829   \n",
      "34    110787        36   39490.09   102279   \n",
      "35    109153        34   41234.90   106798   \n",
      "36    104656        37   39486.34   102269   \n",
      "37     94326        38   35826.11    92789   \n",
      "38     91633        39   30842.92    79883   \n",
      "39     82933        40   30060.70    77857   \n",
      "40     62756        41   24038.21    62259   \n",
      "41     32131        42    9707.24    25142   \n",
      "42     28313        47    6422.63    16635   \n",
      "43     27336        45    7800.06    20202   \n",
      "44     24906        43    9216.66    23871   \n",
      "45     24214        44    8952.65    23187   \n",
      "46     22591        46    7354.22    19047   \n",
      "47     14357        48    4842.36    12542   \n",
      "48      6446        49    1948.54     5047   \n",
      "49      4001        50    1033.81     2678   \n",
      "\n",
      "    LandPer  WaterRank  WaterSqMi  WaterKmQ  \\\n",
      "0     85.76          1   94743.10    245384   \n",
      "1     97.26          8    7364.75     19075   \n",
      "2     95.16          6    7915.52     20501   \n",
      "3     98.98         26    1493.91      3869   \n",
      "4     99.76         49     292.15       757   \n",
      "5     99.65         48     396.22      1026   \n",
      "6     99.28         36     790.65      2048   \n",
      "7     99.57         44     451.78      1170   \n",
      "8     97.57         20    2390.53      6191   \n",
      "9     99.26         37     719.87      1864   \n",
      "10    58.46          2   40174.61    104052   \n",
      "11    91.59          9    7309.09     18930   \n",
      "12    96.79         17    2727.26      7064   \n",
      "13    98.89         33     925.83      2398   \n",
      "14    99.37         42     519.64      1346   \n",
      "15    99.32         41     523.64      1356   \n",
      "16    98.31         29    1304.68      3379   \n",
      "17    93.21         11    4842.43     12542   \n",
      "18    97.60         24    1697.52      4397   \n",
      "19    98.13         30    1303.95      3377   \n",
      "20    98.61         32     965.47      2501   \n",
      "21    81.55          3   12132.94     31424   \n",
      "22    82.69          4   11338.57     29367   \n",
      "23    96.78         22    1911.66      4951   \n",
      "24    95.87         19    2394.62      6202   \n",
      "25    99.26         45     415.68      1077   \n",
      "26    86.38          7    7428.58     19240   \n",
      "27    90.34         10    5201.25     13471   \n",
      "28    97.85         31    1143.07      2961   \n",
      "29    96.61         23    1774.74      4597   \n",
      "30    82.48          5    9174.23     23761   \n",
      "31    96.89         25    1508.51      3907   \n",
      "32    97.15         28    1311.64      3397   \n",
      "33    91.15         14    3964.89     10269   \n",
      "34    92.32         15    3284.84      8508   \n",
      "35    97.84         35     909.36      2355   \n",
      "36    97.72         34     921.46      2387   \n",
      "37    98.37         39     593.44      1537   \n",
      "38    87.18         12    4536.82     11750   \n",
      "39    93.88         21    1959.79      5076   \n",
      "40    99.21         50     191.83       497   \n",
      "41    78.25         18    2698.69      6990   \n",
      "42    58.75         13    4509.09     11678   \n",
      "43    73.90         16    2754.33      7134   \n",
      "44    95.84         46     399.71      1035   \n",
      "45    95.76         47     396.51      1027   \n",
      "46    84.31         27    1368.36      3544   \n",
      "47    87.35         38     701.06      1816   \n",
      "48    78.29         40     540.18      1399   \n",
      "49    66.92         43     511.07      1324   \n",
      "\n",
      "    WaterPer  \n",
      "0      14.24  \n",
      "1       2.74  \n",
      "2       4.84  \n",
      "3       1.02  \n",
      "4       0.24  \n",
      "5       0.35  \n",
      "6       0.72  \n",
      "7       0.43  \n",
      "8       2.43  \n",
      "9       0.74  \n",
      "10     41.54  \n",
      "11      8.41  \n",
      "12      3.21  \n",
      "13      1.11  \n",
      "14      0.63  \n",
      "15      0.68  \n",
      "16      1.69  \n",
      "17      6.79  \n",
      "18      2.40  \n",
      "19      1.87  \n",
      "20      1.39  \n",
      "21     18.45  \n",
      "22     17.31  \n",
      "23      3.22  \n",
      "24      4.13  \n",
      "25      0.74  \n",
      "26     13.62  \n",
      "27      9.66  \n",
      "28      2.15  \n",
      "29      3.39  \n",
      "30     17.52  \n",
      "31      3.11  \n",
      "32      2.85  \n",
      "33      8.85  \n",
      "34      7.68  \n",
      "35      2.16  \n",
      "36      2.28  \n",
      "37      1.63  \n",
      "38     12.82  \n",
      "39      6.12  \n",
      "40      0.79  \n",
      "41     21.75  \n",
      "42     41.25  \n",
      "43     26.10  \n",
      "44      4.16  \n",
      "45      4.24  \n",
      "46     15.69  \n",
      "47     12.65  \n",
      "48     21.71  \n",
      "49     33.08  \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#first 5 rows look fine\n",
    "print(area) #print full set"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "a774deec",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalRank</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalSqMi</th>\n",
       "      <th>TotalKmQ</th>\n",
       "      <th>LandRank</th>\n",
       "      <th>LandSqMi</th>\n",
       "      <th>LandKmQ</th>\n",
       "      <th>LandPer</th>\n",
       "      <th>WaterRank</th>\n",
       "      <th>WaterSqMi</th>\n",
       "      <th>WaterKmQ</th>\n",
       "      <th>WaterPer</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>State</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Alaska</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>665384.04</td>\n",
       "      <td>1723337</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>570640.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>1477953</td>\n",
       "      <td>85.76</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>94743.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>245384</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.24</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Texas</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>268596.46</td>\n",
       "      <td>695662</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>261231.71</td>\n",
       "      <td>676587</td>\n",
       "      <td>97.26</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>7364.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>19075</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.74</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>California</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>163694.74</td>\n",
       "      <td>423967</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>155779.22</td>\n",
       "      <td>403466</td>\n",
       "      <td>95.16</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>7915.52</td>\n",
       "      <td>20501</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.84</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Montana</th>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>147039.71</td>\n",
       "      <td>380831</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>145545.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>376962</td>\n",
       "      <td>98.98</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>1493.91</td>\n",
       "      <td>3869</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.02</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New Mexico</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>121590.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>314917</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>121298.15</td>\n",
       "      <td>314161</td>\n",
       "      <td>99.76</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>292.15</td>\n",
       "      <td>757</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.24</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Arizona</th>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>113990.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>295234</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>113594.08</td>\n",
       "      <td>294207</td>\n",
       "      <td>99.65</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>396.22</td>\n",
       "      <td>1026</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.35</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Nevada</th>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>110571.82</td>\n",
       "      <td>286380</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>109781.18</td>\n",
       "      <td>284332</td>\n",
       "      <td>99.28</td>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>790.65</td>\n",
       "      <td>2048</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.72</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Colorado</th>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>104093.67</td>\n",
       "      <td>269601</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>103641.89</td>\n",
       "      <td>268431</td>\n",
       "      <td>99.57</td>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>451.78</td>\n",
       "      <td>1170</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.43</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Oregon</th>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>98378.54</td>\n",
       "      <td>254799</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>95988.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>248608</td>\n",
       "      <td>97.57</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>2390.53</td>\n",
       "      <td>6191</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.43</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Wyoming</th>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>97813.01</td>\n",
       "      <td>253335</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>97093.14</td>\n",
       "      <td>251470</td>\n",
       "      <td>99.26</td>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "      <td>719.87</td>\n",
       "      <td>1864</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.74</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Michigan</th>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>96713.51</td>\n",
       "      <td>250487</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>56538.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>146435</td>\n",
       "      <td>58.46</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>40174.61</td>\n",
       "      <td>104052</td>\n",
       "      <td>41.54</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Minnesota</th>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>86935.83</td>\n",
       "      <td>225163</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>79626.74</td>\n",
       "      <td>206232</td>\n",
       "      <td>91.59</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>7309.09</td>\n",
       "      <td>18930</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.41</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Utah</th>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>84896.88</td>\n",
       "      <td>219882</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>82169.62</td>\n",
       "      <td>212818</td>\n",
       "      <td>96.79</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>2727.26</td>\n",
       "      <td>7064</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.21</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Idaho</th>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>83568.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>216443</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>82643.12</td>\n",
       "      <td>214045</td>\n",
       "      <td>98.89</td>\n",
       "      <td>33</td>\n",
       "      <td>925.83</td>\n",
       "      <td>2398</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Kansas</th>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>82278.36</td>\n",
       "      <td>213100</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>81758.72</td>\n",
       "      <td>211754</td>\n",
       "      <td>99.37</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>519.64</td>\n",
       "      <td>1346</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.63</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Nebraska</th>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>77347.81</td>\n",
       "      <td>200330</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>76824.17</td>\n",
       "      <td>198974</td>\n",
       "      <td>99.32</td>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>523.64</td>\n",
       "      <td>1356</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.68</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>South Dakota</th>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>77115.68</td>\n",
       "      <td>199729</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>75811.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>196350</td>\n",
       "      <td>98.31</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>1304.68</td>\n",
       "      <td>3379</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.69</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Washington</th>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>71297.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>184661</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>66455.52</td>\n",
       "      <td>172119</td>\n",
       "      <td>93.21</td>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>4842.43</td>\n",
       "      <td>12542</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.79</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>North Dakota</th>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>70698.32</td>\n",
       "      <td>183108</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>69000.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>178711</td>\n",
       "      <td>97.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>1697.52</td>\n",
       "      <td>4397</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.40</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Oklahoma</th>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>69898.87</td>\n",
       "      <td>181037</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>68594.92</td>\n",
       "      <td>177660</td>\n",
       "      <td>98.13</td>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>1303.95</td>\n",
       "      <td>3377</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.87</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Missouri</th>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>69706.99</td>\n",
       "      <td>180540</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>68741.52</td>\n",
       "      <td>178040</td>\n",
       "      <td>98.61</td>\n",
       "      <td>32</td>\n",
       "      <td>965.47</td>\n",
       "      <td>2501</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.39</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Florida</th>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>65757.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>170312</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>53624.76</td>\n",
       "      <td>138887</td>\n",
       "      <td>81.55</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>12132.94</td>\n",
       "      <td>31424</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.45</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Wisconsin</th>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>65496.38</td>\n",
       "      <td>169635</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>54157.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>140268</td>\n",
       "      <td>82.69</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>11338.57</td>\n",
       "      <td>29367</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.31</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Georgia</th>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>59425.15</td>\n",
       "      <td>153910</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>57513.49</td>\n",
       "      <td>148959</td>\n",
       "      <td>96.78</td>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>1911.66</td>\n",
       "      <td>4951</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.22</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Illinois</th>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>57913.55</td>\n",
       "      <td>149995</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>55518.93</td>\n",
       "      <td>143793</td>\n",
       "      <td>95.87</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>2394.62</td>\n",
       "      <td>6202</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.13</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Iowa</th>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>56272.81</td>\n",
       "      <td>145746</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>55857.13</td>\n",
       "      <td>144669</td>\n",
       "      <td>99.26</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>415.68</td>\n",
       "      <td>1077</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.74</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New York</th>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>54554.98</td>\n",
       "      <td>141297</td>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>47126.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>122057</td>\n",
       "      <td>86.38</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>7428.58</td>\n",
       "      <td>19240</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.62</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>North Carolina</th>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>53819.16</td>\n",
       "      <td>139391</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>48617.91</td>\n",
       "      <td>125920</td>\n",
       "      <td>90.34</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>5201.25</td>\n",
       "      <td>13471</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.66</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Arkansas</th>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>53178.55</td>\n",
       "      <td>137732</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>52035.48</td>\n",
       "      <td>134771</td>\n",
       "      <td>97.85</td>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "      <td>1143.07</td>\n",
       "      <td>2961</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.15</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Alabama</th>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>52420.07</td>\n",
       "      <td>135767</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>50645.33</td>\n",
       "      <td>131171</td>\n",
       "      <td>96.61</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>1774.74</td>\n",
       "      <td>4597</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.39</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Louisiana</th>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "      <td>52378.13</td>\n",
       "      <td>135659</td>\n",
       "      <td>33</td>\n",
       "      <td>43203.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>111898</td>\n",
       "      <td>82.48</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>9174.23</td>\n",
       "      <td>23761</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.52</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Mississippi</th>\n",
       "      <td>32</td>\n",
       "      <td>48431.78</td>\n",
       "      <td>125438</td>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "      <td>46923.27</td>\n",
       "      <td>121531</td>\n",
       "      <td>96.89</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>1508.51</td>\n",
       "      <td>3907</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.11</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Pennsylvania</th>\n",
       "      <td>33</td>\n",
       "      <td>46054.34</td>\n",
       "      <td>119280</td>\n",
       "      <td>32</td>\n",
       "      <td>44742.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>115883</td>\n",
       "      <td>97.15</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>1311.64</td>\n",
       "      <td>3397</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.85</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Ohio</th>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>44825.58</td>\n",
       "      <td>116098</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>40860.69</td>\n",
       "      <td>105829</td>\n",
       "      <td>91.15</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>3964.89</td>\n",
       "      <td>10269</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.85</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Virginia</th>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>42774.93</td>\n",
       "      <td>110787</td>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>39490.09</td>\n",
       "      <td>102279</td>\n",
       "      <td>92.32</td>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>3284.84</td>\n",
       "      <td>8508</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.68</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Tennessee</th>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>42144.25</td>\n",
       "      <td>109153</td>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>41234.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>106798</td>\n",
       "      <td>97.84</td>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>909.36</td>\n",
       "      <td>2355</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.16</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Kentucky</th>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "      <td>40407.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>104656</td>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "      <td>39486.34</td>\n",
       "      <td>102269</td>\n",
       "      <td>97.72</td>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>921.46</td>\n",
       "      <td>2387</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.28</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Indiana</th>\n",
       "      <td>38</td>\n",
       "      <td>36419.55</td>\n",
       "      <td>94326</td>\n",
       "      <td>38</td>\n",
       "      <td>35826.11</td>\n",
       "      <td>92789</td>\n",
       "      <td>98.37</td>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "      <td>593.44</td>\n",
       "      <td>1537</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.63</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Maine</th>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "      <td>35379.74</td>\n",
       "      <td>91633</td>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "      <td>30842.92</td>\n",
       "      <td>79883</td>\n",
       "      <td>87.18</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>4536.82</td>\n",
       "      <td>11750</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.82</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>South Carolina</th>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>32020.49</td>\n",
       "      <td>82933</td>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>30060.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>77857</td>\n",
       "      <td>93.88</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>1959.79</td>\n",
       "      <td>5076</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.12</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>West Virginia</th>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>24230.04</td>\n",
       "      <td>62756</td>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>24038.21</td>\n",
       "      <td>62259</td>\n",
       "      <td>99.21</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>191.83</td>\n",
       "      <td>497</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.79</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Maryland</th>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>12405.93</td>\n",
       "      <td>32131</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>9707.24</td>\n",
       "      <td>25142</td>\n",
       "      <td>78.25</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>2698.69</td>\n",
       "      <td>6990</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.75</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Hawaii</th>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>10931.72</td>\n",
       "      <td>28313</td>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>6422.63</td>\n",
       "      <td>16635</td>\n",
       "      <td>58.75</td>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>4509.09</td>\n",
       "      <td>11678</td>\n",
       "      <td>41.25</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Massachusetts</th>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>10554.39</td>\n",
       "      <td>27336</td>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>7800.06</td>\n",
       "      <td>20202</td>\n",
       "      <td>73.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>2754.33</td>\n",
       "      <td>7134</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.10</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Vermont</th>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>9616.36</td>\n",
       "      <td>24906</td>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>9216.66</td>\n",
       "      <td>23871</td>\n",
       "      <td>95.84</td>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>399.71</td>\n",
       "      <td>1035</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.16</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New Hampshire</th>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>9349.16</td>\n",
       "      <td>24214</td>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>8952.65</td>\n",
       "      <td>23187</td>\n",
       "      <td>95.76</td>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>396.51</td>\n",
       "      <td>1027</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.24</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New Jersey</th>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>8722.58</td>\n",
       "      <td>22591</td>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>7354.22</td>\n",
       "      <td>19047</td>\n",
       "      <td>84.31</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>1368.36</td>\n",
       "      <td>3544</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.69</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Connecticut</th>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>5543.41</td>\n",
       "      <td>14357</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>4842.36</td>\n",
       "      <td>12542</td>\n",
       "      <td>87.35</td>\n",
       "      <td>38</td>\n",
       "      <td>701.06</td>\n",
       "      <td>1816</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.65</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Delaware</th>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>2488.72</td>\n",
       "      <td>6446</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>1948.54</td>\n",
       "      <td>5047</td>\n",
       "      <td>78.29</td>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>540.18</td>\n",
       "      <td>1399</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.71</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Rhode Island</th>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>1544.89</td>\n",
       "      <td>4001</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>1033.81</td>\n",
       "      <td>2678</td>\n",
       "      <td>66.92</td>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>511.07</td>\n",
       "      <td>1324</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.08</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                TotalRank  TotalSqMi  TotalKmQ  \\\n",
       "State                                            \n",
       "Alaska                  1  665384.04   1723337   \n",
       "Texas                   2  268596.46    695662   \n",
       "California              3  163694.74    423967   \n",
       "Montana                 4  147039.71    380831   \n",
       "New Mexico              5  121590.30    314917   \n",
       "Arizona                 6  113990.30    295234   \n",
       "Nevada                  7  110571.82    286380   \n",
       "Colorado                8  104093.67    269601   \n",
       "Oregon                  9   98378.54    254799   \n",
       "Wyoming                10   97813.01    253335   \n",
       "Michigan               11   96713.51    250487   \n",
       "Minnesota              12   86935.83    225163   \n",
       "Utah                   13   84896.88    219882   \n",
       "Idaho                  14   83568.95    216443   \n",
       "Kansas                 15   82278.36    213100   \n",
       "Nebraska               16   77347.81    200330   \n",
       "South Dakota           17   77115.68    199729   \n",
       "Washington             18   71297.95    184661   \n",
       "North Dakota           19   70698.32    183108   \n",
       "Oklahoma               20   69898.87    181037   \n",
       "Missouri               21   69706.99    180540   \n",
       "Florida                22   65757.70    170312   \n",
       "Wisconsin              23   65496.38    169635   \n",
       "Georgia                24   59425.15    153910   \n",
       "Illinois               25   57913.55    149995   \n",
       "Iowa                   26   56272.81    145746   \n",
       "New York               27   54554.98    141297   \n",
       "North Carolina         28   53819.16    139391   \n",
       "Arkansas               29   53178.55    137732   \n",
       "Alabama                30   52420.07    135767   \n",
       "Louisiana              31   52378.13    135659   \n",
       "Mississippi            32   48431.78    125438   \n",
       "Pennsylvania           33   46054.34    119280   \n",
       "Ohio                   34   44825.58    116098   \n",
       "Virginia               35   42774.93    110787   \n",
       "Tennessee              36   42144.25    109153   \n",
       "Kentucky               37   40407.80    104656   \n",
       "Indiana                38   36419.55     94326   \n",
       "Maine                  39   35379.74     91633   \n",
       "South Carolina         40   32020.49     82933   \n",
       "West Virginia          41   24230.04     62756   \n",
       "Maryland               42   12405.93     32131   \n",
       "Hawaii                 43   10931.72     28313   \n",
       "Massachusetts          44   10554.39     27336   \n",
       "Vermont                45    9616.36     24906   \n",
       "New Hampshire          46    9349.16     24214   \n",
       "New Jersey             47    8722.58     22591   \n",
       "Connecticut            48    5543.41     14357   \n",
       "Delaware               49    2488.72      6446   \n",
       "Rhode Island           50    1544.89      4001   \n",
       "\n",
       "                LandRank   LandSqMi  LandKmQ  \\\n",
       "State                                          \n",
       "Alaska                 1  570640.95  1477953   \n",
       "Texas                  2  261231.71   676587   \n",
       "California             3  155779.22   403466   \n",
       "Montana                4  145545.80   376962   \n",
       "New Mexico             5  121298.15   314161   \n",
       "Arizona                6  113594.08   294207   \n",
       "Nevada                 7  109781.18   284332   \n",
       "Colorado               8  103641.89   268431   \n",
       "Oregon                10   95988.01   248608   \n",
       "Wyoming                9   97093.14   251470   \n",
       "Michigan              22   56538.90   146435   \n",
       "Minnesota             14   79626.74   206232   \n",
       "Utah                  12   82169.62   212818   \n",
       "Idaho                 11   82643.12   214045   \n",
       "Kansas                13   81758.72   211754   \n",
       "Nebraska              15   76824.17   198974   \n",
       "South Dakota          16   75811.00   196350   \n",
       "Washington            20   66455.52   172119   \n",
       "North Dakota          17   69000.80   178711   \n",
       "Oklahoma              19   68594.92   177660   \n",
       "Missouri              18   68741.52   178040   \n",
       "Florida               26   53624.76   138887   \n",
       "Wisconsin             25   54157.80   140268   \n",
       "Georgia               21   57513.49   148959   \n",
       "Illinois              24   55518.93   143793   \n",
       "Iowa                  23   55857.13   144669   \n",
       "New York              30   47126.40   122057   \n",
       "North Carolina        29   48617.91   125920   \n",
       "Arkansas              27   52035.48   134771   \n",
       "Alabama               28   50645.33   131171   \n",
       "Louisiana             33   43203.90   111898   \n",
       "Mississippi           31   46923.27   121531   \n",
       "Pennsylvania          32   44742.70   115883   \n",
       "Ohio                  35   40860.69   105829   \n",
       "Virginia              36   39490.09   102279   \n",
       "Tennessee             34   41234.90   106798   \n",
       "Kentucky              37   39486.34   102269   \n",
       "Indiana               38   35826.11    92789   \n",
       "Maine                 39   30842.92    79883   \n",
       "South Carolina        40   30060.70    77857   \n",
       "West Virginia         41   24038.21    62259   \n",
       "Maryland              42    9707.24    25142   \n",
       "Hawaii                47    6422.63    16635   \n",
       "Massachusetts         45    7800.06    20202   \n",
       "Vermont               43    9216.66    23871   \n",
       "New Hampshire         44    8952.65    23187   \n",
       "New Jersey            46    7354.22    19047   \n",
       "Connecticut           48    4842.36    12542   \n",
       "Delaware              49    1948.54     5047   \n",
       "Rhode Island          50    1033.81     2678   \n",
       "\n",
       "                LandPer  WaterRank  WaterSqMi  \\\n",
       "State                                           \n",
       "Alaska            85.76          1   94743.10   \n",
       "Texas             97.26          8    7364.75   \n",
       "California        95.16          6    7915.52   \n",
       "Montana           98.98         26    1493.91   \n",
       "New Mexico        99.76         49     292.15   \n",
       "Arizona           99.65         48     396.22   \n",
       "Nevada            99.28         36     790.65   \n",
       "Colorado          99.57         44     451.78   \n",
       "Oregon            97.57         20    2390.53   \n",
       "Wyoming           99.26         37     719.87   \n",
       "Michigan          58.46          2   40174.61   \n",
       "Minnesota         91.59          9    7309.09   \n",
       "Utah              96.79         17    2727.26   \n",
       "Idaho             98.89         33     925.83   \n",
       "Kansas            99.37         42     519.64   \n",
       "Nebraska          99.32         41     523.64   \n",
       "South Dakota      98.31         29    1304.68   \n",
       "Washington        93.21         11    4842.43   \n",
       "North Dakota      97.60         24    1697.52   \n",
       "Oklahoma          98.13         30    1303.95   \n",
       "Missouri          98.61         32     965.47   \n",
       "Florida           81.55          3   12132.94   \n",
       "Wisconsin         82.69          4   11338.57   \n",
       "Georgia           96.78         22    1911.66   \n",
       "Illinois          95.87         19    2394.62   \n",
       "Iowa              99.26         45     415.68   \n",
       "New York          86.38          7    7428.58   \n",
       "North Carolina    90.34         10    5201.25   \n",
       "Arkansas          97.85         31    1143.07   \n",
       "Alabama           96.61         23    1774.74   \n",
       "Louisiana         82.48          5    9174.23   \n",
       "Mississippi       96.89         25    1508.51   \n",
       "Pennsylvania      97.15         28    1311.64   \n",
       "Ohio              91.15         14    3964.89   \n",
       "Virginia          92.32         15    3284.84   \n",
       "Tennessee         97.84         35     909.36   \n",
       "Kentucky          97.72         34     921.46   \n",
       "Indiana           98.37         39     593.44   \n",
       "Maine             87.18         12    4536.82   \n",
       "South Carolina    93.88         21    1959.79   \n",
       "West Virginia     99.21         50     191.83   \n",
       "Maryland          78.25         18    2698.69   \n",
       "Hawaii            58.75         13    4509.09   \n",
       "Massachusetts     73.90         16    2754.33   \n",
       "Vermont           95.84         46     399.71   \n",
       "New Hampshire     95.76         47     396.51   \n",
       "New Jersey        84.31         27    1368.36   \n",
       "Connecticut       87.35         38     701.06   \n",
       "Delaware          78.29         40     540.18   \n",
       "Rhode Island      66.92         43     511.07   \n",
       "\n",
       "                WaterKmQ  WaterPer  \n",
       "State                               \n",
       "Alaska            245384     14.24  \n",
       "Texas              19075      2.74  \n",
       "California         20501      4.84  \n",
       "Montana             3869      1.02  \n",
       "New Mexico           757      0.24  \n",
       "Arizona             1026      0.35  \n",
       "Nevada              2048      0.72  \n",
       "Colorado            1170      0.43  \n",
       "Oregon              6191      2.43  \n",
       "Wyoming             1864      0.74  \n",
       "Michigan          104052     41.54  \n",
       "Minnesota          18930      8.41  \n",
       "Utah                7064      3.21  \n",
       "Idaho               2398      1.11  \n",
       "Kansas              1346      0.63  \n",
       "Nebraska            1356      0.68  \n",
       "South Dakota        3379      1.69  \n",
       "Washington         12542      6.79  \n",
       "North Dakota        4397      2.40  \n",
       "Oklahoma            3377      1.87  \n",
       "Missouri            2501      1.39  \n",
       "Florida            31424     18.45  \n",
       "Wisconsin          29367     17.31  \n",
       "Georgia             4951      3.22  \n",
       "Illinois            6202      4.13  \n",
       "Iowa                1077      0.74  \n",
       "New York           19240     13.62  \n",
       "North Carolina     13471      9.66  \n",
       "Arkansas            2961      2.15  \n",
       "Alabama             4597      3.39  \n",
       "Louisiana          23761     17.52  \n",
       "Mississippi         3907      3.11  \n",
       "Pennsylvania        3397      2.85  \n",
       "Ohio               10269      8.85  \n",
       "Virginia            8508      7.68  \n",
       "Tennessee           2355      2.16  \n",
       "Kentucky            2387      2.28  \n",
       "Indiana             1537      1.63  \n",
       "Maine              11750     12.82  \n",
       "South Carolina      5076      6.12  \n",
       "West Virginia        497      0.79  \n",
       "Maryland            6990     21.75  \n",
       "Hawaii             11678     41.25  \n",
       "Massachusetts       7134     26.10  \n",
       "Vermont             1035      4.16  \n",
       "New Hampshire       1027      4.24  \n",
       "New Jersey          3544     15.69  \n",
       "Connecticut         1816     12.65  \n",
       "Delaware            1399     21.71  \n",
       "Rhode Island        1324     33.08  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#full set looks fine as well. 50 data points\n",
    "area.set_index('State')   #setting \"State\" as index  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "1de0cb29",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>\n",
      "RangeIndex: 62 entries, 0 to 61\n",
      "Data columns (total 9 columns):\n",
      " #   Column                                                            Non-Null Count  Dtype  \n",
      "---  ------                                                            --------------  -----  \n",
      " 0   State                                                             59 non-null     object \n",
      " 1   Population\n",
      "(total inhabitants) \n",
      "(2015) [2]                        51 non-null     object \n",
      " 2   Murders and\n",
      "Nonnegligent\n",
      "Manslaughter\n",
      "(total deaths) \n",
      "(2015) [1]  51 non-null     object \n",
      " 3   Murders\n",
      "(total deaths) \n",
      "(2015) [3]                                51 non-null     object \n",
      " 4   Gun Murders\n",
      "(total deaths) \n",
      "(2015) [3]                            51 non-null     object \n",
      " 5   Gun\n",
      "Ownership\n",
      "(%) \n",
      "(2013) [4]                                     51 non-null     float64\n",
      " 6   Murder and\n",
      "Nonnegligent\n",
      "Manslaughter\n",
      "Rate\n",
      "(per 100,000) \n",
      "(2015)   51 non-null     float64\n",
      " 7   Murder Rate\n",
      "(per 100,000) \n",
      "(2015)                                 51 non-null     object \n",
      " 8   Gun\n",
      "Murder Rate\n",
      "(per 100,000) \n",
      "(2015)                             51 non-null     object \n",
      "dtypes: float64(2), object(7)\n",
      "memory usage: 4.5+ KB\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "crime.info()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "78f7bd5b",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "62"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "len(crime) #62 data points should be 50"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "25c79e33-afed-4b22-a16f-be8eae8b9384",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>State</th>\n",
       "      <th>Population\\n(total inhabitants) \\n(2015) [2]</th>\n",
       "      <th>Murders and\\nNonnegligent\\nManslaughter\\n(total deaths) \\n(2015) [1]</th>\n",
       "      <th>Murders\\n(total deaths) \\n(2015) [3]</th>\n",
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       "      <th>Gun\\nOwnership\\n(%) \\n(2013) [4]</th>\n",
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       "      <th>Murder Rate\\n(per 100,000) \\n(2015)</th>\n",
       "      <th>Gun\\nMurder Rate\\n(per 100,000) \\n(2015)</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
       "      <td>4,853,875</td>\n",
       "      <td>348</td>\n",
       "      <td>—[a]</td>\n",
       "      <td>—[a]</td>\n",
       "      <td>48.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>— [a]</td>\n",
       "      <td>— [a]</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
       "      <td>737,709</td>\n",
       "      <td>59</td>\n",
       "      <td>57</td>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "      <td>61.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Arizona</td>\n",
       "      <td>6,817,565</td>\n",
       "      <td>306</td>\n",
       "      <td>278</td>\n",
       "      <td>171</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Arkansas</td>\n",
       "      <td>2,977,853</td>\n",
       "      <td>181</td>\n",
       "      <td>164</td>\n",
       "      <td>110</td>\n",
       "      <td>57.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>38,993,940</td>\n",
       "      <td>1,861</td>\n",
       "      <td>1,861</td>\n",
       "      <td>1,275</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        State  \\\n",
       "0     Alabama   \n",
       "1      Alaska   \n",
       "2     Arizona   \n",
       "3    Arkansas   \n",
       "4  California   \n",
       "\n",
       "  Population\\n(total inhabitants) \\n(2015) [2]  \\\n",
       "0                                    4,853,875   \n",
       "1                                      737,709   \n",
       "2                                    6,817,565   \n",
       "3                                    2,977,853   \n",
       "4                                   38,993,940   \n",
       "\n",
       "  Murders and\\nNonnegligent\\nManslaughter\\n(total deaths) \\n(2015) [1]  \\\n",
       "0                                                348                     \n",
       "1                                                 59                     \n",
       "2                                                306                     \n",
       "3                                                181                     \n",
       "4                                              1,861                     \n",
       "\n",
       "  Murders\\n(total deaths) \\n(2015) [3]  \\\n",
       "0                                 —[a]   \n",
       "1                                   57   \n",
       "2                                  278   \n",
       "3                                  164   \n",
       "4                                1,861   \n",
       "\n",
       "  Gun Murders\\n(total deaths) \\n(2015) [3]  \\\n",
       "0                                     —[a]   \n",
       "1                                       39   \n",
       "2                                      171   \n",
       "3                                      110   \n",
       "4                                    1,275   \n",
       "\n",
       "   Gun\\nOwnership\\n(%) \\n(2013) [4]  \\\n",
       "0                              48.9   \n",
       "1                              61.7   \n",
       "2                              32.3   \n",
       "3                              57.9   \n",
       "4                              20.1   \n",
       "\n",
       "   Murder and\\nNonnegligent\\nManslaughter\\nRate\\n(per 100,000) \\n(2015)  \\\n",
       "0                                                7.2                      \n",
       "1                                                8.0                      \n",
       "2                                                4.5                      \n",
       "3                                                6.1                      \n",
       "4                                                4.8                      \n",
       "\n",
       "  Murder Rate\\n(per 100,000) \\n(2015)  \\\n",
       "0                               — [a]   \n",
       "1                                 7.7   \n",
       "2                                 4.1   \n",
       "3                                 5.5   \n",
       "4                                 4.8   \n",
       "\n",
       "  Gun\\nMurder Rate\\n(per 100,000) \\n(2015)  \n",
       "0                                    — [a]  \n",
       "1                                      5.3  \n",
       "2                                      2.5  \n",
       "3                                      3.7  \n",
       "4                                      3.3  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "crime.head() #first 5 rows"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "6958b7e9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#renaming column names\n",
    "crime =crime.set_axis(['State','PopTot2012', 'MurderNMTot2015', 'MurderTot2015', 'GunMurderTot2015', 'GunOwnPer2013', 'MurderNMRate_per_100k_2015', 'MurderRate_per_100k_2015', 'GunMurderRate_per_100k_2015'], axis=1) #change the column names\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "295e3da9-fa37-4285-b128-59c152c1361d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "                   State     PopTot2012  \\\n",
      "0                Alabama      4,853,875   \n",
      "1                 Alaska        737,709   \n",
      "2                Arizona      6,817,565   \n",
      "3               Arkansas      2,977,853   \n",
      "4             California     38,993,940   \n",
      "5               Colorado      5,448,819   \n",
      "6            Connecticut      3,584,730   \n",
      "7               Delaware        944,076   \n",
      "8   District of Columbia        670,377   \n",
      "9                Florida     20,244,914   \n",
      "10               Georgia     10,199,398   \n",
      "11                Hawaii      1,425,157   \n",
      "12                 Idaho      1,652,828   \n",
      "13              Illinois  12,859,995[5]   \n",
      "14               Indiana      6,612,768   \n",
      "15                  Iowa      3,121,997   \n",
      "16                Kansas      2,906,721   \n",
      "17              Kentucky      4,424,611   \n",
      "18             Louisiana      4,668,960   \n",
      "19                 Maine      1,329,453   \n",
      "20              Maryland      5,994,983   \n",
      "21         Massachusetts      6,784,240   \n",
      "22              Michigan      9,917,715   \n",
      "23             Minnesota      5,482,435   \n",
      "24           Mississippi      2,989,390   \n",
      "25              Missouri      6,076,204   \n",
      "26               Montana      1,032,073   \n",
      "27              Nebraska      1,893,765   \n",
      "28                Nevada      2,883,758   \n",
      "29         New Hampshire      1,330,111   \n",
      "30            New Jersey      8,935,421   \n",
      "31            New Mexico      2,080,328   \n",
      "32              New York     19,747,183   \n",
      "33        North Carolina     10,035,186   \n",
      "34          North Dakota        756,835   \n",
      "35                  Ohio     11,605,090   \n",
      "36              Oklahoma      3,907,414   \n",
      "37                Oregon      4,024,634   \n",
      "38          Pennsylvania     12,791,904   \n",
      "39          Rhode Island      1,055,607   \n",
      "40        South Carolina      4,894,834   \n",
      "41          South Dakota        857,919   \n",
      "42             Tennessee      6,595,056   \n",
      "43                 Texas     27,429,639   \n",
      "44                  Utah      2,990,632   \n",
      "45               Vermont        626,088   \n",
      "46              Virginia      8,367,587   \n",
      "47            Washington      7,160,290   \n",
      "48         West Virginia      1,841,053   \n",
      "49             Wisconsin      5,767,891   \n",
      "50               Wyoming        586,107   \n",
      "51                    \\t            NaN   \n",
      "52                    ^             NaN   \n",
      "53          Jump up to:             NaN   \n",
      "54                      ",
      "            NaN   \n",
      "55                     a            NaN   \n",
      "56                   NaN            NaN   \n",
      "57                     b            NaN   \n",
      "58                   NaN            NaN   \n",
      "59                     c            NaN   \n",
      "60                   NaN            NaN   \n",
      "61                     d            NaN   \n",
      "\n",
      "   MurderNMTot2015 MurderTot2015  \\\n",
      "0              348          —[a]   \n",
      "1               59            57   \n",
      "2              306           278   \n",
      "3              181           164   \n",
      "4            1,861         1,861   \n",
      "5              176           176   \n",
      "6              117           107   \n",
      "7               63            63   \n",
      "8              162           162   \n",
      "9            1,041         — [b]   \n",
      "10             615           565   \n",
      "11              19            19   \n",
      "12              32            30   \n",
      "13             744           497   \n",
      "14             373           272   \n",
      "15              72            72   \n",
      "16             128           125   \n",
      "17             209           209   \n",
      "18             481           474   \n",
      "19              23            23   \n",
      "20             516           372   \n",
      "21             128           126   \n",
      "22             571           571   \n",
      "23             133           133   \n",
      "24             259           159   \n",
      "25             502           499   \n",
      "26              36            36   \n",
      "27              62            61   \n",
      "28             178           177   \n",
      "29              14            14   \n",
      "30             363           353   \n",
      "31             117            94   \n",
      "32             609           611   \n",
      "33             517           506   \n",
      "34              21            17   \n",
      "35             500           480   \n",
      "36             234           233   \n",
      "37              99            71   \n",
      "38             658           651   \n",
      "39              29            27   \n",
      "40             399           394   \n",
      "41              32            27   \n",
      "42             406           402   \n",
      "43           1,316         1,276   \n",
      "44              54            54   \n",
      "45              10            10   \n",
      "46             383           383   \n",
      "47             211           209   \n",
      "48              70            57   \n",
      "49             240           238   \n",
      "50              16            16   \n",
      "51             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "52             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "53             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "54             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "55             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "56             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "57             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "58             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "59             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "60             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "61             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "\n",
      "   GunMurderTot2015  GunOwnPer2013  \\\n",
      "0              —[a]           48.9   \n",
      "1                39           61.7   \n",
      "2               171           32.3   \n",
      "3               110           57.9   \n",
      "4             1,275           20.1   \n",
      "5               115           34.3   \n",
      "6                73           16.6   \n",
      "7                52            5.2   \n",
      "8               121           25.9   \n",
      "9             — [b]           32.5   \n",
      "10              464           31.6   \n",
      "11                4           45.1   \n",
      "12               24           56.9   \n",
      "13              440           26.2   \n",
      "14              209           33.8   \n",
      "15               49           33.8   \n",
      "16               91           32.2   \n",
      "17              141           42.4   \n",
      "18              379           44.5   \n",
      "19               16           22.6   \n",
      "20              279           20.7   \n",
      "21               81           22.6   \n",
      "22              389           28.8   \n",
      "23               79           36.7   \n",
      "24              126           42.8   \n",
      "25              418           27.1   \n",
      "26               18           52.3   \n",
      "27               43           19.8   \n",
      "28              113           37.5   \n",
      "29                8           14.4   \n",
      "30              255           11.3   \n",
      "31               56           49.9   \n",
      "32              383           10.3   \n",
      "33              353           28.7   \n",
      "34                9           47.9   \n",
      "35              316           19.6   \n",
      "36              149           31.2   \n",
      "37               34           26.6   \n",
      "38              497           27.1   \n",
      "39               10            5.8   \n",
      "40              312           44.4   \n",
      "41               12           35.0   \n",
      "42              297           39.4   \n",
      "43              906           35.7   \n",
      "44               34           31.9   \n",
      "45                8           28.8   \n",
      "46              275           29.3   \n",
      "47              141           27.7   \n",
      "48               30           54.2   \n",
      "49              170           34.7   \n",
      "50               10           53.8   \n",
      "51              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "52              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "53              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "54              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "55              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "56              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "57              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "58              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "59              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "60              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "61              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "\n",
      "    MurderNMRate_per_100k_2015  \\\n",
      "0                         7.20   \n",
      "1                         8.00   \n",
      "2                         4.50   \n",
      "3                         6.10   \n",
      "4                         4.80   \n",
      "5                         3.20   \n",
      "6                         3.30   \n",
      "7                         6.70   \n",
      "8                        24.20   \n",
      "9                         5.10   \n",
      "10                        6.00   \n",
      "11                        1.30   \n",
      "12                        1.90   \n",
      "13                        5.80   \n",
      "14                        5.60   \n",
      "15                        2.30   \n",
      "16                        4.40   \n",
      "17                        4.70   \n",
      "18                       10.30   \n",
      "19                        1.70   \n",
      "20                        8.60   \n",
      "21                        1.90   \n",
      "22                        5.80   \n",
      "23                        2.40   \n",
      "24                        8.70   \n",
      "25                        8.30   \n",
      "26                        3.50   \n",
      "27                        3.30   \n",
      "28                        6.20   \n",
      "29                        1.10   \n",
      "30                        4.10   \n",
      "31                        5.60   \n",
      "32                        3.10   \n",
      "33                        5.20   \n",
      "34                        2.80   \n",
      "35                        4.30   \n",
      "36                        6.00   \n",
      "37                        2.50   \n",
      "38                        5.10   \n",
      "39                        2.70   \n",
      "40                        8.20   \n",
      "41                        3.70   \n",
      "42                        6.20   \n",
      "43                        4.80   \n",
      "44                        1.80   \n",
      "45                        1.60   \n",
      "46                        4.60   \n",
      "47                        2.90   \n",
      "48                        3.80   \n",
      "49                        4.20   \n",
      "50                        2.56   \n",
      "51                         NaN   \n",
      "52                         NaN   \n",
      "53                         NaN   \n",
      "54                         NaN   \n",
      "55                         NaN   \n",
      "56                         NaN   \n",
      "57                         NaN   \n",
      "58                         NaN   \n",
      "59                         NaN   \n",
      "60                         NaN   \n",
      "61                         NaN   \n",
      "\n",
      "   MurderRate_per_100k_2015  \\\n",
      "0                     — [a]   \n",
      "1                       7.7   \n",
      "2                       4.1   \n",
      "3                       5.5   \n",
      "4                       4.8   \n",
      "5                       3.2   \n",
      "6                       3.0   \n",
      "7                       6.7   \n",
      "8                      24.2   \n",
      "9                     — [b]   \n",
      "10                      5.5   \n",
      "11                      1.3   \n",
      "12                      1.8   \n",
      "13                      3.9   \n",
      "14                      4.1   \n",
      "15                      2.3   \n",
      "16                      4.3   \n",
      "17                      4.7   \n",
      "18                     10.2   \n",
      "19                      1.7   \n",
      "20                      6.2   \n",
      "21                      1.9   \n",
      "22                      5.8   \n",
      "23                      2.4   \n",
      "24                      5.3   \n",
      "25                      8.2   \n",
      "26                      3.5   \n",
      "27                      3.2   \n",
      "28                      6.1   \n",
      "29                      1.1   \n",
      "30                      4.0   \n",
      "31                      4.5   \n",
      "32                      3.1   \n",
      "33                      5.0   \n",
      "34                      2.2   \n",
      "35                      4.1   \n",
      "36                      6.0   \n",
      "37                      1.8   \n",
      "38                      5.1   \n",
      "39                      2.6   \n",
      "40                      8.0   \n",
      "41                      3.1   \n",
      "42                      6.1   \n",
      "43                      4.7   \n",
      "44                      1.8   \n",
      "45                      1.6   \n",
      "46                      4.6   \n",
      "47                      2.9   \n",
      "48                      3.1   \n",
      "49                      4.1   \n",
      "50                      2.7   \n",
      "51                      NaN   \n",
      "52                      NaN   \n",
      "53                      NaN   \n",
      "54                      NaN   \n",
      "55                      NaN   \n",
      "56                      NaN   \n",
      "57                      NaN   \n",
      "58                      NaN   \n",
      "59                      NaN   \n",
      "60                      NaN   \n",
      "61                      NaN   \n",
      "\n",
      "   GunMurderRate_per_100k_2015  \n",
      "0                        — [a]  \n",
      "1                          5.3  \n",
      "2                          2.5  \n",
      "3                          3.7  \n",
      "4                          3.3  \n",
      "5                          2.1  \n",
      "6                          2.0  \n",
      "7                          5.5  \n",
      "8                         18.0  \n",
      "9                        — [b]  \n",
      "10                         4.5  \n",
      "11                         0.3  \n",
      "12                         1.5  \n",
      "13                         3.4  \n",
      "14                         3.2  \n",
      "15                         1.6  \n",
      "16                         3.1  \n",
      "17                         3.2  \n",
      "18                         8.1  \n",
      "19                         1.2  \n",
      "20                         4.7  \n",
      "21                         1.2  \n",
      "22                         3.9  \n",
      "23                         1.4  \n",
      "24                         4.2  \n",
      "25                         6.9  \n",
      "26                         1.7  \n",
      "27                         2.3  \n",
      "28                         3.9  \n",
      "29                         0.6  \n",
      "30                         2.9  \n",
      "31                         2.7  \n",
      "32                         1.9  \n",
      "33                         3.5  \n",
      "34                         1.2  \n",
      "35                         2.7  \n",
      "36                         3.8  \n",
      "37                         0.8  \n",
      "38                         3.9  \n",
      "39                         0.9  \n",
      "40                         6.4  \n",
      "41                         1.4  \n",
      "42                         4.5  \n",
      "43                         3.3  \n",
      "44                         1.1  \n",
      "45                         1.3  \n",
      "46                         3.3  \n",
      "47                         2.0  \n",
      "48                         1.6  \n",
      "49                         2.9  \n",
      "50                         1.7  \n",
      "51                         NaN  \n",
      "52                         NaN  \n",
      "53                         NaN  \n",
      "54                         NaN  \n",
      "55                         NaN  \n",
      "56                         NaN  \n",
      "57                         NaN  \n",
      "58                         NaN  \n",
      "59                         NaN  \n",
      "60                         NaN  \n",
      "61                         NaN  \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#the dataset contain non numeric values like \"—[a]\" and must be cleaned\n",
    "print(crime) #print the full set"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "e523b367-83b5-4933-ad91-243557258aac",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "                   State   PopTot2012  \\\n",
      "0                Alabama      4853875   \n",
      "1                 Alaska       737709   \n",
      "2                Arizona      6817565   \n",
      "3               Arkansas      2977853   \n",
      "4             California     38993940   \n",
      "5               Colorado      5448819   \n",
      "6            Connecticut      3584730   \n",
      "7               Delaware       944076   \n",
      "8   District of Columbia       670377   \n",
      "9                Florida     20244914   \n",
      "10               Georgia     10199398   \n",
      "11                Hawaii      1425157   \n",
      "12                 Idaho      1652828   \n",
      "13              Illinois  12859995[5]   \n",
      "14               Indiana      6612768   \n",
      "15                  Iowa      3121997   \n",
      "16                Kansas      2906721   \n",
      "17              Kentucky      4424611   \n",
      "18             Louisiana      4668960   \n",
      "19                 Maine      1329453   \n",
      "20              Maryland      5994983   \n",
      "21         Massachusetts      6784240   \n",
      "22              Michigan      9917715   \n",
      "23             Minnesota      5482435   \n",
      "24           Mississippi      2989390   \n",
      "25              Missouri      6076204   \n",
      "26               Montana      1032073   \n",
      "27              Nebraska      1893765   \n",
      "28                Nevada      2883758   \n",
      "29         New Hampshire      1330111   \n",
      "30            New Jersey      8935421   \n",
      "31            New Mexico      2080328   \n",
      "32              New York     19747183   \n",
      "33        North Carolina     10035186   \n",
      "34          North Dakota       756835   \n",
      "35                  Ohio     11605090   \n",
      "36              Oklahoma      3907414   \n",
      "37                Oregon      4024634   \n",
      "38          Pennsylvania     12791904   \n",
      "39          Rhode Island      1055607   \n",
      "40        South Carolina      4894834   \n",
      "41          South Dakota       857919   \n",
      "42             Tennessee      6595056   \n",
      "43                 Texas     27429639   \n",
      "44                  Utah      2990632   \n",
      "45               Vermont       626088   \n",
      "46              Virginia      8367587   \n",
      "47            Washington      7160290   \n",
      "48         West Virginia      1841053   \n",
      "49             Wisconsin      5767891   \n",
      "50               Wyoming       586107   \n",
      "51                    \\t          NaN   \n",
      "52                    ^           NaN   \n",
      "53          Jump up to:           NaN   \n",
      "54                      ",
      "          NaN   \n",
      "55                     a          NaN   \n",
      "56                   NaN          NaN   \n",
      "57                     b          NaN   \n",
      "58                   NaN          NaN   \n",
      "59                     c          NaN   \n",
      "60                   NaN          NaN   \n",
      "61                     d          NaN   \n",
      "\n",
      "   MurderNMTot2015 MurderTot2015  \\\n",
      "0              348           NaN   \n",
      "1               59            57   \n",
      "2              306           278   \n",
      "3              181           164   \n",
      "4             1861          1861   \n",
      "5              176           176   \n",
      "6              117           107   \n",
      "7               63            63   \n",
      "8              162           162   \n",
      "9             1041           NaN   \n",
      "10             615           565   \n",
      "11              19            19   \n",
      "12              32            30   \n",
      "13             744           497   \n",
      "14             373           272   \n",
      "15              72            72   \n",
      "16             128           125   \n",
      "17             209           209   \n",
      "18             481           474   \n",
      "19              23            23   \n",
      "20             516           372   \n",
      "21             128           126   \n",
      "22             571           571   \n",
      "23             133           133   \n",
      "24             259           159   \n",
      "25             502           499   \n",
      "26              36            36   \n",
      "27              62            61   \n",
      "28             178           177   \n",
      "29              14            14   \n",
      "30             363           353   \n",
      "31             117            94   \n",
      "32             609           611   \n",
      "33             517           506   \n",
      "34              21            17   \n",
      "35             500           480   \n",
      "36             234           233   \n",
      "37              99            71   \n",
      "38             658           651   \n",
      "39              29            27   \n",
      "40             399           394   \n",
      "41              32            27   \n",
      "42             406           402   \n",
      "43            1316          1276   \n",
      "44              54            54   \n",
      "45              10            10   \n",
      "46             383           383   \n",
      "47             211           209   \n",
      "48              70            57   \n",
      "49             240           238   \n",
      "50              16            16   \n",
      "51             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "52             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "53             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "54             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "55             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "56             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "57             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "58             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "59             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "60             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "61             NaN           NaN   \n",
      "\n",
      "   GunMurderTot2015  GunOwnPer2013  \\\n",
      "0               NaN           48.9   \n",
      "1                39           61.7   \n",
      "2               171           32.3   \n",
      "3               110           57.9   \n",
      "4              1275           20.1   \n",
      "5               115           34.3   \n",
      "6                73           16.6   \n",
      "7                52            5.2   \n",
      "8               121           25.9   \n",
      "9               NaN           32.5   \n",
      "10              464           31.6   \n",
      "11                4           45.1   \n",
      "12               24           56.9   \n",
      "13              440           26.2   \n",
      "14              209           33.8   \n",
      "15               49           33.8   \n",
      "16               91           32.2   \n",
      "17              141           42.4   \n",
      "18              379           44.5   \n",
      "19               16           22.6   \n",
      "20              279           20.7   \n",
      "21               81           22.6   \n",
      "22              389           28.8   \n",
      "23               79           36.7   \n",
      "24              126           42.8   \n",
      "25              418           27.1   \n",
      "26               18           52.3   \n",
      "27               43           19.8   \n",
      "28              113           37.5   \n",
      "29                8           14.4   \n",
      "30              255           11.3   \n",
      "31               56           49.9   \n",
      "32              383           10.3   \n",
      "33              353           28.7   \n",
      "34                9           47.9   \n",
      "35              316           19.6   \n",
      "36              149           31.2   \n",
      "37               34           26.6   \n",
      "38              497           27.1   \n",
      "39               10            5.8   \n",
      "40              312           44.4   \n",
      "41               12           35.0   \n",
      "42              297           39.4   \n",
      "43              906           35.7   \n",
      "44               34           31.9   \n",
      "45                8           28.8   \n",
      "46              275           29.3   \n",
      "47              141           27.7   \n",
      "48               30           54.2   \n",
      "49              170           34.7   \n",
      "50               10           53.8   \n",
      "51              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "52              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "53              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "54              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "55              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "56              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "57              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "58              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "59              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "60              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "61              NaN            NaN   \n",
      "\n",
      "    MurderNMRate_per_100k_2015  \\\n",
      "0                         7.20   \n",
      "1                         8.00   \n",
      "2                         4.50   \n",
      "3                         6.10   \n",
      "4                         4.80   \n",
      "5                         3.20   \n",
      "6                         3.30   \n",
      "7                         6.70   \n",
      "8                        24.20   \n",
      "9                         5.10   \n",
      "10                        6.00   \n",
      "11                        1.30   \n",
      "12                        1.90   \n",
      "13                        5.80   \n",
      "14                        5.60   \n",
      "15                        2.30   \n",
      "16                        4.40   \n",
      "17                        4.70   \n",
      "18                       10.30   \n",
      "19                        1.70   \n",
      "20                        8.60   \n",
      "21                        1.90   \n",
      "22                        5.80   \n",
      "23                        2.40   \n",
      "24                        8.70   \n",
      "25                        8.30   \n",
      "26                        3.50   \n",
      "27                        3.30   \n",
      "28                        6.20   \n",
      "29                        1.10   \n",
      "30                        4.10   \n",
      "31                        5.60   \n",
      "32                        3.10   \n",
      "33                        5.20   \n",
      "34                        2.80   \n",
      "35                        4.30   \n",
      "36                        6.00   \n",
      "37                        2.50   \n",
      "38                        5.10   \n",
      "39                        2.70   \n",
      "40                        8.20   \n",
      "41                        3.70   \n",
      "42                        6.20   \n",
      "43                        4.80   \n",
      "44                        1.80   \n",
      "45                        1.60   \n",
      "46                        4.60   \n",
      "47                        2.90   \n",
      "48                        3.80   \n",
      "49                        4.20   \n",
      "50                        2.56   \n",
      "51                         NaN   \n",
      "52                         NaN   \n",
      "53                         NaN   \n",
      "54                         NaN   \n",
      "55                         NaN   \n",
      "56                         NaN   \n",
      "57                         NaN   \n",
      "58                         NaN   \n",
      "59                         NaN   \n",
      "60                         NaN   \n",
      "61                         NaN   \n",
      "\n",
      "   MurderRate_per_100k_2015  \\\n",
      "0                       NaN   \n",
      "1                       7.7   \n",
      "2                       4.1   \n",
      "3                       5.5   \n",
      "4                       4.8   \n",
      "5                       3.2   \n",
      "6                       3.0   \n",
      "7                       6.7   \n",
      "8                      24.2   \n",
      "9                       NaN   \n",
      "10                      5.5   \n",
      "11                      1.3   \n",
      "12                      1.8   \n",
      "13                      3.9   \n",
      "14                      4.1   \n",
      "15                      2.3   \n",
      "16                      4.3   \n",
      "17                      4.7   \n",
      "18                     10.2   \n",
      "19                      1.7   \n",
      "20                      6.2   \n",
      "21                      1.9   \n",
      "22                      5.8   \n",
      "23                      2.4   \n",
      "24                      5.3   \n",
      "25                      8.2   \n",
      "26                      3.5   \n",
      "27                      3.2   \n",
      "28                      6.1   \n",
      "29                      1.1   \n",
      "30                      4.0   \n",
      "31                      4.5   \n",
      "32                      3.1   \n",
      "33                      5.0   \n",
      "34                      2.2   \n",
      "35                      4.1   \n",
      "36                      6.0   \n",
      "37                      1.8   \n",
      "38                      5.1   \n",
      "39                      2.6   \n",
      "40                      8.0   \n",
      "41                      3.1   \n",
      "42                      6.1   \n",
      "43                      4.7   \n",
      "44                      1.8   \n",
      "45                      1.6   \n",
      "46                      4.6   \n",
      "47                      2.9   \n",
      "48                      3.1   \n",
      "49                      4.1   \n",
      "50                      2.7   \n",
      "51                      NaN   \n",
      "52                      NaN   \n",
      "53                      NaN   \n",
      "54                      NaN   \n",
      "55                      NaN   \n",
      "56                      NaN   \n",
      "57                      NaN   \n",
      "58                      NaN   \n",
      "59                      NaN   \n",
      "60                      NaN   \n",
      "61                      NaN   \n",
      "\n",
      "   GunMurderRate_per_100k_2015  \n",
      "0                          NaN  \n",
      "1                          5.3  \n",
      "2                          2.5  \n",
      "3                          3.7  \n",
      "4                          3.3  \n",
      "5                          2.1  \n",
      "6                          2.0  \n",
      "7                          5.5  \n",
      "8                         18.0  \n",
      "9                          NaN  \n",
      "10                         4.5  \n",
      "11                         0.3  \n",
      "12                         1.5  \n",
      "13                         3.4  \n",
      "14                         3.2  \n",
      "15                         1.6  \n",
      "16                         3.1  \n",
      "17                         3.2  \n",
      "18                         8.1  \n",
      "19                         1.2  \n",
      "20                         4.7  \n",
      "21                         1.2  \n",
      "22                         3.9  \n",
      "23                         1.4  \n",
      "24                         4.2  \n",
      "25                         6.9  \n",
      "26                         1.7  \n",
      "27                         2.3  \n",
      "28                         3.9  \n",
      "29                         0.6  \n",
      "30                         2.9  \n",
      "31                         2.7  \n",
      "32                         1.9  \n",
      "33                         3.5  \n",
      "34                         1.2  \n",
      "35                         2.7  \n",
      "36                         3.8  \n",
      "37                         0.8  \n",
      "38                         3.9  \n",
      "39                         0.9  \n",
      "40                         6.4  \n",
      "41                         1.4  \n",
      "42                         4.5  \n",
      "43                         3.3  \n",
      "44                         1.1  \n",
      "45                         1.3  \n",
      "46                         3.3  \n",
      "47                         2.0  \n",
      "48                         1.6  \n",
      "49                         2.9  \n",
      "50                         1.7  \n",
      "51                         NaN  \n",
      "52                         NaN  \n",
      "53                         NaN  \n",
      "54                         NaN  \n",
      "55                         NaN  \n",
      "56                         NaN  \n",
      "57                         NaN  \n",
      "58                         NaN  \n",
      "59                         NaN  \n",
      "60                         NaN  \n",
      "61                         NaN  \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#line 51 to 61 do not contain useful data an can be deleted\n",
    "#the dataset contain non numeric values like \"—[a]\" \"—[b]\" and must be changed to NaN  \n",
    "\n",
    "crime = crime.replace(to_replace ='.\\s\\[a\\]', value = 'NaN', regex = True)   #— [a] with a blank will be changed to NaN\n",
    "crime = crime.replace(to_replace ='.\\s\\[b\\]', value = 'NaN', regex = True)   #— [a] without a blank will be changed to NaN\n",
    "crime = crime.replace(to_replace ='.\\[a\\]', value = 'NaN', regex = True)     #— [b]  with a blank will be changed to NaN\n",
    "crime = crime.replace(to_replace ='.\\[b\\]', value = 'NaN', regex = True)     #— [b]  without a blank will be changed to NaN\n",
    "crime = crime.replace(to_replace =',', value = '', regex = True)\n",
    "\n",
    "print(crime) #after replacement of values like \"—[a]\" \"—[b]\" with and without space we need to check the dataset"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "11e92690-f1ec-435f-8764-b67c859d788d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>State</th>\n",
       "      <th>PopTot2012</th>\n",
       "      <th>MurderNMTot2015</th>\n",
       "      <th>MurderTot2015</th>\n",
       "      <th>GunMurderTot2015</th>\n",
       "      <th>GunOwnPer2013</th>\n",
       "      <th>MurderNMRate_per_100k_2015</th>\n",
       "      <th>MurderRate_per_100k_2015</th>\n",
       "      <th>GunMurderRate_per_100k_2015</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
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       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
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       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
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       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>31</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>32</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>33</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>34</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>35</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>36</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>37</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>38</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>39</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>40</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>41</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>42</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>43</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>44</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>45</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>46</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>47</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>48</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>49</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>50</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>51</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>52</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>53</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>54</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>55</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>56</th>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>57</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>58</th>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>59</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>60</th>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>61</th>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    State  PopTot2012  MurderNMTot2015  \\\n",
       "0   False       False            False   \n",
       "1   False       False            False   \n",
       "2   False       False            False   \n",
       "3   False       False            False   \n",
       "4   False       False            False   \n",
       "5   False       False            False   \n",
       "6   False       False            False   \n",
       "7   False       False            False   \n",
       "8   False       False            False   \n",
       "9   False       False            False   \n",
       "10  False       False            False   \n",
       "11  False       False            False   \n",
       "12  False       False            False   \n",
       "13  False       False            False   \n",
       "14  False       False            False   \n",
       "15  False       False            False   \n",
       "16  False       False            False   \n",
       "17  False       False            False   \n",
       "18  False       False            False   \n",
       "19  False       False            False   \n",
       "20  False       False            False   \n",
       "21  False       False            False   \n",
       "22  False       False            False   \n",
       "23  False       False            False   \n",
       "24  False       False            False   \n",
       "25  False       False            False   \n",
       "26  False       False            False   \n",
       "27  False       False            False   \n",
       "28  False       False            False   \n",
       "29  False       False            False   \n",
       "30  False       False            False   \n",
       "31  False       False            False   \n",
       "32  False       False            False   \n",
       "33  False       False            False   \n",
       "34  False       False            False   \n",
       "35  False       False            False   \n",
       "36  False       False            False   \n",
       "37  False       False            False   \n",
       "38  False       False            False   \n",
       "39  False       False            False   \n",
       "40  False       False            False   \n",
       "41  False       False            False   \n",
       "42  False       False            False   \n",
       "43  False       False            False   \n",
       "44  False       False            False   \n",
       "45  False       False            False   \n",
       "46  False       False            False   \n",
       "47  False       False            False   \n",
       "48  False       False            False   \n",
       "49  False       False            False   \n",
       "50  False       False            False   \n",
       "51  False        True             True   \n",
       "52  False        True             True   \n",
       "53  False        True             True   \n",
       "54  False        True             True   \n",
       "55  False        True             True   \n",
       "56   True        True             True   \n",
       "57  False        True             True   \n",
       "58   True        True             True   \n",
       "59  False        True             True   \n",
       "60   True        True             True   \n",
       "61  False        True             True   \n",
       "\n",
       "    MurderTot2015  GunMurderTot2015  \\\n",
       "0           False             False   \n",
       "1           False             False   \n",
       "2           False             False   \n",
       "3           False             False   \n",
       "4           False             False   \n",
       "5           False             False   \n",
       "6           False             False   \n",
       "7           False             False   \n",
       "8           False             False   \n",
       "9           False             False   \n",
       "10          False             False   \n",
       "11          False             False   \n",
       "12          False             False   \n",
       "13          False             False   \n",
       "14          False             False   \n",
       "15          False             False   \n",
       "16          False             False   \n",
       "17          False             False   \n",
       "18          False             False   \n",
       "19          False             False   \n",
       "20          False             False   \n",
       "21          False             False   \n",
       "22          False             False   \n",
       "23          False             False   \n",
       "24          False             False   \n",
       "25          False             False   \n",
       "26          False             False   \n",
       "27          False             False   \n",
       "28          False             False   \n",
       "29          False             False   \n",
       "30          False             False   \n",
       "31          False             False   \n",
       "32          False             False   \n",
       "33          False             False   \n",
       "34          False             False   \n",
       "35          False             False   \n",
       "36          False             False   \n",
       "37          False             False   \n",
       "38          False             False   \n",
       "39          False             False   \n",
       "40          False             False   \n",
       "41          False             False   \n",
       "42          False             False   \n",
       "43          False             False   \n",
       "44          False             False   \n",
       "45          False             False   \n",
       "46          False             False   \n",
       "47          False             False   \n",
       "48          False             False   \n",
       "49          False             False   \n",
       "50          False             False   \n",
       "51           True              True   \n",
       "52           True              True   \n",
       "53           True              True   \n",
       "54           True              True   \n",
       "55           True              True   \n",
       "56           True              True   \n",
       "57           True              True   \n",
       "58           True              True   \n",
       "59           True              True   \n",
       "60           True              True   \n",
       "61           True              True   \n",
       "\n",
       "    GunOwnPer2013  MurderNMRate_per_100k_2015  \\\n",
       "0           False                       False   \n",
       "1           False                       False   \n",
       "2           False                       False   \n",
       "3           False                       False   \n",
       "4           False                       False   \n",
       "5           False                       False   \n",
       "6           False                       False   \n",
       "7           False                       False   \n",
       "8           False                       False   \n",
       "9           False                       False   \n",
       "10          False                       False   \n",
       "11          False                       False   \n",
       "12          False                       False   \n",
       "13          False                       False   \n",
       "14          False                       False   \n",
       "15          False                       False   \n",
       "16          False                       False   \n",
       "17          False                       False   \n",
       "18          False                       False   \n",
       "19          False                       False   \n",
       "20          False                       False   \n",
       "21          False                       False   \n",
       "22          False                       False   \n",
       "23          False                       False   \n",
       "24          False                       False   \n",
       "25          False                       False   \n",
       "26          False                       False   \n",
       "27          False                       False   \n",
       "28          False                       False   \n",
       "29          False                       False   \n",
       "30          False                       False   \n",
       "31          False                       False   \n",
       "32          False                       False   \n",
       "33          False                       False   \n",
       "34          False                       False   \n",
       "35          False                       False   \n",
       "36          False                       False   \n",
       "37          False                       False   \n",
       "38          False                       False   \n",
       "39          False                       False   \n",
       "40          False                       False   \n",
       "41          False                       False   \n",
       "42          False                       False   \n",
       "43          False                       False   \n",
       "44          False                       False   \n",
       "45          False                       False   \n",
       "46          False                       False   \n",
       "47          False                       False   \n",
       "48          False                       False   \n",
       "49          False                       False   \n",
       "50          False                       False   \n",
       "51           True                        True   \n",
       "52           True                        True   \n",
       "53           True                        True   \n",
       "54           True                        True   \n",
       "55           True                        True   \n",
       "56           True                        True   \n",
       "57           True                        True   \n",
       "58           True                        True   \n",
       "59           True                        True   \n",
       "60           True                        True   \n",
       "61           True                        True   \n",
       "\n",
       "    MurderRate_per_100k_2015  \\\n",
       "0                      False   \n",
       "1                      False   \n",
       "2                      False   \n",
       "3                      False   \n",
       "4                      False   \n",
       "5                      False   \n",
       "6                      False   \n",
       "7                      False   \n",
       "8                      False   \n",
       "9                      False   \n",
       "10                     False   \n",
       "11                     False   \n",
       "12                     False   \n",
       "13                     False   \n",
       "14                     False   \n",
       "15                     False   \n",
       "16                     False   \n",
       "17                     False   \n",
       "18                     False   \n",
       "19                     False   \n",
       "20                     False   \n",
       "21                     False   \n",
       "22                     False   \n",
       "23                     False   \n",
       "24                     False   \n",
       "25                     False   \n",
       "26                     False   \n",
       "27                     False   \n",
       "28                     False   \n",
       "29                     False   \n",
       "30                     False   \n",
       "31                     False   \n",
       "32                     False   \n",
       "33                     False   \n",
       "34                     False   \n",
       "35                     False   \n",
       "36                     False   \n",
       "37                     False   \n",
       "38                     False   \n",
       "39                     False   \n",
       "40                     False   \n",
       "41                     False   \n",
       "42                     False   \n",
       "43                     False   \n",
       "44                     False   \n",
       "45                     False   \n",
       "46                     False   \n",
       "47                     False   \n",
       "48                     False   \n",
       "49                     False   \n",
       "50                     False   \n",
       "51                      True   \n",
       "52                      True   \n",
       "53                      True   \n",
       "54                      True   \n",
       "55                      True   \n",
       "56                      True   \n",
       "57                      True   \n",
       "58                      True   \n",
       "59                      True   \n",
       "60                      True   \n",
       "61                      True   \n",
       "\n",
       "    GunMurderRate_per_100k_2015  \n",
       "0                         False  \n",
       "1                         False  \n",
       "2                         False  \n",
       "3                         False  \n",
       "4                         False  \n",
       "5                         False  \n",
       "6                         False  \n",
       "7                         False  \n",
       "8                         False  \n",
       "9                         False  \n",
       "10                        False  \n",
       "11                        False  \n",
       "12                        False  \n",
       "13                        False  \n",
       "14                        False  \n",
       "15                        False  \n",
       "16                        False  \n",
       "17                        False  \n",
       "18                        False  \n",
       "19                        False  \n",
       "20                        False  \n",
       "21                        False  \n",
       "22                        False  \n",
       "23                        False  \n",
       "24                        False  \n",
       "25                        False  \n",
       "26                        False  \n",
       "27                        False  \n",
       "28                        False  \n",
       "29                        False  \n",
       "30                        False  \n",
       "31                        False  \n",
       "32                        False  \n",
       "33                        False  \n",
       "34                        False  \n",
       "35                        False  \n",
       "36                        False  \n",
       "37                        False  \n",
       "38                        False  \n",
       "39                        False  \n",
       "40                        False  \n",
       "41                        False  \n",
       "42                        False  \n",
       "43                        False  \n",
       "44                        False  \n",
       "45                        False  \n",
       "46                        False  \n",
       "47                        False  \n",
       "48                        False  \n",
       "49                        False  \n",
       "50                        False  \n",
       "51                         True  \n",
       "52                         True  \n",
       "53                         True  \n",
       "54                         True  \n",
       "55                         True  \n",
       "56                         True  \n",
       "57                         True  \n",
       "58                         True  \n",
       "59                         True  \n",
       "60                         True  \n",
       "61                         True  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#NaN values look fine   \n",
    "crime.isna() # verify NaN values are detected as such"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "09737f98-9b88-4712-91c2-1bb9a6701b2b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#NaN values looks fine\n",
    "crime = crime.dropna(thresh=2) #Keep only the rows with at least 2 non-NA values. This should delete lines 51-61 as well"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "6c322c61",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "                   State   PopTot2012  \\\n",
      "0                Alabama      4853875   \n",
      "1                 Alaska       737709   \n",
      "2                Arizona      6817565   \n",
      "3               Arkansas      2977853   \n",
      "4             California     38993940   \n",
      "5               Colorado      5448819   \n",
      "6            Connecticut      3584730   \n",
      "7               Delaware       944076   \n",
      "8   District of Columbia       670377   \n",
      "9                Florida     20244914   \n",
      "10               Georgia     10199398   \n",
      "11                Hawaii      1425157   \n",
      "12                 Idaho      1652828   \n",
      "13              Illinois  12859995[5]   \n",
      "14               Indiana      6612768   \n",
      "15                  Iowa      3121997   \n",
      "16                Kansas      2906721   \n",
      "17              Kentucky      4424611   \n",
      "18             Louisiana      4668960   \n",
      "19                 Maine      1329453   \n",
      "20              Maryland      5994983   \n",
      "21         Massachusetts      6784240   \n",
      "22              Michigan      9917715   \n",
      "23             Minnesota      5482435   \n",
      "24           Mississippi      2989390   \n",
      "25              Missouri      6076204   \n",
      "26               Montana      1032073   \n",
      "27              Nebraska      1893765   \n",
      "28                Nevada      2883758   \n",
      "29         New Hampshire      1330111   \n",
      "30            New Jersey      8935421   \n",
      "31            New Mexico      2080328   \n",
      "32              New York     19747183   \n",
      "33        North Carolina     10035186   \n",
      "34          North Dakota       756835   \n",
      "35                  Ohio     11605090   \n",
      "36              Oklahoma      3907414   \n",
      "37                Oregon      4024634   \n",
      "38          Pennsylvania     12791904   \n",
      "39          Rhode Island      1055607   \n",
      "40        South Carolina      4894834   \n",
      "41          South Dakota       857919   \n",
      "42             Tennessee      6595056   \n",
      "43                 Texas     27429639   \n",
      "44                  Utah      2990632   \n",
      "45               Vermont       626088   \n",
      "46              Virginia      8367587   \n",
      "47            Washington      7160290   \n",
      "48         West Virginia      1841053   \n",
      "49             Wisconsin      5767891   \n",
      "50               Wyoming       586107   \n",
      "\n",
      "   MurderNMTot2015 MurderTot2015  \\\n",
      "0              348           NaN   \n",
      "1               59            57   \n",
      "2              306           278   \n",
      "3              181           164   \n",
      "4             1861          1861   \n",
      "5              176           176   \n",
      "6              117           107   \n",
      "7               63            63   \n",
      "8              162           162   \n",
      "9             1041           NaN   \n",
      "10             615           565   \n",
      "11              19            19   \n",
      "12              32            30   \n",
      "13             744           497   \n",
      "14             373           272   \n",
      "15              72            72   \n",
      "16             128           125   \n",
      "17             209           209   \n",
      "18             481           474   \n",
      "19              23            23   \n",
      "20             516           372   \n",
      "21             128           126   \n",
      "22             571           571   \n",
      "23             133           133   \n",
      "24             259           159   \n",
      "25             502           499   \n",
      "26              36            36   \n",
      "27              62            61   \n",
      "28             178           177   \n",
      "29              14            14   \n",
      "30             363           353   \n",
      "31             117            94   \n",
      "32             609           611   \n",
      "33             517           506   \n",
      "34              21            17   \n",
      "35             500           480   \n",
      "36             234           233   \n",
      "37              99            71   \n",
      "38             658           651   \n",
      "39              29            27   \n",
      "40             399           394   \n",
      "41              32            27   \n",
      "42             406           402   \n",
      "43            1316          1276   \n",
      "44              54            54   \n",
      "45              10            10   \n",
      "46             383           383   \n",
      "47             211           209   \n",
      "48              70            57   \n",
      "49             240           238   \n",
      "50              16            16   \n",
      "\n",
      "   GunMurderTot2015  GunOwnPer2013  \\\n",
      "0               NaN           48.9   \n",
      "1                39           61.7   \n",
      "2               171           32.3   \n",
      "3               110           57.9   \n",
      "4              1275           20.1   \n",
      "5               115           34.3   \n",
      "6                73           16.6   \n",
      "7                52            5.2   \n",
      "8               121           25.9   \n",
      "9               NaN           32.5   \n",
      "10              464           31.6   \n",
      "11                4           45.1   \n",
      "12               24           56.9   \n",
      "13              440           26.2   \n",
      "14              209           33.8   \n",
      "15               49           33.8   \n",
      "16               91           32.2   \n",
      "17              141           42.4   \n",
      "18              379           44.5   \n",
      "19               16           22.6   \n",
      "20              279           20.7   \n",
      "21               81           22.6   \n",
      "22              389           28.8   \n",
      "23               79           36.7   \n",
      "24              126           42.8   \n",
      "25              418           27.1   \n",
      "26               18           52.3   \n",
      "27               43           19.8   \n",
      "28              113           37.5   \n",
      "29                8           14.4   \n",
      "30              255           11.3   \n",
      "31               56           49.9   \n",
      "32              383           10.3   \n",
      "33              353           28.7   \n",
      "34                9           47.9   \n",
      "35              316           19.6   \n",
      "36              149           31.2   \n",
      "37               34           26.6   \n",
      "38              497           27.1   \n",
      "39               10            5.8   \n",
      "40              312           44.4   \n",
      "41               12           35.0   \n",
      "42              297           39.4   \n",
      "43              906           35.7   \n",
      "44               34           31.9   \n",
      "45                8           28.8   \n",
      "46              275           29.3   \n",
      "47              141           27.7   \n",
      "48               30           54.2   \n",
      "49              170           34.7   \n",
      "50               10           53.8   \n",
      "\n",
      "    MurderNMRate_per_100k_2015  \\\n",
      "0                         7.20   \n",
      "1                         8.00   \n",
      "2                         4.50   \n",
      "3                         6.10   \n",
      "4                         4.80   \n",
      "5                         3.20   \n",
      "6                         3.30   \n",
      "7                         6.70   \n",
      "8                        24.20   \n",
      "9                         5.10   \n",
      "10                        6.00   \n",
      "11                        1.30   \n",
      "12                        1.90   \n",
      "13                        5.80   \n",
      "14                        5.60   \n",
      "15                        2.30   \n",
      "16                        4.40   \n",
      "17                        4.70   \n",
      "18                       10.30   \n",
      "19                        1.70   \n",
      "20                        8.60   \n",
      "21                        1.90   \n",
      "22                        5.80   \n",
      "23                        2.40   \n",
      "24                        8.70   \n",
      "25                        8.30   \n",
      "26                        3.50   \n",
      "27                        3.30   \n",
      "28                        6.20   \n",
      "29                        1.10   \n",
      "30                        4.10   \n",
      "31                        5.60   \n",
      "32                        3.10   \n",
      "33                        5.20   \n",
      "34                        2.80   \n",
      "35                        4.30   \n",
      "36                        6.00   \n",
      "37                        2.50   \n",
      "38                        5.10   \n",
      "39                        2.70   \n",
      "40                        8.20   \n",
      "41                        3.70   \n",
      "42                        6.20   \n",
      "43                        4.80   \n",
      "44                        1.80   \n",
      "45                        1.60   \n",
      "46                        4.60   \n",
      "47                        2.90   \n",
      "48                        3.80   \n",
      "49                        4.20   \n",
      "50                        2.56   \n",
      "\n",
      "   MurderRate_per_100k_2015  \\\n",
      "0                       NaN   \n",
      "1                       7.7   \n",
      "2                       4.1   \n",
      "3                       5.5   \n",
      "4                       4.8   \n",
      "5                       3.2   \n",
      "6                       3.0   \n",
      "7                       6.7   \n",
      "8                      24.2   \n",
      "9                       NaN   \n",
      "10                      5.5   \n",
      "11                      1.3   \n",
      "12                      1.8   \n",
      "13                      3.9   \n",
      "14                      4.1   \n",
      "15                      2.3   \n",
      "16                      4.3   \n",
      "17                      4.7   \n",
      "18                     10.2   \n",
      "19                      1.7   \n",
      "20                      6.2   \n",
      "21                      1.9   \n",
      "22                      5.8   \n",
      "23                      2.4   \n",
      "24                      5.3   \n",
      "25                      8.2   \n",
      "26                      3.5   \n",
      "27                      3.2   \n",
      "28                      6.1   \n",
      "29                      1.1   \n",
      "30                      4.0   \n",
      "31                      4.5   \n",
      "32                      3.1   \n",
      "33                      5.0   \n",
      "34                      2.2   \n",
      "35                      4.1   \n",
      "36                      6.0   \n",
      "37                      1.8   \n",
      "38                      5.1   \n",
      "39                      2.6   \n",
      "40                      8.0   \n",
      "41                      3.1   \n",
      "42                      6.1   \n",
      "43                      4.7   \n",
      "44                      1.8   \n",
      "45                      1.6   \n",
      "46                      4.6   \n",
      "47                      2.9   \n",
      "48                      3.1   \n",
      "49                      4.1   \n",
      "50                      2.7   \n",
      "\n",
      "   GunMurderRate_per_100k_2015  \n",
      "0                          NaN  \n",
      "1                          5.3  \n",
      "2                          2.5  \n",
      "3                          3.7  \n",
      "4                          3.3  \n",
      "5                          2.1  \n",
      "6                          2.0  \n",
      "7                          5.5  \n",
      "8                         18.0  \n",
      "9                          NaN  \n",
      "10                         4.5  \n",
      "11                         0.3  \n",
      "12                         1.5  \n",
      "13                         3.4  \n",
      "14                         3.2  \n",
      "15                         1.6  \n",
      "16                         3.1  \n",
      "17                         3.2  \n",
      "18                         8.1  \n",
      "19                         1.2  \n",
      "20                         4.7  \n",
      "21                         1.2  \n",
      "22                         3.9  \n",
      "23                         1.4  \n",
      "24                         4.2  \n",
      "25                         6.9  \n",
      "26                         1.7  \n",
      "27                         2.3  \n",
      "28                         3.9  \n",
      "29                         0.6  \n",
      "30                         2.9  \n",
      "31                         2.7  \n",
      "32                         1.9  \n",
      "33                         3.5  \n",
      "34                         1.2  \n",
      "35                         2.7  \n",
      "36                         3.8  \n",
      "37                         0.8  \n",
      "38                         3.9  \n",
      "39                         0.9  \n",
      "40                         6.4  \n",
      "41                         1.4  \n",
      "42                         4.5  \n",
      "43                         3.3  \n",
      "44                         1.1  \n",
      "45                         1.3  \n",
      "46                         3.3  \n",
      "47                         2.0  \n",
      "48                         1.6  \n",
      "49                         2.9  \n",
      "50                         1.7  \n",
      "                   State   PopTot2012  \\\n",
      "0                Alabama      4853875   \n",
      "1                 Alaska       737709   \n",
      "2                Arizona      6817565   \n",
      "3               Arkansas      2977853   \n",
      "4             California     38993940   \n",
      "5               Colorado      5448819   \n",
      "6            Connecticut      3584730   \n",
      "7               Delaware       944076   \n",
      "8   District of Columbia       670377   \n",
      "9                Florida     20244914   \n",
      "10               Georgia     10199398   \n",
      "11                Hawaii      1425157   \n",
      "12                 Idaho      1652828   \n",
      "13              Illinois  12859995[5]   \n",
      "14               Indiana      6612768   \n",
      "15                  Iowa      3121997   \n",
      "16                Kansas      2906721   \n",
      "17              Kentucky      4424611   \n",
      "18             Louisiana      4668960   \n",
      "19                 Maine      1329453   \n",
      "20              Maryland      5994983   \n",
      "21         Massachusetts      6784240   \n",
      "22              Michigan      9917715   \n",
      "23             Minnesota      5482435   \n",
      "24           Mississippi      2989390   \n",
      "25              Missouri      6076204   \n",
      "26               Montana      1032073   \n",
      "27              Nebraska      1893765   \n",
      "28                Nevada      2883758   \n",
      "29         New Hampshire      1330111   \n",
      "30            New Jersey      8935421   \n",
      "31            New Mexico      2080328   \n",
      "32              New York     19747183   \n",
      "33        North Carolina     10035186   \n",
      "34          North Dakota       756835   \n",
      "35                  Ohio     11605090   \n",
      "36              Oklahoma      3907414   \n",
      "37                Oregon      4024634   \n",
      "38          Pennsylvania     12791904   \n",
      "39          Rhode Island      1055607   \n",
      "40        South Carolina      4894834   \n",
      "41          South Dakota       857919   \n",
      "42             Tennessee      6595056   \n",
      "43                 Texas     27429639   \n",
      "44                  Utah      2990632   \n",
      "45               Vermont       626088   \n",
      "46              Virginia      8367587   \n",
      "47            Washington      7160290   \n",
      "48         West Virginia      1841053   \n",
      "49             Wisconsin      5767891   \n",
      "50               Wyoming       586107   \n",
      "\n",
      "   MurderNMTot2015 MurderTot2015  \\\n",
      "0              348           NaN   \n",
      "1               59            57   \n",
      "2              306           278   \n",
      "3              181           164   \n",
      "4             1861          1861   \n",
      "5              176           176   \n",
      "6              117           107   \n",
      "7               63            63   \n",
      "8              162           162   \n",
      "9             1041           NaN   \n",
      "10             615           565   \n",
      "11              19            19   \n",
      "12              32            30   \n",
      "13             744           497   \n",
      "14             373           272   \n",
      "15              72            72   \n",
      "16             128           125   \n",
      "17             209           209   \n",
      "18             481           474   \n",
      "19              23            23   \n",
      "20             516           372   \n",
      "21             128           126   \n",
      "22             571           571   \n",
      "23             133           133   \n",
      "24             259           159   \n",
      "25             502           499   \n",
      "26              36            36   \n",
      "27              62            61   \n",
      "28             178           177   \n",
      "29              14            14   \n",
      "30             363           353   \n",
      "31             117            94   \n",
      "32             609           611   \n",
      "33             517           506   \n",
      "34              21            17   \n",
      "35             500           480   \n",
      "36             234           233   \n",
      "37              99            71   \n",
      "38             658           651   \n",
      "39              29            27   \n",
      "40             399           394   \n",
      "41              32            27   \n",
      "42             406           402   \n",
      "43            1316          1276   \n",
      "44              54            54   \n",
      "45              10            10   \n",
      "46             383           383   \n",
      "47             211           209   \n",
      "48              70            57   \n",
      "49             240           238   \n",
      "50              16            16   \n",
      "\n",
      "   GunMurderTot2015  GunOwnPer2013  \\\n",
      "0               NaN           48.9   \n",
      "1                39           61.7   \n",
      "2               171           32.3   \n",
      "3               110           57.9   \n",
      "4              1275           20.1   \n",
      "5               115           34.3   \n",
      "6                73           16.6   \n",
      "7                52            5.2   \n",
      "8               121           25.9   \n",
      "9               NaN           32.5   \n",
      "10              464           31.6   \n",
      "11                4           45.1   \n",
      "12               24           56.9   \n",
      "13              440           26.2   \n",
      "14              209           33.8   \n",
      "15               49           33.8   \n",
      "16               91           32.2   \n",
      "17              141           42.4   \n",
      "18              379           44.5   \n",
      "19               16           22.6   \n",
      "20              279           20.7   \n",
      "21               81           22.6   \n",
      "22              389           28.8   \n",
      "23               79           36.7   \n",
      "24              126           42.8   \n",
      "25              418           27.1   \n",
      "26               18           52.3   \n",
      "27               43           19.8   \n",
      "28              113           37.5   \n",
      "29                8           14.4   \n",
      "30              255           11.3   \n",
      "31               56           49.9   \n",
      "32              383           10.3   \n",
      "33              353           28.7   \n",
      "34                9           47.9   \n",
      "35              316           19.6   \n",
      "36              149           31.2   \n",
      "37               34           26.6   \n",
      "38              497           27.1   \n",
      "39               10            5.8   \n",
      "40              312           44.4   \n",
      "41               12           35.0   \n",
      "42              297           39.4   \n",
      "43              906           35.7   \n",
      "44               34           31.9   \n",
      "45                8           28.8   \n",
      "46              275           29.3   \n",
      "47              141           27.7   \n",
      "48               30           54.2   \n",
      "49              170           34.7   \n",
      "50               10           53.8   \n",
      "\n",
      "    MurderNMRate_per_100k_2015  \\\n",
      "0                         7.20   \n",
      "1                         8.00   \n",
      "2                         4.50   \n",
      "3                         6.10   \n",
      "4                         4.80   \n",
      "5                         3.20   \n",
      "6                         3.30   \n",
      "7                         6.70   \n",
      "8                        24.20   \n",
      "9                         5.10   \n",
      "10                        6.00   \n",
      "11                        1.30   \n",
      "12                        1.90   \n",
      "13                        5.80   \n",
      "14                        5.60   \n",
      "15                        2.30   \n",
      "16                        4.40   \n",
      "17                        4.70   \n",
      "18                       10.30   \n",
      "19                        1.70   \n",
      "20                        8.60   \n",
      "21                        1.90   \n",
      "22                        5.80   \n",
      "23                        2.40   \n",
      "24                        8.70   \n",
      "25                        8.30   \n",
      "26                        3.50   \n",
      "27                        3.30   \n",
      "28                        6.20   \n",
      "29                        1.10   \n",
      "30                        4.10   \n",
      "31                        5.60   \n",
      "32                        3.10   \n",
      "33                        5.20   \n",
      "34                        2.80   \n",
      "35                        4.30   \n",
      "36                        6.00   \n",
      "37                        2.50   \n",
      "38                        5.10   \n",
      "39                        2.70   \n",
      "40                        8.20   \n",
      "41                        3.70   \n",
      "42                        6.20   \n",
      "43                        4.80   \n",
      "44                        1.80   \n",
      "45                        1.60   \n",
      "46                        4.60   \n",
      "47                        2.90   \n",
      "48                        3.80   \n",
      "49                        4.20   \n",
      "50                        2.56   \n",
      "\n",
      "   MurderRate_per_100k_2015  \\\n",
      "0                       NaN   \n",
      "1                       7.7   \n",
      "2                       4.1   \n",
      "3                       5.5   \n",
      "4                       4.8   \n",
      "5                       3.2   \n",
      "6                       3.0   \n",
      "7                       6.7   \n",
      "8                      24.2   \n",
      "9                       NaN   \n",
      "10                      5.5   \n",
      "11                      1.3   \n",
      "12                      1.8   \n",
      "13                      3.9   \n",
      "14                      4.1   \n",
      "15                      2.3   \n",
      "16                      4.3   \n",
      "17                      4.7   \n",
      "18                     10.2   \n",
      "19                      1.7   \n",
      "20                      6.2   \n",
      "21                      1.9   \n",
      "22                      5.8   \n",
      "23                      2.4   \n",
      "24                      5.3   \n",
      "25                      8.2   \n",
      "26                      3.5   \n",
      "27                      3.2   \n",
      "28                      6.1   \n",
      "29                      1.1   \n",
      "30                      4.0   \n",
      "31                      4.5   \n",
      "32                      3.1   \n",
      "33                      5.0   \n",
      "34                      2.2   \n",
      "35                      4.1   \n",
      "36                      6.0   \n",
      "37                      1.8   \n",
      "38                      5.1   \n",
      "39                      2.6   \n",
      "40                      8.0   \n",
      "41                      3.1   \n",
      "42                      6.1   \n",
      "43                      4.7   \n",
      "44                      1.8   \n",
      "45                      1.6   \n",
      "46                      4.6   \n",
      "47                      2.9   \n",
      "48                      3.1   \n",
      "49                      4.1   \n",
      "50                      2.7   \n",
      "\n",
      "   GunMurderRate_per_100k_2015  \n",
      "0                          NaN  \n",
      "1                          5.3  \n",
      "2                          2.5  \n",
      "3                          3.7  \n",
      "4                          3.3  \n",
      "5                          2.1  \n",
      "6                          2.0  \n",
      "7                          5.5  \n",
      "8                         18.0  \n",
      "9                          NaN  \n",
      "10                         4.5  \n",
      "11                         0.3  \n",
      "12                         1.5  \n",
      "13                         3.4  \n",
      "14                         3.2  \n",
      "15                         1.6  \n",
      "16                         3.1  \n",
      "17                         3.2  \n",
      "18                         8.1  \n",
      "19                         1.2  \n",
      "20                         4.7  \n",
      "21                         1.2  \n",
      "22                         3.9  \n",
      "23                         1.4  \n",
      "24                         4.2  \n",
      "25                         6.9  \n",
      "26                         1.7  \n",
      "27                         2.3  \n",
      "28                         3.9  \n",
      "29                         0.6  \n",
      "30                         2.9  \n",
      "31                         2.7  \n",
      "32                         1.9  \n",
      "33                         3.5  \n",
      "34                         1.2  \n",
      "35                         2.7  \n",
      "36                         3.8  \n",
      "37                         0.8  \n",
      "38                         3.9  \n",
      "39                         0.9  \n",
      "40                         6.4  \n",
      "41                         1.4  \n",
      "42                         4.5  \n",
      "43                         3.3  \n",
      "44                         1.1  \n",
      "45                         1.3  \n",
      "46                         3.3  \n",
      "47                         2.0  \n",
      "48                         1.6  \n",
      "49                         2.9  \n",
      "50                         1.7  \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(crime) #print the full set again\n",
    "#some data contain \",\"\n",
    "\n",
    "#crime['PopTot2012']= crime['PopTot2012'].replace([','],'')\n",
    "#crime = crime.apply(lambda x: x.str.replace(',',''))\n",
    "#crime.replace(to_replace =\",\",value =\"\")\n",
    "#crime.PopTot2012 = crime.PopTot2012.str.replace(',','')\n",
    "#crime.apply(lambda x: x.str.replace(',',''))\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "#crime.MurderTot2015 = crime.MurderTot2015.str.replace(',','')\n",
    "#crime.GunMurderTot2015 = crime.GunMurderTot2015.str.replace(',','')\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "print(crime)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "74d8d7e4-83b7-4971-9086-dc8beba78746",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>\n",
      "Int64Index: 51 entries, 0 to 50\n",
      "Data columns (total 9 columns):\n",
      " #   Column                       Non-Null Count  Dtype  \n",
      "---  ------                       --------------  -----  \n",
      " 0   State                        51 non-null     object \n",
      " 1   PopTot2012                   51 non-null     object \n",
      " 2   MurderNMTot2015              51 non-null     object \n",
      " 3   MurderTot2015                51 non-null     object \n",
      " 4   GunMurderTot2015             51 non-null     object \n",
      " 5   GunOwnPer2013                51 non-null     float64\n",
      " 6   MurderNMRate_per_100k_2015   51 non-null     float64\n",
      " 7   MurderRate_per_100k_2015     51 non-null     object \n",
      " 8   GunMurderRate_per_100k_2015  51 non-null     object \n",
      "dtypes: float64(2), object(7)\n",
      "memory usage: 4.0+ KB\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "crime.info()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "ea92488a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>PopTot2012</th>\n",
       "      <th>MurderNMTot2015</th>\n",
       "      <th>MurderTot2015</th>\n",
       "      <th>GunMurderTot2015</th>\n",
       "      <th>GunOwnPer2013</th>\n",
       "      <th>MurderNMRate_per_100k_2015</th>\n",
       "      <th>MurderRate_per_100k_2015</th>\n",
       "      <th>GunMurderRate_per_100k_2015</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>State</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Alabama</th>\n",
       "      <td>4853875</td>\n",
       "      <td>348</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>48.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Alaska</th>\n",
       "      <td>737709</td>\n",
       "      <td>59</td>\n",
       "      <td>57</td>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "      <td>61.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Arizona</th>\n",
       "      <td>6817565</td>\n",
       "      <td>306</td>\n",
       "      <td>278</td>\n",
       "      <td>171</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Arkansas</th>\n",
       "      <td>2977853</td>\n",
       "      <td>181</td>\n",
       "      <td>164</td>\n",
       "      <td>110</td>\n",
       "      <td>57.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>California</th>\n",
       "      <td>38993940</td>\n",
       "      <td>1861</td>\n",
       "      <td>1861</td>\n",
       "      <td>1275</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Colorado</th>\n",
       "      <td>5448819</td>\n",
       "      <td>176</td>\n",
       "      <td>176</td>\n",
       "      <td>115</td>\n",
       "      <td>34.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Connecticut</th>\n",
       "      <td>3584730</td>\n",
       "      <td>117</td>\n",
       "      <td>107</td>\n",
       "      <td>73</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Delaware</th>\n",
       "      <td>944076</td>\n",
       "      <td>63</td>\n",
       "      <td>63</td>\n",
       "      <td>52</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>District of Columbia</th>\n",
       "      <td>670377</td>\n",
       "      <td>162</td>\n",
       "      <td>162</td>\n",
       "      <td>121</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Florida</th>\n",
       "      <td>20244914</td>\n",
       "      <td>1041</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Georgia</th>\n",
       "      <td>10199398</td>\n",
       "      <td>615</td>\n",
       "      <td>565</td>\n",
       "      <td>464</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Hawaii</th>\n",
       "      <td>1425157</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>45.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Idaho</th>\n",
       "      <td>1652828</td>\n",
       "      <td>32</td>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>56.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Illinois</th>\n",
       "      <td>12859995[5]</td>\n",
       "      <td>744</td>\n",
       "      <td>497</td>\n",
       "      <td>440</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Indiana</th>\n",
       "      <td>6612768</td>\n",
       "      <td>373</td>\n",
       "      <td>272</td>\n",
       "      <td>209</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Iowa</th>\n",
       "      <td>3121997</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.6</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Kansas</th>\n",
       "      <td>2906721</td>\n",
       "      <td>128</td>\n",
       "      <td>125</td>\n",
       "      <td>91</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Kentucky</th>\n",
       "      <td>4424611</td>\n",
       "      <td>209</td>\n",
       "      <td>209</td>\n",
       "      <td>141</td>\n",
       "      <td>42.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Louisiana</th>\n",
       "      <td>4668960</td>\n",
       "      <td>481</td>\n",
       "      <td>474</td>\n",
       "      <td>379</td>\n",
       "      <td>44.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Maine</th>\n",
       "      <td>1329453</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Maryland</th>\n",
       "      <td>5994983</td>\n",
       "      <td>516</td>\n",
       "      <td>372</td>\n",
       "      <td>279</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Massachusetts</th>\n",
       "      <td>6784240</td>\n",
       "      <td>128</td>\n",
       "      <td>126</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Michigan</th>\n",
       "      <td>9917715</td>\n",
       "      <td>571</td>\n",
       "      <td>571</td>\n",
       "      <td>389</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Minnesota</th>\n",
       "      <td>5482435</td>\n",
       "      <td>133</td>\n",
       "      <td>133</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>36.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.40</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Mississippi</th>\n",
       "      <td>2989390</td>\n",
       "      <td>259</td>\n",
       "      <td>159</td>\n",
       "      <td>126</td>\n",
       "      <td>42.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Missouri</th>\n",
       "      <td>6076204</td>\n",
       "      <td>502</td>\n",
       "      <td>499</td>\n",
       "      <td>418</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Montana</th>\n",
       "      <td>1032073</td>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>52.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Nebraska</th>\n",
       "      <td>1893765</td>\n",
       "      <td>62</td>\n",
       "      <td>61</td>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Nevada</th>\n",
       "      <td>2883758</td>\n",
       "      <td>178</td>\n",
       "      <td>177</td>\n",
       "      <td>113</td>\n",
       "      <td>37.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New Hampshire</th>\n",
       "      <td>1330111</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.6</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New Jersey</th>\n",
       "      <td>8935421</td>\n",
       "      <td>363</td>\n",
       "      <td>353</td>\n",
       "      <td>255</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New Mexico</th>\n",
       "      <td>2080328</td>\n",
       "      <td>117</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>56</td>\n",
       "      <td>49.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New York</th>\n",
       "      <td>19747183</td>\n",
       "      <td>609</td>\n",
       "      <td>611</td>\n",
       "      <td>383</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>North Carolina</th>\n",
       "      <td>10035186</td>\n",
       "      <td>517</td>\n",
       "      <td>506</td>\n",
       "      <td>353</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>North Dakota</th>\n",
       "      <td>756835</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>47.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.2</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Ohio</th>\n",
       "      <td>11605090</td>\n",
       "      <td>500</td>\n",
       "      <td>480</td>\n",
       "      <td>316</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.30</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Oklahoma</th>\n",
       "      <td>3907414</td>\n",
       "      <td>234</td>\n",
       "      <td>233</td>\n",
       "      <td>149</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.00</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Oregon</th>\n",
       "      <td>4024634</td>\n",
       "      <td>99</td>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.50</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Pennsylvania</th>\n",
       "      <td>12791904</td>\n",
       "      <td>658</td>\n",
       "      <td>651</td>\n",
       "      <td>497</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.10</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Rhode Island</th>\n",
       "      <td>1055607</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>South Carolina</th>\n",
       "      <td>4894834</td>\n",
       "      <td>399</td>\n",
       "      <td>394</td>\n",
       "      <td>312</td>\n",
       "      <td>44.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>South Dakota</th>\n",
       "      <td>857919</td>\n",
       "      <td>32</td>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.70</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Tennessee</th>\n",
       "      <td>6595056</td>\n",
       "      <td>406</td>\n",
       "      <td>402</td>\n",
       "      <td>297</td>\n",
       "      <td>39.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.5</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Texas</th>\n",
       "      <td>27429639</td>\n",
       "      <td>1316</td>\n",
       "      <td>1276</td>\n",
       "      <td>906</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Utah</th>\n",
       "      <td>2990632</td>\n",
       "      <td>54</td>\n",
       "      <td>54</td>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Vermont</th>\n",
       "      <td>626088</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Virginia</th>\n",
       "      <td>8367587</td>\n",
       "      <td>383</td>\n",
       "      <td>383</td>\n",
       "      <td>275</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.60</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Washington</th>\n",
       "      <td>7160290</td>\n",
       "      <td>211</td>\n",
       "      <td>209</td>\n",
       "      <td>141</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.90</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>West Virginia</th>\n",
       "      <td>1841053</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>57</td>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>54.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.80</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.6</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Wisconsin</th>\n",
       "      <td>5767891</td>\n",
       "      <td>240</td>\n",
       "      <td>238</td>\n",
       "      <td>170</td>\n",
       "      <td>34.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.20</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Wyoming</th>\n",
       "      <td>586107</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>53.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.56</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                       PopTot2012  \\\n",
       "State                               \n",
       "Alabama                   4853875   \n",
       "Alaska                     737709   \n",
       "Arizona                   6817565   \n",
       "Arkansas                  2977853   \n",
       "California               38993940   \n",
       "Colorado                  5448819   \n",
       "Connecticut               3584730   \n",
       "Delaware                   944076   \n",
       "District of Columbia       670377   \n",
       "Florida                  20244914   \n",
       "Georgia                  10199398   \n",
       "Hawaii                    1425157   \n",
       "Idaho                     1652828   \n",
       "Illinois              12859995[5]   \n",
       "Indiana                   6612768   \n",
       "Iowa                      3121997   \n",
       "Kansas                    2906721   \n",
       "Kentucky                  4424611   \n",
       "Louisiana                 4668960   \n",
       "Maine                     1329453   \n",
       "Maryland                  5994983   \n",
       "Massachusetts             6784240   \n",
       "Michigan                  9917715   \n",
       "Minnesota                 5482435   \n",
       "Mississippi               2989390   \n",
       "Missouri                  6076204   \n",
       "Montana                   1032073   \n",
       "Nebraska                  1893765   \n",
       "Nevada                    2883758   \n",
       "New Hampshire             1330111   \n",
       "New Jersey                8935421   \n",
       "New Mexico                2080328   \n",
       "New York                 19747183   \n",
       "North Carolina           10035186   \n",
       "North Dakota               756835   \n",
       "Ohio                     11605090   \n",
       "Oklahoma                  3907414   \n",
       "Oregon                    4024634   \n",
       "Pennsylvania             12791904   \n",
       "Rhode Island              1055607   \n",
       "South Carolina            4894834   \n",
       "South Dakota               857919   \n",
       "Tennessee                 6595056   \n",
       "Texas                    27429639   \n",
       "Utah                      2990632   \n",
       "Vermont                    626088   \n",
       "Virginia                  8367587   \n",
       "Washington                7160290   \n",
       "West Virginia             1841053   \n",
       "Wisconsin                 5767891   \n",
       "Wyoming                    586107   \n",
       "\n",
       "                     MurderNMTot2015  \\\n",
       "State                                  \n",
       "Alabama                          348   \n",
       "Alaska                            59   \n",
       "Arizona                          306   \n",
       "Arkansas                         181   \n",
       "California                      1861   \n",
       "Colorado                         176   \n",
       "Connecticut                      117   \n",
       "Delaware                          63   \n",
       "District of Columbia             162   \n",
       "Florida                         1041   \n",
       "Georgia                          615   \n",
       "Hawaii                            19   \n",
       "Idaho                             32   \n",
       "Illinois                         744   \n",
       "Indiana                          373   \n",
       "Iowa                              72   \n",
       "Kansas                           128   \n",
       "Kentucky                         209   \n",
       "Louisiana                        481   \n",
       "Maine                             23   \n",
       "Maryland                         516   \n",
       "Massachusetts                    128   \n",
       "Michigan                         571   \n",
       "Minnesota                        133   \n",
       "Mississippi                      259   \n",
       "Missouri                         502   \n",
       "Montana                           36   \n",
       "Nebraska                          62   \n",
       "Nevada                           178   \n",
       "New Hampshire                     14   \n",
       "New Jersey                       363   \n",
       "New Mexico                       117   \n",
       "New York                         609   \n",
       "North Carolina                   517   \n",
       "North Dakota                      21   \n",
       "Ohio                             500   \n",
       "Oklahoma                         234   \n",
       "Oregon                            99   \n",
       "Pennsylvania                     658   \n",
       "Rhode Island                      29   \n",
       "South Carolina                   399   \n",
       "South Dakota                      32   \n",
       "Tennessee                        406   \n",
       "Texas                           1316   \n",
       "Utah                              54   \n",
       "Vermont                           10   \n",
       "Virginia                         383   \n",
       "Washington                       211   \n",
       "West Virginia                     70   \n",
       "Wisconsin                        240   \n",
       "Wyoming                           16   \n",
       "\n",
       "                     MurderTot2015  \\\n",
       "State                                \n",
       "Alabama                        NaN   \n",
       "Alaska                          57   \n",
       "Arizona                        278   \n",
       "Arkansas                       164   \n",
       "California                    1861   \n",
       "Colorado                       176   \n",
       "Connecticut                    107   \n",
       "Delaware                        63   \n",
       "District of Columbia           162   \n",
       "Florida                        NaN   \n",
       "Georgia                        565   \n",
       "Hawaii                          19   \n",
       "Idaho                           30   \n",
       "Illinois                       497   \n",
       "Indiana                        272   \n",
       "Iowa                            72   \n",
       "Kansas                         125   \n",
       "Kentucky                       209   \n",
       "Louisiana                      474   \n",
       "Maine                           23   \n",
       "Maryland                       372   \n",
       "Massachusetts                  126   \n",
       "Michigan                       571   \n",
       "Minnesota                      133   \n",
       "Mississippi                    159   \n",
       "Missouri                       499   \n",
       "Montana                         36   \n",
       "Nebraska                        61   \n",
       "Nevada                         177   \n",
       "New Hampshire                   14   \n",
       "New Jersey                     353   \n",
       "New Mexico                      94   \n",
       "New York                       611   \n",
       "North Carolina                 506   \n",
       "North Dakota                    17   \n",
       "Ohio                           480   \n",
       "Oklahoma                       233   \n",
       "Oregon                          71   \n",
       "Pennsylvania                   651   \n",
       "Rhode Island                    27   \n",
       "South Carolina                 394   \n",
       "South Dakota                    27   \n",
       "Tennessee                      402   \n",
       "Texas                         1276   \n",
       "Utah                            54   \n",
       "Vermont                         10   \n",
       "Virginia                       383   \n",
       "Washington                     209   \n",
       "West Virginia                   57   \n",
       "Wisconsin                      238   \n",
       "Wyoming                         16   \n",
       "\n",
       "                     GunMurderTot2015  \\\n",
       "State                                   \n",
       "Alabama                           NaN   \n",
       "Alaska                             39   \n",
       "Arizona                           171   \n",
       "Arkansas                          110   \n",
       "California                       1275   \n",
       "Colorado                          115   \n",
       "Connecticut                        73   \n",
       "Delaware                           52   \n",
       "District of Columbia              121   \n",
       "Florida                           NaN   \n",
       "Georgia                           464   \n",
       "Hawaii                              4   \n",
       "Idaho                              24   \n",
       "Illinois                          440   \n",
       "Indiana                           209   \n",
       "Iowa                               49   \n",
       "Kansas                             91   \n",
       "Kentucky                          141   \n",
       "Louisiana                         379   \n",
       "Maine                              16   \n",
       "Maryland                          279   \n",
       "Massachusetts                      81   \n",
       "Michigan                          389   \n",
       "Minnesota                          79   \n",
       "Mississippi                       126   \n",
       "Missouri                          418   \n",
       "Montana                            18   \n",
       "Nebraska                           43   \n",
       "Nevada                            113   \n",
       "New Hampshire                       8   \n",
       "New Jersey                        255   \n",
       "New Mexico                         56   \n",
       "New York                          383   \n",
       "North Carolina                    353   \n",
       "North Dakota                        9   \n",
       "Ohio                              316   \n",
       "Oklahoma                          149   \n",
       "Oregon                             34   \n",
       "Pennsylvania                      497   \n",
       "Rhode Island                       10   \n",
       "South Carolina                    312   \n",
       "South Dakota                       12   \n",
       "Tennessee                         297   \n",
       "Texas                             906   \n",
       "Utah                               34   \n",
       "Vermont                             8   \n",
       "Virginia                          275   \n",
       "Washington                        141   \n",
       "West Virginia                      30   \n",
       "Wisconsin                         170   \n",
       "Wyoming                            10   \n",
       "\n",
       "                      GunOwnPer2013  \\\n",
       "State                                 \n",
       "Alabama                        48.9   \n",
       "Alaska                         61.7   \n",
       "Arizona                        32.3   \n",
       "Arkansas                       57.9   \n",
       "California                     20.1   \n",
       "Colorado                       34.3   \n",
       "Connecticut                    16.6   \n",
       "Delaware                        5.2   \n",
       "District of Columbia           25.9   \n",
       "Florida                        32.5   \n",
       "Georgia                        31.6   \n",
       "Hawaii                         45.1   \n",
       "Idaho                          56.9   \n",
       "Illinois                       26.2   \n",
       "Indiana                        33.8   \n",
       "Iowa                           33.8   \n",
       "Kansas                         32.2   \n",
       "Kentucky                       42.4   \n",
       "Louisiana                      44.5   \n",
       "Maine                          22.6   \n",
       "Maryland                       20.7   \n",
       "Massachusetts                  22.6   \n",
       "Michigan                       28.8   \n",
       "Minnesota                      36.7   \n",
       "Mississippi                    42.8   \n",
       "Missouri                       27.1   \n",
       "Montana                        52.3   \n",
       "Nebraska                       19.8   \n",
       "Nevada                         37.5   \n",
       "New Hampshire                  14.4   \n",
       "New Jersey                     11.3   \n",
       "New Mexico                     49.9   \n",
       "New York                       10.3   \n",
       "North Carolina                 28.7   \n",
       "North Dakota                   47.9   \n",
       "Ohio                           19.6   \n",
       "Oklahoma                       31.2   \n",
       "Oregon                         26.6   \n",
       "Pennsylvania                   27.1   \n",
       "Rhode Island                    5.8   \n",
       "South Carolina                 44.4   \n",
       "South Dakota                   35.0   \n",
       "Tennessee                      39.4   \n",
       "Texas                          35.7   \n",
       "Utah                           31.9   \n",
       "Vermont                        28.8   \n",
       "Virginia                       29.3   \n",
       "Washington                     27.7   \n",
       "West Virginia                  54.2   \n",
       "Wisconsin                      34.7   \n",
       "Wyoming                        53.8   \n",
       "\n",
       "                      MurderNMRate_per_100k_2015  \\\n",
       "State                                              \n",
       "Alabama                                     7.20   \n",
       "Alaska                                      8.00   \n",
       "Arizona                                     4.50   \n",
       "Arkansas                                    6.10   \n",
       "California                                  4.80   \n",
       "Colorado                                    3.20   \n",
       "Connecticut                                 3.30   \n",
       "Delaware                                    6.70   \n",
       "District of Columbia                       24.20   \n",
       "Florida                                     5.10   \n",
       "Georgia                                     6.00   \n",
       "Hawaii                                      1.30   \n",
       "Idaho                                       1.90   \n",
       "Illinois                                    5.80   \n",
       "Indiana                                     5.60   \n",
       "Iowa                                        2.30   \n",
       "Kansas                                      4.40   \n",
       "Kentucky                                    4.70   \n",
       "Louisiana                                  10.30   \n",
       "Maine                                       1.70   \n",
       "Maryland                                    8.60   \n",
       "Massachusetts                               1.90   \n",
       "Michigan                                    5.80   \n",
       "Minnesota                                   2.40   \n",
       "Mississippi                                 8.70   \n",
       "Missouri                                    8.30   \n",
       "Montana                                     3.50   \n",
       "Nebraska                                    3.30   \n",
       "Nevada                                      6.20   \n",
       "New Hampshire                               1.10   \n",
       "New Jersey                                  4.10   \n",
       "New Mexico                                  5.60   \n",
       "New York                                    3.10   \n",
       "North Carolina                              5.20   \n",
       "North Dakota                                2.80   \n",
       "Ohio                                        4.30   \n",
       "Oklahoma                                    6.00   \n",
       "Oregon                                      2.50   \n",
       "Pennsylvania                                5.10   \n",
       "Rhode Island                                2.70   \n",
       "South Carolina                              8.20   \n",
       "South Dakota                                3.70   \n",
       "Tennessee                                   6.20   \n",
       "Texas                                       4.80   \n",
       "Utah                                        1.80   \n",
       "Vermont                                     1.60   \n",
       "Virginia                                    4.60   \n",
       "Washington                                  2.90   \n",
       "West Virginia                               3.80   \n",
       "Wisconsin                                   4.20   \n",
       "Wyoming                                     2.56   \n",
       "\n",
       "                     MurderRate_per_100k_2015  \\\n",
       "State                                           \n",
       "Alabama                                   NaN   \n",
       "Alaska                                    7.7   \n",
       "Arizona                                   4.1   \n",
       "Arkansas                                  5.5   \n",
       "California                                4.8   \n",
       "Colorado                                  3.2   \n",
       "Connecticut                               3.0   \n",
       "Delaware                                  6.7   \n",
       "District of Columbia                     24.2   \n",
       "Florida                                   NaN   \n",
       "Georgia                                   5.5   \n",
       "Hawaii                                    1.3   \n",
       "Idaho                                     1.8   \n",
       "Illinois                                  3.9   \n",
       "Indiana                                   4.1   \n",
       "Iowa                                      2.3   \n",
       "Kansas                                    4.3   \n",
       "Kentucky                                  4.7   \n",
       "Louisiana                                10.2   \n",
       "Maine                                     1.7   \n",
       "Maryland                                  6.2   \n",
       "Massachusetts                             1.9   \n",
       "Michigan                                  5.8   \n",
       "Minnesota                                 2.4   \n",
       "Mississippi                               5.3   \n",
       "Missouri                                  8.2   \n",
       "Montana                                   3.5   \n",
       "Nebraska                                  3.2   \n",
       "Nevada                                    6.1   \n",
       "New Hampshire                             1.1   \n",
       "New Jersey                                4.0   \n",
       "New Mexico                                4.5   \n",
       "New York                                  3.1   \n",
       "North Carolina                            5.0   \n",
       "North Dakota                              2.2   \n",
       "Ohio                                      4.1   \n",
       "Oklahoma                                  6.0   \n",
       "Oregon                                    1.8   \n",
       "Pennsylvania                              5.1   \n",
       "Rhode Island                              2.6   \n",
       "South Carolina                            8.0   \n",
       "South Dakota                              3.1   \n",
       "Tennessee                                 6.1   \n",
       "Texas                                     4.7   \n",
       "Utah                                      1.8   \n",
       "Vermont                                   1.6   \n",
       "Virginia                                  4.6   \n",
       "Washington                                2.9   \n",
       "West Virginia                             3.1   \n",
       "Wisconsin                                 4.1   \n",
       "Wyoming                                   2.7   \n",
       "\n",
       "                     GunMurderRate_per_100k_2015  \n",
       "State                                             \n",
       "Alabama                                      NaN  \n",
       "Alaska                                       5.3  \n",
       "Arizona                                      2.5  \n",
       "Arkansas                                     3.7  \n",
       "California                                   3.3  \n",
       "Colorado                                     2.1  \n",
       "Connecticut                                  2.0  \n",
       "Delaware                                     5.5  \n",
       "District of Columbia                        18.0  \n",
       "Florida                                      NaN  \n",
       "Georgia                                      4.5  \n",
       "Hawaii                                       0.3  \n",
       "Idaho                                        1.5  \n",
       "Illinois                                     3.4  \n",
       "Indiana                                      3.2  \n",
       "Iowa                                         1.6  \n",
       "Kansas                                       3.1  \n",
       "Kentucky                                     3.2  \n",
       "Louisiana                                    8.1  \n",
       "Maine                                        1.2  \n",
       "Maryland                                     4.7  \n",
       "Massachusetts                                1.2  \n",
       "Michigan                                     3.9  \n",
       "Minnesota                                    1.4  \n",
       "Mississippi                                  4.2  \n",
       "Missouri                                     6.9  \n",
       "Montana                                      1.7  \n",
       "Nebraska                                     2.3  \n",
       "Nevada                                       3.9  \n",
       "New Hampshire                                0.6  \n",
       "New Jersey                                   2.9  \n",
       "New Mexico                                   2.7  \n",
       "New York                                     1.9  \n",
       "North Carolina                               3.5  \n",
       "North Dakota                                 1.2  \n",
       "Ohio                                         2.7  \n",
       "Oklahoma                                     3.8  \n",
       "Oregon                                       0.8  \n",
       "Pennsylvania                                 3.9  \n",
       "Rhode Island                                 0.9  \n",
       "South Carolina                               6.4  \n",
       "South Dakota                                 1.4  \n",
       "Tennessee                                    4.5  \n",
       "Texas                                        3.3  \n",
       "Utah                                         1.1  \n",
       "Vermont                                      1.3  \n",
       "Virginia                                     3.3  \n",
       "Washington                                   2.0  \n",
       "West Virginia                                1.6  \n",
       "Wisconsin                                    2.9  \n",
       "Wyoming                                      1.7  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "crime.set_index('State')  #setting \"State\" as index  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "id": "5b26e567-cae6-45de-bbfa-08c25e8d76ad",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>State,\\nfederal district,\\nor territory</th>\n",
       "      <th>% High school graduate\\nor higher</th>\n",
       "      <th>High School rank</th>\n",
       "      <th>% Bachelor's degree\\nor higher</th>\n",
       "      <th>Bachelor's rank</th>\n",
       "      <th>% Advanced degree</th>\n",
       "      <th>Advanced rank</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>Montana</td>\n",
       "      <td>93.0%</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.7%</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1%</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>New Hampshire</td>\n",
       "      <td>92.8%</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>36.0%</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.8%</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Minnesota</td>\n",
       "      <td>92.8%</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>34.8%</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.8%</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
       "      <td>92.8%</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.7%</td>\n",
       "      <td>41.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.3%</td>\n",
       "      <td>39.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
       "      <td>92.4%</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.0%</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.4%</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  State,\\nfederal district,\\nor territory  \\\n",
       "0                                 Montana   \n",
       "1                           New Hampshire   \n",
       "2                               Minnesota   \n",
       "3                                 Wyoming   \n",
       "4                                  Alaska   \n",
       "\n",
       "  % High school graduate\\nor higher  \\\n",
       "0                             93.0%   \n",
       "1                             92.8%   \n",
       "2                             92.8%   \n",
       "3                             92.8%   \n",
       "4                             92.4%   \n",
       "\n",
       "   High School rank  \\\n",
       "0               1.0   \n",
       "1               2.0   \n",
       "2               3.0   \n",
       "3               4.0   \n",
       "4               5.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "  % Bachelor's degree\\nor higher  \\\n",
       "0                          30.7%   \n",
       "1                          36.0%   \n",
       "2                          34.8%   \n",
       "3                          26.7%   \n",
       "4                          29.0%   \n",
       "\n",
       "   Bachelor's rank % Advanced degree  \\\n",
       "0             21.0             10.1%   \n",
       "1              9.0             13.8%   \n",
       "2             11.0             11.8%   \n",
       "3             41.0              9.3%   \n",
       "4             28.0             10.4%   \n",
       "\n",
       "   Advanced rank  \n",
       "0           33.0  \n",
       "1           10.0  \n",
       "2           18.0  \n",
       "3           39.0  \n",
       "4           29.0  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "education.head() #first 5 rows"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "id": "6ba3e50f-c2f7-4179-8c39-6a20353b371f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "                    State  \\\n",
      "0                 Montana   \n",
      "1           New Hampshire   \n",
      "2               Minnesota   \n",
      "3                 Wyoming   \n",
      "4                  Alaska   \n",
      "5            North Dakota   \n",
      "6                 Vermont   \n",
      "7                   Maine   \n",
      "8                    Iowa   \n",
      "9                    Utah   \n",
      "10              Wisconsin   \n",
      "11                 Hawaii   \n",
      "12           South Dakota   \n",
      "13               Colorado   \n",
      "14               Nebraska   \n",
      "15             Washington   \n",
      "16                 Kansas   \n",
      "17   District of Columbia   \n",
      "18          Massachusetts   \n",
      "19                  Idaho   \n",
      "20               Michigan   \n",
      "21            Connecticut   \n",
      "22                 Oregon   \n",
      "23           Pennsylvania   \n",
      "24               Maryland   \n",
      "25                   Ohio   \n",
      "26               Delaware   \n",
      "27               Missouri   \n",
      "28             New Jersey   \n",
      "29               Virginia   \n",
      "30               Illinois   \n",
      "31                Indiana   \n",
      "32                Florida   \n",
      "33               Oklahoma   \n",
      "34           Rhode Island   \n",
      "35          United States   \n",
      "36         North Carolina   \n",
      "37         South Carolina   \n",
      "38              Tennessee   \n",
      "39                Georgia   \n",
      "40               New York   \n",
      "41          West Virginia   \n",
      "42                 Nevada   \n",
      "43               Arkansas   \n",
      "44                Alabama   \n",
      "45               Kentucky   \n",
      "46             New Mexico   \n",
      "47              Louisiana   \n",
      "48            Mississippi   \n",
      "49                  Texas   \n",
      "50             California   \n",
      "51                Arizona   \n",
      "\n",
      "   %High school or higher  High School rank  \\\n",
      "0                   93.0%               1.0   \n",
      "1                   92.8%               2.0   \n",
      "2                   92.8%               3.0   \n",
      "3                   92.8%               4.0   \n",
      "4                   92.4%               5.0   \n",
      "5                   92.3%               6.0   \n",
      "6                   92.3%               7.0   \n",
      "7                   92.1%               8.0   \n",
      "8                   91.8%               9.0   \n",
      "9                   91.8%              10.0   \n",
      "10                  91.7%              11.0   \n",
      "11                  91.6%              12.0   \n",
      "12                  91.4%              13.0   \n",
      "13                  91.1%              14.0   \n",
      "14                  90.9%              15.0   \n",
      "15                  90.8%              16.0   \n",
      "16                  90.5%              17.0   \n",
      "17                  90.3%              18.0   \n",
      "18                  90.3%              19.0   \n",
      "19                  90.2%              20.0   \n",
      "20                  90.2%              21.0   \n",
      "21                  90.2%              22.0   \n",
      "22                  76.7%              23.0   \n",
      "23                  89.9%              24.0   \n",
      "24                  89.8%              25.0   \n",
      "25                  89.8%              26.0   \n",
      "26                  89.3%              27.0   \n",
      "27                  89.2%              28.0   \n",
      "28                  89.2%              29.0   \n",
      "29                  89.0%              30.0   \n",
      "30                  88.6%              31.0   \n",
      "31                  88.3%              32.0   \n",
      "32                  87.6%              33.0   \n",
      "33                  87.5%              34.0   \n",
      "34                  87.3%              35.0   \n",
      "35                  87.3%              35.5   \n",
      "36                  86.9%              36.0   \n",
      "37                  86.5%              37.0   \n",
      "38                  86.5%              38.0   \n",
      "39                  86.3%              39.0   \n",
      "40                  86.1%              40.0   \n",
      "41                  85.9%              41.0   \n",
      "42                  85.8%              42.0   \n",
      "43                  85.6%              43.0   \n",
      "44                  85.3%              44.0   \n",
      "45                  85.2%              45.0   \n",
      "46                  85.0%              46.0   \n",
      "47                  84.3%              47.0   \n",
      "48                  83.4%              48.0   \n",
      "49                  82.8%              49.0   \n",
      "50                  82.5%              50.0   \n",
      "51                  82.1%              51.0   \n",
      "\n",
      "   % Bachelors degree or higher  Bachelors rank  \\\n",
      "0                         30.7%            21.0   \n",
      "1                         36.0%             9.0   \n",
      "2                         34.8%            11.0   \n",
      "3                         26.7%            41.0   \n",
      "4                         29.0%            28.0   \n",
      "5                         28.9%            29.0   \n",
      "6                         36.8%             8.0   \n",
      "7                         30.3%            23.0   \n",
      "8                         27.7%            36.0   \n",
      "9                         32.5%            16.0   \n",
      "10                        29.0%            27.0   \n",
      "11                        32.0%            19.0   \n",
      "12                        27.8%            35.0   \n",
      "13                        39.4%             3.0   \n",
      "14                        30.6%            22.0   \n",
      "15                        34.5%            12.0   \n",
      "16                        32.3%            17.0   \n",
      "17                        56.6%             1.0   \n",
      "18                        42.1%             2.0   \n",
      "19                        26.8%            40.0   \n",
      "20                        28.1%            34.0   \n",
      "21                        38.4%             5.0   \n",
      "22                        32.3%            18.0   \n",
      "23                        30.1%            24.0   \n",
      "24                        39.0%             4.0   \n",
      "25                        27.2%            37.0   \n",
      "26                        31.0%            20.0   \n",
      "27                        28.2%            33.0   \n",
      "28                        38.1%             6.0   \n",
      "29                        37.6%             7.0   \n",
      "30                        33.4%            13.0   \n",
      "31                        25.3%            43.0   \n",
      "32                        28.5%            31.0   \n",
      "33                        24.8%            44.0   \n",
      "34                        33.0%            14.0   \n",
      "35                        30.9%            20.5   \n",
      "36                        29.9%            26.0   \n",
      "37                        27.0%            38.0   \n",
      "38                        26.1%            42.0   \n",
      "39                        29.9%            25.0   \n",
      "40                        35.3%            10.0   \n",
      "41                        19.9%            51.0   \n",
      "42                        23.7%            46.0   \n",
      "43                        22.0%            49.0   \n",
      "44                        24.5%            45.0   \n",
      "45                        23.2%            48.0   \n",
      "46                        26.9%            39.0   \n",
      "47                        23.4%            47.0   \n",
      "48                        21.3%            50.0   \n",
      "49                        28.7%            30.0   \n",
      "50                        32.6%            15.0   \n",
      "51                        28.4%            32.0   \n",
      "\n",
      "   % Advanced degree  Advanced rank  \n",
      "0              10.1%           33.0  \n",
      "1              13.8%           10.0  \n",
      "2              11.8%           18.0  \n",
      "3               9.3%           39.0  \n",
      "4              10.4%           29.0  \n",
      "5               7.8%           51.0  \n",
      "6              15.0%            7.0  \n",
      "7              10.9%           24.0  \n",
      "8               9.0%           42.0  \n",
      "9              11.0%           23.0  \n",
      "10              9.9%           35.0  \n",
      "11             10.8%           25.0  \n",
      "12              8.3%           45.0  \n",
      "13             14.6%            9.0  \n",
      "14             10.2%           31.0  \n",
      "15             12.7%           14.0  \n",
      "16             11.7%           20.0  \n",
      "17             32.8%            1.0  \n",
      "18             18.7%            2.0  \n",
      "19              8.5%           43.0  \n",
      "20             11.0%           22.0  \n",
      "21             17.0%            4.0  \n",
      "22             12.2%           16.0  \n",
      "23             11.8%           19.0  \n",
      "24             18.0%            3.0  \n",
      "25             10.2%           32.0  \n",
      "26             12.9%           13.0  \n",
      "27             10.7%           26.0  \n",
      "28             14.7%            8.0  \n",
      "29             16.1%            5.0  \n",
      "30             13.0%           12.0  \n",
      "31              9.2%           40.0  \n",
      "32             10.3%           30.0  \n",
      "33              8.3%           44.0  \n",
      "34             13.1%           11.0  \n",
      "35             11.8%           18.5  \n",
      "36             10.6%           28.0  \n",
      "37              9.8%           36.0  \n",
      "38              9.6%           37.0  \n",
      "39             11.4%           21.0  \n",
      "40             15.4%            6.0  \n",
      "41              7.9%           49.0  \n",
      "42              8.1%           47.0  \n",
      "43              7.9%           50.0  \n",
      "44              9.1%           41.0  \n",
      "45              9.6%           38.0  \n",
      "46             11.8%           17.0  \n",
      "47              8.1%           46.0  \n",
      "48              8.0%           48.0  \n",
      "49              9.9%           34.0  \n",
      "50             12.2%           15.0  \n",
      "51             10.7%           26.0  \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "education = education.set_axis(['State', '%High school or higher', 'High School rank','% Bachelor''s degree or higher' ,'Bachelor''s rank','% Advanced degree','Advanced rank'], axis=1) #change the column names\n",
    "print(education) #print full set"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "id": "bdfa6454-e9c5-4f91-a059-0ca709eb7ba3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "                    State  \\\n",
      "0                 Montana   \n",
      "1           New Hampshire   \n",
      "2               Minnesota   \n",
      "3                 Wyoming   \n",
      "4                  Alaska   \n",
      "5            North Dakota   \n",
      "6                 Vermont   \n",
      "7                   Maine   \n",
      "8                    Iowa   \n",
      "9                    Utah   \n",
      "10              Wisconsin   \n",
      "11                 Hawaii   \n",
      "12           South Dakota   \n",
      "13               Colorado   \n",
      "14               Nebraska   \n",
      "15             Washington   \n",
      "16                 Kansas   \n",
      "17   District of Columbia   \n",
      "18          Massachusetts   \n",
      "19                  Idaho   \n",
      "20               Michigan   \n",
      "21            Connecticut   \n",
      "22                 Oregon   \n",
      "23           Pennsylvania   \n",
      "24               Maryland   \n",
      "25                   Ohio   \n",
      "26               Delaware   \n",
      "27               Missouri   \n",
      "28             New Jersey   \n",
      "29               Virginia   \n",
      "30               Illinois   \n",
      "31                Indiana   \n",
      "32                Florida   \n",
      "33               Oklahoma   \n",
      "34           Rhode Island   \n",
      "35          United States   \n",
      "36         North Carolina   \n",
      "37         South Carolina   \n",
      "38              Tennessee   \n",
      "39                Georgia   \n",
      "40               New York   \n",
      "41          West Virginia   \n",
      "42                 Nevada   \n",
      "43               Arkansas   \n",
      "44                Alabama   \n",
      "45               Kentucky   \n",
      "46             New Mexico   \n",
      "47              Louisiana   \n",
      "48            Mississippi   \n",
      "49                  Texas   \n",
      "50             California   \n",
      "51                Arizona   \n",
      "\n",
      "   %High school or higher  High School rank  \\\n",
      "0                    93.0               1.0   \n",
      "1                    92.8               2.0   \n",
      "2                    92.8               3.0   \n",
      "3                    92.8               4.0   \n",
      "4                    92.4               5.0   \n",
      "5                    92.3               6.0   \n",
      "6                    92.3               7.0   \n",
      "7                    92.1               8.0   \n",
      "8                    91.8               9.0   \n",
      "9                    91.8              10.0   \n",
      "10                   91.7              11.0   \n",
      "11                   91.6              12.0   \n",
      "12                   91.4              13.0   \n",
      "13                   91.1              14.0   \n",
      "14                   90.9              15.0   \n",
      "15                   90.8              16.0   \n",
      "16                   90.5              17.0   \n",
      "17                   90.3              18.0   \n",
      "18                   90.3              19.0   \n",
      "19                   90.2              20.0   \n",
      "20                   90.2              21.0   \n",
      "21                   90.2              22.0   \n",
      "22                   76.7              23.0   \n",
      "23                   89.9              24.0   \n",
      "24                   89.8              25.0   \n",
      "25                   89.8              26.0   \n",
      "26                   89.3              27.0   \n",
      "27                   89.2              28.0   \n",
      "28                   89.2              29.0   \n",
      "29                   89.0              30.0   \n",
      "30                   88.6              31.0   \n",
      "31                   88.3              32.0   \n",
      "32                   87.6              33.0   \n",
      "33                   87.5              34.0   \n",
      "34                   87.3              35.0   \n",
      "35                   87.3              35.5   \n",
      "36                   86.9              36.0   \n",
      "37                   86.5              37.0   \n",
      "38                   86.5              38.0   \n",
      "39                   86.3              39.0   \n",
      "40                   86.1              40.0   \n",
      "41                   85.9              41.0   \n",
      "42                   85.8              42.0   \n",
      "43                   85.6              43.0   \n",
      "44                   85.3              44.0   \n",
      "45                   85.2              45.0   \n",
      "46                   85.0              46.0   \n",
      "47                   84.3              47.0   \n",
      "48                   83.4              48.0   \n",
      "49                   82.8              49.0   \n",
      "50                   82.5              50.0   \n",
      "51                   82.1              51.0   \n",
      "\n",
      "   % Bachelors degree or higher  Bachelors rank  \\\n",
      "0                          30.7            21.0   \n",
      "1                          36.0             9.0   \n",
      "2                          34.8            11.0   \n",
      "3                          26.7            41.0   \n",
      "4                          29.0            28.0   \n",
      "5                          28.9            29.0   \n",
      "6                          36.8             8.0   \n",
      "7                          30.3            23.0   \n",
      "8                          27.7            36.0   \n",
      "9                          32.5            16.0   \n",
      "10                         29.0            27.0   \n",
      "11                         32.0            19.0   \n",
      "12                         27.8            35.0   \n",
      "13                         39.4             3.0   \n",
      "14                         30.6            22.0   \n",
      "15                         34.5            12.0   \n",
      "16                         32.3            17.0   \n",
      "17                         56.6             1.0   \n",
      "18                         42.1             2.0   \n",
      "19                         26.8            40.0   \n",
      "20                         28.1            34.0   \n",
      "21                         38.4             5.0   \n",
      "22                         32.3            18.0   \n",
      "23                         30.1            24.0   \n",
      "24                         39.0             4.0   \n",
      "25                         27.2            37.0   \n",
      "26                         31.0            20.0   \n",
      "27                         28.2            33.0   \n",
      "28                         38.1             6.0   \n",
      "29                         37.6             7.0   \n",
      "30                         33.4            13.0   \n",
      "31                         25.3            43.0   \n",
      "32                         28.5            31.0   \n",
      "33                         24.8            44.0   \n",
      "34                         33.0            14.0   \n",
      "35                         30.9            20.5   \n",
      "36                         29.9            26.0   \n",
      "37                         27.0            38.0   \n",
      "38                         26.1            42.0   \n",
      "39                         29.9            25.0   \n",
      "40                         35.3            10.0   \n",
      "41                         19.9            51.0   \n",
      "42                         23.7            46.0   \n",
      "43                         22.0            49.0   \n",
      "44                         24.5            45.0   \n",
      "45                         23.2            48.0   \n",
      "46                         26.9            39.0   \n",
      "47                         23.4            47.0   \n",
      "48                         21.3            50.0   \n",
      "49                         28.7            30.0   \n",
      "50                         32.6            15.0   \n",
      "51                         28.4            32.0   \n",
      "\n",
      "   % Advanced degree  Advanced rank  \n",
      "0               10.1           33.0  \n",
      "1               13.8           10.0  \n",
      "2               11.8           18.0  \n",
      "3                9.3           39.0  \n",
      "4               10.4           29.0  \n",
      "5                7.8           51.0  \n",
      "6               15.0            7.0  \n",
      "7               10.9           24.0  \n",
      "8                9.0           42.0  \n",
      "9               11.0           23.0  \n",
      "10               9.9           35.0  \n",
      "11              10.8           25.0  \n",
      "12               8.3           45.0  \n",
      "13              14.6            9.0  \n",
      "14              10.2           31.0  \n",
      "15              12.7           14.0  \n",
      "16              11.7           20.0  \n",
      "17              32.8            1.0  \n",
      "18              18.7            2.0  \n",
      "19               8.5           43.0  \n",
      "20              11.0           22.0  \n",
      "21              17.0            4.0  \n",
      "22              12.2           16.0  \n",
      "23              11.8           19.0  \n",
      "24              18.0            3.0  \n",
      "25              10.2           32.0  \n",
      "26              12.9           13.0  \n",
      "27              10.7           26.0  \n",
      "28              14.7            8.0  \n",
      "29              16.1            5.0  \n",
      "30              13.0           12.0  \n",
      "31               9.2           40.0  \n",
      "32              10.3           30.0  \n",
      "33               8.3           44.0  \n",
      "34              13.1           11.0  \n",
      "35              11.8           18.5  \n",
      "36              10.6           28.0  \n",
      "37               9.8           36.0  \n",
      "38               9.6           37.0  \n",
      "39              11.4           21.0  \n",
      "40              15.4            6.0  \n",
      "41               7.9           49.0  \n",
      "42               8.1           47.0  \n",
      "43               7.9           50.0  \n",
      "44               9.1           41.0  \n",
      "45               9.6           38.0  \n",
      "46              11.8           17.0  \n",
      "47               8.1           46.0  \n",
      "48               8.0           48.0  \n",
      "49               9.9           34.0  \n",
      "50              12.2           15.0  \n",
      "51              10.7           26.0  \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#some data end with a % sign. This could be a problem in calculations\n",
    "#line 35 seems to contain the data all states \"United States\"   \n",
    "\n",
    "education = education.replace(to_replace ='%', value = '', regex = True) # remove %\n",
    "print(education) # check if % got removed"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "id": "b4f66320",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "education = education.drop([35]) #delete row 35 \"United States\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "id": "03ed99b1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "                    State  \\\n",
      "0                 Montana   \n",
      "1           New Hampshire   \n",
      "2               Minnesota   \n",
      "3                 Wyoming   \n",
      "4                  Alaska   \n",
      "5            North Dakota   \n",
      "6                 Vermont   \n",
      "7                   Maine   \n",
      "8                    Iowa   \n",
      "9                    Utah   \n",
      "10              Wisconsin   \n",
      "11                 Hawaii   \n",
      "12           South Dakota   \n",
      "13               Colorado   \n",
      "14               Nebraska   \n",
      "15             Washington   \n",
      "16                 Kansas   \n",
      "17   District of Columbia   \n",
      "18          Massachusetts   \n",
      "19                  Idaho   \n",
      "20               Michigan   \n",
      "21            Connecticut   \n",
      "22                 Oregon   \n",
      "23           Pennsylvania   \n",
      "24               Maryland   \n",
      "25                   Ohio   \n",
      "26               Delaware   \n",
      "27               Missouri   \n",
      "28             New Jersey   \n",
      "29               Virginia   \n",
      "30               Illinois   \n",
      "31                Indiana   \n",
      "32                Florida   \n",
      "33               Oklahoma   \n",
      "34           Rhode Island   \n",
      "36         North Carolina   \n",
      "37         South Carolina   \n",
      "38              Tennessee   \n",
      "39                Georgia   \n",
      "40               New York   \n",
      "41          West Virginia   \n",
      "42                 Nevada   \n",
      "43               Arkansas   \n",
      "44                Alabama   \n",
      "45               Kentucky   \n",
      "46             New Mexico   \n",
      "47              Louisiana   \n",
      "48            Mississippi   \n",
      "49                  Texas   \n",
      "50             California   \n",
      "51                Arizona   \n",
      "\n",
      "   %High school or higher  High School rank  \\\n",
      "0                    93.0               1.0   \n",
      "1                    92.8               2.0   \n",
      "2                    92.8               3.0   \n",
      "3                    92.8               4.0   \n",
      "4                    92.4               5.0   \n",
      "5                    92.3               6.0   \n",
      "6                    92.3               7.0   \n",
      "7                    92.1               8.0   \n",
      "8                    91.8               9.0   \n",
      "9                    91.8              10.0   \n",
      "10                   91.7              11.0   \n",
      "11                   91.6              12.0   \n",
      "12                   91.4              13.0   \n",
      "13                   91.1              14.0   \n",
      "14                   90.9              15.0   \n",
      "15                   90.8              16.0   \n",
      "16                   90.5              17.0   \n",
      "17                   90.3              18.0   \n",
      "18                   90.3              19.0   \n",
      "19                   90.2              20.0   \n",
      "20                   90.2              21.0   \n",
      "21                   90.2              22.0   \n",
      "22                   76.7              23.0   \n",
      "23                   89.9              24.0   \n",
      "24                   89.8              25.0   \n",
      "25                   89.8              26.0   \n",
      "26                   89.3              27.0   \n",
      "27                   89.2              28.0   \n",
      "28                   89.2              29.0   \n",
      "29                   89.0              30.0   \n",
      "30                   88.6              31.0   \n",
      "31                   88.3              32.0   \n",
      "32                   87.6              33.0   \n",
      "33                   87.5              34.0   \n",
      "34                   87.3              35.0   \n",
      "36                   86.9              36.0   \n",
      "37                   86.5              37.0   \n",
      "38                   86.5              38.0   \n",
      "39                   86.3              39.0   \n",
      "40                   86.1              40.0   \n",
      "41                   85.9              41.0   \n",
      "42                   85.8              42.0   \n",
      "43                   85.6              43.0   \n",
      "44                   85.3              44.0   \n",
      "45                   85.2              45.0   \n",
      "46                   85.0              46.0   \n",
      "47                   84.3              47.0   \n",
      "48                   83.4              48.0   \n",
      "49                   82.8              49.0   \n",
      "50                   82.5              50.0   \n",
      "51                   82.1              51.0   \n",
      "\n",
      "   % Bachelors degree or higher  Bachelors rank  \\\n",
      "0                          30.7            21.0   \n",
      "1                          36.0             9.0   \n",
      "2                          34.8            11.0   \n",
      "3                          26.7            41.0   \n",
      "4                          29.0            28.0   \n",
      "5                          28.9            29.0   \n",
      "6                          36.8             8.0   \n",
      "7                          30.3            23.0   \n",
      "8                          27.7            36.0   \n",
      "9                          32.5            16.0   \n",
      "10                         29.0            27.0   \n",
      "11                         32.0            19.0   \n",
      "12                         27.8            35.0   \n",
      "13                         39.4             3.0   \n",
      "14                         30.6            22.0   \n",
      "15                         34.5            12.0   \n",
      "16                         32.3            17.0   \n",
      "17                         56.6             1.0   \n",
      "18                         42.1             2.0   \n",
      "19                         26.8            40.0   \n",
      "20                         28.1            34.0   \n",
      "21                         38.4             5.0   \n",
      "22                         32.3            18.0   \n",
      "23                         30.1            24.0   \n",
      "24                         39.0             4.0   \n",
      "25                         27.2            37.0   \n",
      "26                         31.0            20.0   \n",
      "27                         28.2            33.0   \n",
      "28                         38.1             6.0   \n",
      "29                         37.6             7.0   \n",
      "30                         33.4            13.0   \n",
      "31                         25.3            43.0   \n",
      "32                         28.5            31.0   \n",
      "33                         24.8            44.0   \n",
      "34                         33.0            14.0   \n",
      "36                         29.9            26.0   \n",
      "37                         27.0            38.0   \n",
      "38                         26.1            42.0   \n",
      "39                         29.9            25.0   \n",
      "40                         35.3            10.0   \n",
      "41                         19.9            51.0   \n",
      "42                         23.7            46.0   \n",
      "43                         22.0            49.0   \n",
      "44                         24.5            45.0   \n",
      "45                         23.2            48.0   \n",
      "46                         26.9            39.0   \n",
      "47                         23.4            47.0   \n",
      "48                         21.3            50.0   \n",
      "49                         28.7            30.0   \n",
      "50                         32.6            15.0   \n",
      "51                         28.4            32.0   \n",
      "\n",
      "   % Advanced degree  Advanced rank  \n",
      "0               10.1           33.0  \n",
      "1               13.8           10.0  \n",
      "2               11.8           18.0  \n",
      "3                9.3           39.0  \n",
      "4               10.4           29.0  \n",
      "5                7.8           51.0  \n",
      "6               15.0            7.0  \n",
      "7               10.9           24.0  \n",
      "8                9.0           42.0  \n",
      "9               11.0           23.0  \n",
      "10               9.9           35.0  \n",
      "11              10.8           25.0  \n",
      "12               8.3           45.0  \n",
      "13              14.6            9.0  \n",
      "14              10.2           31.0  \n",
      "15              12.7           14.0  \n",
      "16              11.7           20.0  \n",
      "17              32.8            1.0  \n",
      "18              18.7            2.0  \n",
      "19               8.5           43.0  \n",
      "20              11.0           22.0  \n",
      "21              17.0            4.0  \n",
      "22              12.2           16.0  \n",
      "23              11.8           19.0  \n",
      "24              18.0            3.0  \n",
      "25              10.2           32.0  \n",
      "26              12.9           13.0  \n",
      "27              10.7           26.0  \n",
      "28              14.7            8.0  \n",
      "29              16.1            5.0  \n",
      "30              13.0           12.0  \n",
      "31               9.2           40.0  \n",
      "32              10.3           30.0  \n",
      "33               8.3           44.0  \n",
      "34              13.1           11.0  \n",
      "36              10.6           28.0  \n",
      "37               9.8           36.0  \n",
      "38               9.6           37.0  \n",
      "39              11.4           21.0  \n",
      "40              15.4            6.0  \n",
      "41               7.9           49.0  \n",
      "42               8.1           47.0  \n",
      "43               7.9           50.0  \n",
      "44               9.1           41.0  \n",
      "45               9.6           38.0  \n",
      "46              11.8           17.0  \n",
      "47               8.1           46.0  \n",
      "48               8.0           48.0  \n",
      "49               9.9           34.0  \n",
      "50              12.2           15.0  \n",
      "51              10.7           26.0  \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(education)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "id": "1fefa8e7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "                    State  \\\n",
      "0                 Montana   \n",
      "1           New Hampshire   \n",
      "2               Minnesota   \n",
      "3                 Wyoming   \n",
      "4                  Alaska   \n",
      "5            North Dakota   \n",
      "6                 Vermont   \n",
      "7                   Maine   \n",
      "8                    Iowa   \n",
      "9                    Utah   \n",
      "10              Wisconsin   \n",
      "11                 Hawaii   \n",
      "12           South Dakota   \n",
      "13               Colorado   \n",
      "14               Nebraska   \n",
      "15             Washington   \n",
      "16                 Kansas   \n",
      "17   District of Columbia   \n",
      "18          Massachusetts   \n",
      "19                  Idaho   \n",
      "20               Michigan   \n",
      "21            Connecticut   \n",
      "22                 Oregon   \n",
      "23           Pennsylvania   \n",
      "24               Maryland   \n",
      "25                   Ohio   \n",
      "26               Delaware   \n",
      "27               Missouri   \n",
      "28             New Jersey   \n",
      "29               Virginia   \n",
      "30               Illinois   \n",
      "31                Indiana   \n",
      "32                Florida   \n",
      "33               Oklahoma   \n",
      "34           Rhode Island   \n",
      "35         North Carolina   \n",
      "36         South Carolina   \n",
      "37              Tennessee   \n",
      "38                Georgia   \n",
      "39               New York   \n",
      "40          West Virginia   \n",
      "41                 Nevada   \n",
      "42               Arkansas   \n",
      "43                Alabama   \n",
      "44               Kentucky   \n",
      "45             New Mexico   \n",
      "46              Louisiana   \n",
      "47            Mississippi   \n",
      "48                  Texas   \n",
      "49             California   \n",
      "50                Arizona   \n",
      "\n",
      "   %High school or higher  High School rank  \\\n",
      "0                    93.0               1.0   \n",
      "1                    92.8               2.0   \n",
      "2                    92.8               3.0   \n",
      "3                    92.8               4.0   \n",
      "4                    92.4               5.0   \n",
      "5                    92.3               6.0   \n",
      "6                    92.3               7.0   \n",
      "7                    92.1               8.0   \n",
      "8                    91.8               9.0   \n",
      "9                    91.8              10.0   \n",
      "10                   91.7              11.0   \n",
      "11                   91.6              12.0   \n",
      "12                   91.4              13.0   \n",
      "13                   91.1              14.0   \n",
      "14                   90.9              15.0   \n",
      "15                   90.8              16.0   \n",
      "16                   90.5              17.0   \n",
      "17                   90.3              18.0   \n",
      "18                   90.3              19.0   \n",
      "19                   90.2              20.0   \n",
      "20                   90.2              21.0   \n",
      "21                   90.2              22.0   \n",
      "22                   76.7              23.0   \n",
      "23                   89.9              24.0   \n",
      "24                   89.8              25.0   \n",
      "25                   89.8              26.0   \n",
      "26                   89.3              27.0   \n",
      "27                   89.2              28.0   \n",
      "28                   89.2              29.0   \n",
      "29                   89.0              30.0   \n",
      "30                   88.6              31.0   \n",
      "31                   88.3              32.0   \n",
      "32                   87.6              33.0   \n",
      "33                   87.5              34.0   \n",
      "34                   87.3              35.0   \n",
      "35                   86.9              36.0   \n",
      "36                   86.5              37.0   \n",
      "37                   86.5              38.0   \n",
      "38                   86.3              39.0   \n",
      "39                   86.1              40.0   \n",
      "40                   85.9              41.0   \n",
      "41                   85.8              42.0   \n",
      "42                   85.6              43.0   \n",
      "43                   85.3              44.0   \n",
      "44                   85.2              45.0   \n",
      "45                   85.0              46.0   \n",
      "46                   84.3              47.0   \n",
      "47                   83.4              48.0   \n",
      "48                   82.8              49.0   \n",
      "49                   82.5              50.0   \n",
      "50                   82.1              51.0   \n",
      "\n",
      "   % Bachelors degree or higher  Bachelors rank  \\\n",
      "0                          30.7            21.0   \n",
      "1                          36.0             9.0   \n",
      "2                          34.8            11.0   \n",
      "3                          26.7            41.0   \n",
      "4                          29.0            28.0   \n",
      "5                          28.9            29.0   \n",
      "6                          36.8             8.0   \n",
      "7                          30.3            23.0   \n",
      "8                          27.7            36.0   \n",
      "9                          32.5            16.0   \n",
      "10                         29.0            27.0   \n",
      "11                         32.0            19.0   \n",
      "12                         27.8            35.0   \n",
      "13                         39.4             3.0   \n",
      "14                         30.6            22.0   \n",
      "15                         34.5            12.0   \n",
      "16                         32.3            17.0   \n",
      "17                         56.6             1.0   \n",
      "18                         42.1             2.0   \n",
      "19                         26.8            40.0   \n",
      "20                         28.1            34.0   \n",
      "21                         38.4             5.0   \n",
      "22                         32.3            18.0   \n",
      "23                         30.1            24.0   \n",
      "24                         39.0             4.0   \n",
      "25                         27.2            37.0   \n",
      "26                         31.0            20.0   \n",
      "27                         28.2            33.0   \n",
      "28                         38.1             6.0   \n",
      "29                         37.6             7.0   \n",
      "30                         33.4            13.0   \n",
      "31                         25.3            43.0   \n",
      "32                         28.5            31.0   \n",
      "33                         24.8            44.0   \n",
      "34                         33.0            14.0   \n",
      "35                         29.9            26.0   \n",
      "36                         27.0            38.0   \n",
      "37                         26.1            42.0   \n",
      "38                         29.9            25.0   \n",
      "39                         35.3            10.0   \n",
      "40                         19.9            51.0   \n",
      "41                         23.7            46.0   \n",
      "42                         22.0            49.0   \n",
      "43                         24.5            45.0   \n",
      "44                         23.2            48.0   \n",
      "45                         26.9            39.0   \n",
      "46                         23.4            47.0   \n",
      "47                         21.3            50.0   \n",
      "48                         28.7            30.0   \n",
      "49                         32.6            15.0   \n",
      "50                         28.4            32.0   \n",
      "\n",
      "   % Advanced degree  Advanced rank  \n",
      "0               10.1           33.0  \n",
      "1               13.8           10.0  \n",
      "2               11.8           18.0  \n",
      "3                9.3           39.0  \n",
      "4               10.4           29.0  \n",
      "5                7.8           51.0  \n",
      "6               15.0            7.0  \n",
      "7               10.9           24.0  \n",
      "8                9.0           42.0  \n",
      "9               11.0           23.0  \n",
      "10               9.9           35.0  \n",
      "11              10.8           25.0  \n",
      "12               8.3           45.0  \n",
      "13              14.6            9.0  \n",
      "14              10.2           31.0  \n",
      "15              12.7           14.0  \n",
      "16              11.7           20.0  \n",
      "17              32.8            1.0  \n",
      "18              18.7            2.0  \n",
      "19               8.5           43.0  \n",
      "20              11.0           22.0  \n",
      "21              17.0            4.0  \n",
      "22              12.2           16.0  \n",
      "23              11.8           19.0  \n",
      "24              18.0            3.0  \n",
      "25              10.2           32.0  \n",
      "26              12.9           13.0  \n",
      "27              10.7           26.0  \n",
      "28              14.7            8.0  \n",
      "29              16.1            5.0  \n",
      "30              13.0           12.0  \n",
      "31               9.2           40.0  \n",
      "32              10.3           30.0  \n",
      "33               8.3           44.0  \n",
      "34              13.1           11.0  \n",
      "35              10.6           28.0  \n",
      "36               9.8           36.0  \n",
      "37               9.6           37.0  \n",
      "38              11.4           21.0  \n",
      "39              15.4            6.0  \n",
      "40               7.9           49.0  \n",
      "41               8.1           47.0  \n",
      "42               7.9           50.0  \n",
      "43               9.1           41.0  \n",
      "44               9.6           38.0  \n",
      "45              11.8           17.0  \n",
      "46               8.1           46.0  \n",
      "47               8.0           48.0  \n",
      "48               9.9           34.0  \n",
      "49              12.2           15.0  \n",
      "50              10.7           26.0  \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#the index broke between 34 and 35\n",
    "education = education.reset_index(drop=True) #reset the index\n",
    "print(education) #checking full set"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "id": "49dc786b-75e6-4d1e-80df-25a19bf6afac",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Rank</th>\n",
       "      <th>State</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2017</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2016</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2015</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2014</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2013</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2012</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2011</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2010</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2009</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2008</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2007</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>District of Columbia</td>\n",
       "      <td>82336</td>\n",
       "      <td>75506</td>\n",
       "      <td>75628</td>\n",
       "      <td>71648</td>\n",
       "      <td>67572</td>\n",
       "      <td>65246</td>\n",
       "      <td>66583</td>\n",
       "      <td>63124</td>\n",
       "      <td>59290</td>\n",
       "      <td>57936</td>\n",
       "      <td>54317</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Maryland</td>\n",
       "      <td>80776</td>\n",
       "      <td>78945</td>\n",
       "      <td>75847</td>\n",
       "      <td>73971</td>\n",
       "      <td>72483</td>\n",
       "      <td>71836</td>\n",
       "      <td>70004</td>\n",
       "      <td>68854</td>\n",
       "      <td>69272</td>\n",
       "      <td>70545</td>\n",
       "      <td>68080</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>New Jersey</td>\n",
       "      <td>80088</td>\n",
       "      <td>76126</td>\n",
       "      <td>72222</td>\n",
       "      <td>72919</td>\n",
       "      <td>70165</td>\n",
       "      <td>69667</td>\n",
       "      <td>67458</td>\n",
       "      <td>67681</td>\n",
       "      <td>68342</td>\n",
       "      <td>70373</td>\n",
       "      <td>67035</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hawaii</td>\n",
       "      <td>77765</td>\n",
       "      <td>74511</td>\n",
       "      <td>73486</td>\n",
       "      <td>69592</td>\n",
       "      <td>68020</td>\n",
       "      <td>66259</td>\n",
       "      <td>61821</td>\n",
       "      <td>63030</td>\n",
       "      <td>64098</td>\n",
       "      <td>67214</td>\n",
       "      <td>63746</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Massachusetts</td>\n",
       "      <td>77385</td>\n",
       "      <td>75297</td>\n",
       "      <td>70628</td>\n",
       "      <td>69160</td>\n",
       "      <td>66768</td>\n",
       "      <td>65339</td>\n",
       "      <td>62859</td>\n",
       "      <td>62072</td>\n",
       "      <td>64081</td>\n",
       "      <td>65401</td>\n",
       "      <td>62365</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   Rank                 State  Income2017  \\\n",
       "0     1  District of Columbia       82336   \n",
       "1     2              Maryland       80776   \n",
       "2     3            New Jersey       80088   \n",
       "3     4                Hawaii       77765   \n",
       "4     5         Massachusetts       77385   \n",
       "\n",
       "   Income2016  Income2015  Income2014  \\\n",
       "0       75506       75628       71648   \n",
       "1       78945       75847       73971   \n",
       "2       76126       72222       72919   \n",
       "3       74511       73486       69592   \n",
       "4       75297       70628       69160   \n",
       "\n",
       "   Income2013  Income2012  Income2011  \\\n",
       "0       67572       65246       66583   \n",
       "1       72483       71836       70004   \n",
       "2       70165       69667       67458   \n",
       "3       68020       66259       61821   \n",
       "4       66768       65339       62859   \n",
       "\n",
       "   Income2010  Income2009  Income2008  \\\n",
       "0       63124       59290       57936   \n",
       "1       68854       69272       70545   \n",
       "2       67681       68342       70373   \n",
       "3       63030       64098       67214   \n",
       "4       62072       64081       65401   \n",
       "\n",
       "   Income2007  \n",
       "0       54317  \n",
       "1       68080  \n",
       "2       67035  \n",
       "3       63746  \n",
       "4       62365  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 24,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "income_xls.head() #first 5 rows"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "id": "06b95d9e-e7dc-44f3-8631-6507e1e6d47f",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "    Rank                 State  Income2017  \\\n",
      "0      1  District of Columbia       82336   \n",
      "1      2              Maryland       80776   \n",
      "2      3            New Jersey       80088   \n",
      "3      4                Hawaii       77765   \n",
      "4      5         Massachusetts       77385   \n",
      "5      6           Connecticut       74168   \n",
      "6      7         New Hampshire       73381   \n",
      "7      8                Alaska       73181   \n",
      "8      9            California       71805   \n",
      "9     10              Virginia       71535   \n",
      "10    11            Washington       70979   \n",
      "11    12              Colorado       69117   \n",
      "12    13             Minnesota       68388   \n",
      "13    14                  Utah       68358   \n",
      "14    15              New York       64894   \n",
      "15    16          Rhode Island       63870   \n",
      "16    17              Illinois       62992   \n",
      "17    18              Delaware       62852   \n",
      "18    19          North Dakota       61843   \n",
      "19    20               Wyoming       60434   \n",
      "20    21                Oregon       60212   \n",
      "21    22              Nebraska       59970   \n",
      "22    23             Wisconsin       59305   \n",
      "23    24                 Texas       59206   \n",
      "24    25          Pennsylvania       59195   \n",
      "25    26                  Iowa       58570   \n",
      "26    27                Nevada       58003   \n",
      "27    28               Vermont       57513   \n",
      "28    29               Arizona       56581   \n",
      "29    30          South Dakota       56894   \n",
      "30    31                Kansas       56422   \n",
      "31    32                 Maine       56277   \n",
      "32    33               Georgia       56183   \n",
      "33    34              Michigan       54909   \n",
      "34    35               Indiana       54181   \n",
      "35    36                  Ohio       54021   \n",
      "36    37              Missouri       53578   \n",
      "37    38               Montana       53386   \n",
      "38    39        North Carolina       52752   \n",
      "39    40               Florida       52594   \n",
      "40    41                 Idaho       52225   \n",
      "41    42             Tennessee       51340   \n",
      "42    43        South Carolina       50570   \n",
      "43    44              Oklahoma       50051   \n",
      "44    45              Kentucky       48375   \n",
      "45    46               Alabama       48123   \n",
      "46    47            New Mexico       46744   \n",
      "47    48             Louisiana       46145   \n",
      "48    49              Arkansas       45869   \n",
      "49    50           Mississippi       43529   \n",
      "50    51         West Virginia       43469   \n",
      "\n",
      "    Income2016  Income2015  Income2014  \\\n",
      "0        75506       75628       71648   \n",
      "1        78945       75847       73971   \n",
      "2        76126       72222       72919   \n",
      "3        74511       73486       69592   \n",
      "4        75297       70628       69160   \n",
      "5        73433       71346       70048   \n",
      "6        70936       70303       66532   \n",
      "7        76440       73355       71583   \n",
      "8        67739       64500       61933   \n",
      "9        68114       66262       64902   \n",
      "10       67106       64129       61366   \n",
      "11       65685       63909       61303   \n",
      "12       65599       63488       61481   \n",
      "13       65977       62912       60922   \n",
      "14       62909       60850       58878   \n",
      "15       60596       58073       54891   \n",
      "16       60960       59588       57444   \n",
      "17       61757       61255       59716   \n",
      "18       60656       60557       59029   \n",
      "19       59882       60214       57055   \n",
      "20       57532       54148       51075   \n",
      "21       56927       54996       52686   \n",
      "22       56811       55638       52622   \n",
      "23       56565       55653       53035   \n",
      "24       56907       55702       53234   \n",
      "25       56247       54736       53712   \n",
      "26       55180       52431       51450   \n",
      "27       57677       56990       54166   \n",
      "28       53558       51492       50068   \n",
      "29       54467       53017       50979   \n",
      "30       54935       53906       52504   \n",
      "31       53079       51494       49462   \n",
      "32       53559       51244       49321   \n",
      "33       52492       51084       49847   \n",
      "34       52314       50532       49446   \n",
      "35       52334       51075       49308   \n",
      "36       51746       50238       48363   \n",
      "37       50027       49509       46328   \n",
      "38       50584       47830       46556   \n",
      "39       50860       49426       47463   \n",
      "40       51807       48275       47861   \n",
      "41       48547       47275       44361   \n",
      "42       49501       47238       45238   \n",
      "43       49176       48568       47529   \n",
      "44       46659       44765       42958   \n",
      "45       46257       44765       42830   \n",
      "46       46748       45382       44803   \n",
      "47       45146       45727       44555   \n",
      "48       45907       42798       44922   \n",
      "49       41754       40593       39680   \n",
      "50       43385       42019       41059   \n",
      "\n",
      "    Income2013  Income2012  Income2011  \\\n",
      "0        67572       65246       66583   \n",
      "1        72483       71836       70004   \n",
      "2        70165       69667       67458   \n",
      "3        68020       66259       61821   \n",
      "4        66768       65339       62859   \n",
      "5        67098       67276       65753   \n",
      "6        64230       63280       62647   \n",
      "7        72237       67712       67825   \n",
      "8        60190       58328       57287   \n",
      "9        62666       61741       61882   \n",
      "10       58405       57573       56835   \n",
      "11       58823       56765       55387   \n",
      "12       60702       58906       56954   \n",
      "13       59770       57049       55869   \n",
      "14       57369       56448       55246   \n",
      "15       55902       54554       53636   \n",
      "16       56210       55137       53234   \n",
      "17       57846       54554       58814   \n",
      "18       55759       53585       51704   \n",
      "19       58752       54901       56322   \n",
      "20       50251       49161       46816   \n",
      "21       51440       50723       50296   \n",
      "22       51467       51059       50395   \n",
      "23       51704       50740       49392   \n",
      "24       52007       51230       50228   \n",
      "25       52229       50957       49427   \n",
      "26       51230       49760       48927   \n",
      "27       52578       52997       52776   \n",
      "28       48510       47826       46709   \n",
      "29       48947       48362       48321   \n",
      "30       50972       50241       48264   \n",
      "31       46974       46709       46033   \n",
      "32       47829       47209       46007   \n",
      "33       48273       46859       45981   \n",
      "34       47529       46974       46438   \n",
      "35       48081       46829       45749   \n",
      "36       46931       45321       45247   \n",
      "37       46972       45076       44222   \n",
      "38       45906       45150       43916   \n",
      "39       46036       45040       44299   \n",
      "40       46783       45489       43341   \n",
      "41       44297       42764       41693   \n",
      "42       44163       43107       43916   \n",
      "43       45690       44312       43225   \n",
      "44       43399       41724       41141   \n",
      "45       42849       41574       41415   \n",
      "46       43872       42558       41963   \n",
      "47       44164       42944       41734   \n",
      "48       39376       39018       41302   \n",
      "49       37963       37095       36919   \n",
      "50       41253       40196       38482   \n",
      "\n",
      "    Income2010  Income2009  Income2008  \\\n",
      "0        63124       59290       57936   \n",
      "1        68854       69272       70545   \n",
      "2        67681       68342       70373   \n",
      "3        63030       64098       67214   \n",
      "4        62072       64081       65401   \n",
      "5        64032       67034       68595   \n",
      "6        61042       60567       63731   \n",
      "7        64576       66953       68460   \n",
      "8        57708       58931       61021   \n",
      "9        60674       59330       61233   \n",
      "10       55631       56548       58078   \n",
      "11       54046       55430       56993   \n",
      "12       55459       55616       57288   \n",
      "13       54744       55117       56633   \n",
      "14       54148       54659       56013   \n",
      "15       52254       54119       55701   \n",
      "16       52972       53966       56235   \n",
      "17       55847       56860       57989   \n",
      "18       48670       47827       46032   \n",
      "19       53512       52664       53207   \n",
      "20       46560       48457       50169   \n",
      "21       52504       48408       49693   \n",
      "22       49001       49993       52094   \n",
      "23       48615       48259       50043   \n",
      "24       49288       49520       50713   \n",
      "25       47961       48044       48980   \n",
      "26       51001       53341       56361   \n",
      "27       49406       51618       52104   \n",
      "28       46789       48745       50958   \n",
      "29       45904       45043       46032   \n",
      "30       48257       47817       50177   \n",
      "31       45815       45734       46581   \n",
      "32       46430       44736       50861   \n",
      "33       45413       45255       48591   \n",
      "34       44613       45424       47966   \n",
      "35       45090       45395       47988   \n",
      "36       44301       45229       46867   \n",
      "37       42666       42322       43654   \n",
      "38       43326       43674       46549   \n",
      "39       44409       44736       47778   \n",
      "40       43490       44926       47576   \n",
      "41       41461       41725       43614   \n",
      "42       42018       42442       44625   \n",
      "43       42072       41664       42822   \n",
      "44       40062       40072       41538   \n",
      "45       40474       40489       42666   \n",
      "46       42090       43028       43508   \n",
      "47       42505       42429       43733   \n",
      "48       38587       36538       39586   \n",
      "49       36851       36646       37790   \n",
      "50       37218       37435       37989   \n",
      "\n",
      "    Income2007  \n",
      "0        54317  \n",
      "1        68080  \n",
      "2        67035  \n",
      "3        63746  \n",
      "4        62365  \n",
      "5        65967  \n",
      "6        62369  \n",
      "7        64333  \n",
      "8        59948  \n",
      "9        59562  \n",
      "10       55212  \n",
      "11       55212  \n",
      "12       55802  \n",
      "13       55109  \n",
      "14       53514  \n",
      "15       53568  \n",
      "16       54124  \n",
      "17       54610  \n",
      "18       43531  \n",
      "19       51731  \n",
      "20       48730  \n",
      "21       47085  \n",
      "22       50578  \n",
      "23       47548  \n",
      "24       48576  \n",
      "25       47292  \n",
      "26       55062  \n",
      "27       49907  \n",
      "28       49889  \n",
      "29       43424  \n",
      "30       47451  \n",
      "31       45888  \n",
      "32       49136  \n",
      "33       47950  \n",
      "34       47448  \n",
      "35       46597  \n",
      "36       45114  \n",
      "37       43531  \n",
      "38       44670  \n",
      "39       47804  \n",
      "40       46253  \n",
      "41       42367  \n",
      "42       43329  \n",
      "43       41567  \n",
      "44       40267  \n",
      "45       40554  \n",
      "46       41452  \n",
      "47       40926  \n",
      "48       38134  \n",
      "49       36338  \n",
      "50       37060  \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#first 5 rows look fine\n",
    "print(income_xls) #print full set"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "id": "b3ebcc4a-3c73-4ca9-a065-a1438d42eb22",
   "metadata": {
    "tags": []
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Rank</th>\n",
       "      <th>State</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2017</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2016</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2015</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2014</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2013</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2012</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2011</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2010</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2009</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2008</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2007</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>District of Columbia</td>\n",
       "      <td>82336</td>\n",
       "      <td>75506</td>\n",
       "      <td>75628</td>\n",
       "      <td>71648</td>\n",
       "      <td>67572</td>\n",
       "      <td>65246</td>\n",
       "      <td>66583</td>\n",
       "      <td>63124</td>\n",
       "      <td>59290</td>\n",
       "      <td>57936</td>\n",
       "      <td>54317</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>Maryland</td>\n",
       "      <td>80776</td>\n",
       "      <td>78945</td>\n",
       "      <td>75847</td>\n",
       "      <td>73971</td>\n",
       "      <td>72483</td>\n",
       "      <td>71836</td>\n",
       "      <td>70004</td>\n",
       "      <td>68854</td>\n",
       "      <td>69272</td>\n",
       "      <td>70545</td>\n",
       "      <td>68080</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>New Jersey</td>\n",
       "      <td>80088</td>\n",
       "      <td>76126</td>\n",
       "      <td>72222</td>\n",
       "      <td>72919</td>\n",
       "      <td>70165</td>\n",
       "      <td>69667</td>\n",
       "      <td>67458</td>\n",
       "      <td>67681</td>\n",
       "      <td>68342</td>\n",
       "      <td>70373</td>\n",
       "      <td>67035</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>Hawaii</td>\n",
       "      <td>77765</td>\n",
       "      <td>74511</td>\n",
       "      <td>73486</td>\n",
       "      <td>69592</td>\n",
       "      <td>68020</td>\n",
       "      <td>66259</td>\n",
       "      <td>61821</td>\n",
       "      <td>63030</td>\n",
       "      <td>64098</td>\n",
       "      <td>67214</td>\n",
       "      <td>63746</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>Massachusetts</td>\n",
       "      <td>77385</td>\n",
       "      <td>75297</td>\n",
       "      <td>70628</td>\n",
       "      <td>69160</td>\n",
       "      <td>66768</td>\n",
       "      <td>65339</td>\n",
       "      <td>62859</td>\n",
       "      <td>62072</td>\n",
       "      <td>64081</td>\n",
       "      <td>65401</td>\n",
       "      <td>62365</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   Rank                 State  Income2017  \\\n",
       "0     1  District of Columbia       82336   \n",
       "1     2              Maryland       80776   \n",
       "2     3            New Jersey       80088   \n",
       "3     4                Hawaii       77765   \n",
       "4     5         Massachusetts       77385   \n",
       "\n",
       "   Income2016  Income2015  Income2014  \\\n",
       "0       75506       75628       71648   \n",
       "1       78945       75847       73971   \n",
       "2       76126       72222       72919   \n",
       "3       74511       73486       69592   \n",
       "4       75297       70628       69160   \n",
       "\n",
       "   Income2013  Income2012  Income2011  \\\n",
       "0       67572       65246       66583   \n",
       "1       72483       71836       70004   \n",
       "2       70165       69667       67458   \n",
       "3       68020       66259       61821   \n",
       "4       66768       65339       62859   \n",
       "\n",
       "   Income2010  Income2009  Income2008  \\\n",
       "0       63124       59290       57936   \n",
       "1       68854       69272       70545   \n",
       "2       67681       68342       70373   \n",
       "3       63030       64098       67214   \n",
       "4       62072       64081       65401   \n",
       "\n",
       "   Income2007  \n",
       "0       54317  \n",
       "1       68080  \n",
       "2       67035  \n",
       "3       63746  \n",
       "4       62365  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#data set looks fine\n",
    "income_xlsx.head() #first 5 rows"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "id": "55e95751-1fd6-4e52-846c-9fe09ff0a3af",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "    Rank                 State  Income2017  \\\n",
      "0      1  District of Columbia       82336   \n",
      "1      2              Maryland       80776   \n",
      "2      3            New Jersey       80088   \n",
      "3      4                Hawaii       77765   \n",
      "4      5         Massachusetts       77385   \n",
      "5      6           Connecticut       74168   \n",
      "6      7         New Hampshire       73381   \n",
      "7      8                Alaska       73181   \n",
      "8      9            California       71805   \n",
      "9     10              Virginia       71535   \n",
      "10    11            Washington       70979   \n",
      "11    12              Colorado       69117   \n",
      "12    13             Minnesota       68388   \n",
      "13    14                  Utah       68358   \n",
      "14    15              New York       64894   \n",
      "15    16          Rhode Island       63870   \n",
      "16    17              Illinois       62992   \n",
      "17    18              Delaware       62852   \n",
      "18    19          North Dakota       61843   \n",
      "19    20               Wyoming       60434   \n",
      "20    21                Oregon       60212   \n",
      "21    22              Nebraska       59970   \n",
      "22    23             Wisconsin       59305   \n",
      "23    24                 Texas       59206   \n",
      "24    25          Pennsylvania       59195   \n",
      "25    26                  Iowa       58570   \n",
      "26    27                Nevada       58003   \n",
      "27    28               Vermont       57513   \n",
      "28    29               Arizona       56581   \n",
      "29    30          South Dakota       56894   \n",
      "30    31                Kansas       56422   \n",
      "31    32                 Maine       56277   \n",
      "32    33               Georgia       56183   \n",
      "33    34              Michigan       54909   \n",
      "34    35               Indiana       54181   \n",
      "35    36                  Ohio       54021   \n",
      "36    37              Missouri       53578   \n",
      "37    38               Montana       53386   \n",
      "38    39        North Carolina       52752   \n",
      "39    40               Florida       52594   \n",
      "40    41                 Idaho       52225   \n",
      "41    42             Tennessee       51340   \n",
      "42    43        South Carolina       50570   \n",
      "43    44              Oklahoma       50051   \n",
      "44    45              Kentucky       48375   \n",
      "45    46               Alabama       48123   \n",
      "46    47            New Mexico       46744   \n",
      "47    48             Louisiana       46145   \n",
      "48    49              Arkansas       45869   \n",
      "49    50           Mississippi       43529   \n",
      "50    51         West Virginia       43469   \n",
      "\n",
      "    Income2016  Income2015  Income2014  \\\n",
      "0        75506       75628       71648   \n",
      "1        78945       75847       73971   \n",
      "2        76126       72222       72919   \n",
      "3        74511       73486       69592   \n",
      "4        75297       70628       69160   \n",
      "5        73433       71346       70048   \n",
      "6        70936       70303       66532   \n",
      "7        76440       73355       71583   \n",
      "8        67739       64500       61933   \n",
      "9        68114       66262       64902   \n",
      "10       67106       64129       61366   \n",
      "11       65685       63909       61303   \n",
      "12       65599       63488       61481   \n",
      "13       65977       62912       60922   \n",
      "14       62909       60850       58878   \n",
      "15       60596       58073       54891   \n",
      "16       60960       59588       57444   \n",
      "17       61757       61255       59716   \n",
      "18       60656       60557       59029   \n",
      "19       59882       60214       57055   \n",
      "20       57532       54148       51075   \n",
      "21       56927       54996       52686   \n",
      "22       56811       55638       52622   \n",
      "23       56565       55653       53035   \n",
      "24       56907       55702       53234   \n",
      "25       56247       54736       53712   \n",
      "26       55180       52431       51450   \n",
      "27       57677       56990       54166   \n",
      "28       53558       51492       50068   \n",
      "29       54467       53017       50979   \n",
      "30       54935       53906       52504   \n",
      "31       53079       51494       49462   \n",
      "32       53559       51244       49321   \n",
      "33       52492       51084       49847   \n",
      "34       52314       50532       49446   \n",
      "35       52334       51075       49308   \n",
      "36       51746       50238       48363   \n",
      "37       50027       49509       46328   \n",
      "38       50584       47830       46556   \n",
      "39       50860       49426       47463   \n",
      "40       51807       48275       47861   \n",
      "41       48547       47275       44361   \n",
      "42       49501       47238       45238   \n",
      "43       49176       48568       47529   \n",
      "44       46659       44765       42958   \n",
      "45       46257       44765       42830   \n",
      "46       46748       45382       44803   \n",
      "47       45146       45727       44555   \n",
      "48       45907       42798       44922   \n",
      "49       41754       40593       39680   \n",
      "50       43385       42019       41059   \n",
      "\n",
      "    Income2013  Income2012  Income2011  \\\n",
      "0        67572       65246       66583   \n",
      "1        72483       71836       70004   \n",
      "2        70165       69667       67458   \n",
      "3        68020       66259       61821   \n",
      "4        66768       65339       62859   \n",
      "5        67098       67276       65753   \n",
      "6        64230       63280       62647   \n",
      "7        72237       67712       67825   \n",
      "8        60190       58328       57287   \n",
      "9        62666       61741       61882   \n",
      "10       58405       57573       56835   \n",
      "11       58823       56765       55387   \n",
      "12       60702       58906       56954   \n",
      "13       59770       57049       55869   \n",
      "14       57369       56448       55246   \n",
      "15       55902       54554       53636   \n",
      "16       56210       55137       53234   \n",
      "17       57846       54554       58814   \n",
      "18       55759       53585       51704   \n",
      "19       58752       54901       56322   \n",
      "20       50251       49161       46816   \n",
      "21       51440       50723       50296   \n",
      "22       51467       51059       50395   \n",
      "23       51704       50740       49392   \n",
      "24       52007       51230       50228   \n",
      "25       52229       50957       49427   \n",
      "26       51230       49760       48927   \n",
      "27       52578       52997       52776   \n",
      "28       48510       47826       46709   \n",
      "29       48947       48362       48321   \n",
      "30       50972       50241       48264   \n",
      "31       46974       46709       46033   \n",
      "32       47829       47209       46007   \n",
      "33       48273       46859       45981   \n",
      "34       47529       46974       46438   \n",
      "35       48081       46829       45749   \n",
      "36       46931       45321       45247   \n",
      "37       46972       45076       44222   \n",
      "38       45906       45150       43916   \n",
      "39       46036       45040       44299   \n",
      "40       46783       45489       43341   \n",
      "41       44297       42764       41693   \n",
      "42       44163       43107       43916   \n",
      "43       45690       44312       43225   \n",
      "44       43399       41724       41141   \n",
      "45       42849       41574       41415   \n",
      "46       43872       42558       41963   \n",
      "47       44164       42944       41734   \n",
      "48       39376       39018       41302   \n",
      "49       37963       37095       36919   \n",
      "50       41253       40196       38482   \n",
      "\n",
      "    Income2010  Income2009  Income2008  \\\n",
      "0        63124       59290       57936   \n",
      "1        68854       69272       70545   \n",
      "2        67681       68342       70373   \n",
      "3        63030       64098       67214   \n",
      "4        62072       64081       65401   \n",
      "5        64032       67034       68595   \n",
      "6        61042       60567       63731   \n",
      "7        64576       66953       68460   \n",
      "8        57708       58931       61021   \n",
      "9        60674       59330       61233   \n",
      "10       55631       56548       58078   \n",
      "11       54046       55430       56993   \n",
      "12       55459       55616       57288   \n",
      "13       54744       55117       56633   \n",
      "14       54148       54659       56013   \n",
      "15       52254       54119       55701   \n",
      "16       52972       53966       56235   \n",
      "17       55847       56860       57989   \n",
      "18       48670       47827       46032   \n",
      "19       53512       52664       53207   \n",
      "20       46560       48457       50169   \n",
      "21       52504       48408       49693   \n",
      "22       49001       49993       52094   \n",
      "23       48615       48259       50043   \n",
      "24       49288       49520       50713   \n",
      "25       47961       48044       48980   \n",
      "26       51001       53341       56361   \n",
      "27       49406       51618       52104   \n",
      "28       46789       48745       50958   \n",
      "29       45904       45043       46032   \n",
      "30       48257       47817       50177   \n",
      "31       45815       45734       46581   \n",
      "32       46430       44736       50861   \n",
      "33       45413       45255       48591   \n",
      "34       44613       45424       47966   \n",
      "35       45090       45395       47988   \n",
      "36       44301       45229       46867   \n",
      "37       42666       42322       43654   \n",
      "38       43326       43674       46549   \n",
      "39       44409       44736       47778   \n",
      "40       43490       44926       47576   \n",
      "41       41461       41725       43614   \n",
      "42       42018       42442       44625   \n",
      "43       42072       41664       42822   \n",
      "44       40062       40072       41538   \n",
      "45       40474       40489       42666   \n",
      "46       42090       43028       43508   \n",
      "47       42505       42429       43733   \n",
      "48       38587       36538       39586   \n",
      "49       36851       36646       37790   \n",
      "50       37218       37435       37989   \n",
      "\n",
      "    Income2007  \n",
      "0        54317  \n",
      "1        68080  \n",
      "2        67035  \n",
      "3        63746  \n",
      "4        62365  \n",
      "5        65967  \n",
      "6        62369  \n",
      "7        64333  \n",
      "8        59948  \n",
      "9        59562  \n",
      "10       55212  \n",
      "11       55212  \n",
      "12       55802  \n",
      "13       55109  \n",
      "14       53514  \n",
      "15       53568  \n",
      "16       54124  \n",
      "17       54610  \n",
      "18       43531  \n",
      "19       51731  \n",
      "20       48730  \n",
      "21       47085  \n",
      "22       50578  \n",
      "23       47548  \n",
      "24       48576  \n",
      "25       47292  \n",
      "26       55062  \n",
      "27       49907  \n",
      "28       49889  \n",
      "29       43424  \n",
      "30       47451  \n",
      "31       45888  \n",
      "32       49136  \n",
      "33       47950  \n",
      "34       47448  \n",
      "35       46597  \n",
      "36       45114  \n",
      "37       43531  \n",
      "38       44670  \n",
      "39       47804  \n",
      "40       46253  \n",
      "41       42367  \n",
      "42       43329  \n",
      "43       41567  \n",
      "44       40267  \n",
      "45       40554  \n",
      "46       41452  \n",
      "47       40926  \n",
      "48       38134  \n",
      "49       36338  \n",
      "50       37060  \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(income_xlsx) #print full data set"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "id": "e0915843-1799-478d-8e0f-4f3d177039d8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Name</th>\n",
       "      <th>Abb</th>\n",
       "      <th>Region</th>\n",
       "      <th>Division</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
       "      <td>South</td>\n",
       "      <td>East South Central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
       "      <td>AK</td>\n",
       "      <td>West</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pacific</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>Arizona</td>\n",
       "      <td>AZ</td>\n",
       "      <td>West</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mountain</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>Arkansas</td>\n",
       "      <td>AR</td>\n",
       "      <td>South</td>\n",
       "      <td>west south central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>California</td>\n",
       "      <td>CA</td>\n",
       "      <td>West</td>\n",
       "      <td>Pacific</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         Name Abb Region            Division\n",
       "1     Alabama  AL  South  East South Central\n",
       "2      Alaska  AK   West             Pacific\n",
       "3     Arizona  AZ   West            Mountain\n",
       "4    Arkansas  AR  South  west south central\n",
       "5  California  CA   West             Pacific"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "region.head() #first 5 rows"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "id": "c4aaf614-5ba0-4f06-9caa-e0453e007fd6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "              Name Abb         Region  \\\n",
      "1          Alabama  AL          South   \n",
      "2           Alaska  AK           West   \n",
      "3          Arizona  AZ           West   \n",
      "4         Arkansas  AR          South   \n",
      "5       California  CA           West   \n",
      "6         Colorado  CO           West   \n",
      "7      Connecticut  CT      Northeast   \n",
      "8         Delaware  DE          South   \n",
      "9          Florida  FL          South   \n",
      "10         Georgia  GA          South   \n",
      "11          Hawaii  HI           West   \n",
      "12           Idaho  ID           West   \n",
      "13        Illinois  IL  North Central   \n",
      "14         Indiana  IN  North Central   \n",
      "15            Iowa  IA  North Central   \n",
      "16          Kansas  KS  North Central   \n",
      "17        Kentucky  KY          South   \n",
      "18       Louisiana  LA          South   \n",
      "19           Maine  ME      Northeast   \n",
      "20        Maryland  MD          South   \n",
      "21   Massachusetts  MA      Northeast   \n",
      "22        Michigan  MI  North Central   \n",
      "23       Minnesota  MN  North Central   \n",
      "24     Mississippi  MS          South   \n",
      "25        Missouri  MO  North Central   \n",
      "26         Montana  MT           West   \n",
      "27        Nebraska  NE  North Central   \n",
      "28          Nevada  NV           West   \n",
      "29   New Hampshire  NH      Northeast   \n",
      "30      New Jersey  NJ      Northeast   \n",
      "31      New Mexico  NM           West   \n",
      "32        New York  NY      Northeast   \n",
      "33  North Carolina  NC          South   \n",
      "34    North Dakota  ND  North Central   \n",
      "35            Ohio  OH  North Central   \n",
      "36        Oklahoma  OK          South   \n",
      "37          Oregon  OR           West   \n",
      "38    Pennsylvania  PA      Northeast   \n",
      "39    Rhode Island  RI      Northeast   \n",
      "40  South Carolina  SC          South   \n",
      "41    South Dakota  SD  North Central   \n",
      "42       Tennessee  TN          South   \n",
      "43           Texas  TX          South   \n",
      "44            Utah  UT           West   \n",
      "45         Vermont  VT      Northeast   \n",
      "46        Virginia  VA          South   \n",
      "47      Washington  WA           West   \n",
      "48   West Virginia  WV          South   \n",
      "49       Wisconsin  WI  North Central   \n",
      "50         Wyoming  WY           West   \n",
      "\n",
      "              Division  \n",
      "1   East South Central  \n",
      "2              Pacific  \n",
      "3             Mountain  \n",
      "4   west south central  \n",
      "5              Pacific  \n",
      "6             Mountain  \n",
      "7          New England  \n",
      "8       south atlantic  \n",
      "9       South Atlantic  \n",
      "10      South Atlantic  \n",
      "11             Pacific  \n",
      "12            Mountain  \n",
      "13  East North Central  \n",
      "14  East North Central  \n",
      "15  West North Central  \n",
      "16  West North Central  \n",
      "17  East South Central  \n",
      "18  West South Central  \n",
      "19         New England  \n",
      "20      South Atlantic  \n",
      "21         New England  \n",
      "22  East North Central  \n",
      "23  West North Central  \n",
      "24  East South Central  \n",
      "25  West North Central  \n",
      "26            Mountain  \n",
      "27  West North Central  \n",
      "28            Mountain  \n",
      "29         New England  \n",
      "30     Middle Atlantic  \n",
      "31            Mountain  \n",
      "32     Middle Atlantic  \n",
      "33      South Atlantic  \n",
      "34  West North Central  \n",
      "35  East North Central  \n",
      "36  West South Central  \n",
      "37             Pacific  \n",
      "38     Middle Atlantic  \n",
      "39         New England  \n",
      "40      South Atlantic  \n",
      "41  West North Central  \n",
      "42  East South Central  \n",
      "43  West South Central  \n",
      "44            Mountain  \n",
      "45         New England  \n",
      "46      South Atlantic  \n",
      "47             Pacific  \n",
      "48      South Atlantic  \n",
      "49  East North Central  \n",
      "50            Mountain  \n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#first East South Central & west south central look suspicious could be a upper and lower case problem\n",
    "print(region) #print the full set"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "id": "6415d3be-1fad-4a0e-b175-629f7047ee1b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "      <th>abb</th>\n",
       "      <th>region</th>\n",
       "      <th>division</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>alabama</td>\n",
       "      <td>al</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>east south central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>alaska</td>\n",
       "      <td>ak</td>\n",
       "      <td>west</td>\n",
       "      <td>pacific</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>arizona</td>\n",
       "      <td>az</td>\n",
       "      <td>west</td>\n",
       "      <td>mountain</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>arkansas</td>\n",
       "      <td>ar</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>west south central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>california</td>\n",
       "      <td>ca</td>\n",
       "      <td>west</td>\n",
       "      <td>pacific</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         name abb region            division\n",
       "1     alabama  al  south  east south central\n",
       "2      alaska  ak   west             pacific\n",
       "3     arizona  az   west            mountain\n",
       "4    arkansas  ar  south  west south central\n",
       "5  california  ca   west             pacific"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "#Upper and lower case not consistent e.g.:\"South Atlantic\" & \"south atlantic\"\n",
    "region.columns = region.columns.str.lower()\n",
    "for col in region.columns:\n",
    "    region[col] = region[col].str.lower()\n",
    "\n",
    "   \n",
    "region.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "id": "18d8791a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "region = region.rename(columns={\"name\": \"State\"}) "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "id": "c71060da",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>State</th>\n",
       "      <th>abb</th>\n",
       "      <th>region</th>\n",
       "      <th>division</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>alabama</td>\n",
       "      <td>al</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>east south central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>alaska</td>\n",
       "      <td>ak</td>\n",
       "      <td>west</td>\n",
       "      <td>pacific</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>arizona</td>\n",
       "      <td>az</td>\n",
       "      <td>west</td>\n",
       "      <td>mountain</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>arkansas</td>\n",
       "      <td>ar</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>west south central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>california</td>\n",
       "      <td>ca</td>\n",
       "      <td>west</td>\n",
       "      <td>pacific</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        State abb region            division\n",
       "1     alabama  al  south  east south central\n",
       "2      alaska  ak   west             pacific\n",
       "3     arizona  az   west            mountain\n",
       "4    arkansas  ar  south  west south central\n",
       "5  california  ca   west             pacific"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "region.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "2bbb8dd1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "id": "286ec448",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>%High school or higher</th>\n",
       "      <th>High School rank</th>\n",
       "      <th>% Bachelors degree or higher</th>\n",
       "      <th>Bachelors rank</th>\n",
       "      <th>% Advanced degree</th>\n",
       "      <th>Advanced rank</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>State</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Montana</th>\n",
       "      <td>93.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New Hampshire</th>\n",
       "      <td>92.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>36.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Minnesota</th>\n",
       "      <td>92.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>34.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Wyoming</th>\n",
       "      <td>92.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>41.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>39.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Alaska</th>\n",
       "      <td>92.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>North Dakota</th>\n",
       "      <td>92.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>51.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Vermont</th>\n",
       "      <td>92.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>36.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Maine</th>\n",
       "      <td>92.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Iowa</th>\n",
       "      <td>91.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>36.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>42.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Utah</th>\n",
       "      <td>91.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Wisconsin</th>\n",
       "      <td>91.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Hawaii</th>\n",
       "      <td>91.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>South Dakota</th>\n",
       "      <td>91.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>45.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Colorado</th>\n",
       "      <td>91.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>39.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Nebraska</th>\n",
       "      <td>90.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Washington</th>\n",
       "      <td>90.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>34.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Kansas</th>\n",
       "      <td>90.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>District of Columbia</th>\n",
       "      <td>90.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>56.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Massachusetts</th>\n",
       "      <td>90.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>42.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Idaho</th>\n",
       "      <td>90.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>40.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Michigan</th>\n",
       "      <td>90.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>34.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Connecticut</th>\n",
       "      <td>90.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>38.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Oregon</th>\n",
       "      <td>76.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Pennsylvania</th>\n",
       "      <td>89.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Maryland</th>\n",
       "      <td>89.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>39.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Ohio</th>\n",
       "      <td>89.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>37.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Delaware</th>\n",
       "      <td>89.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Missouri</th>\n",
       "      <td>89.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New Jersey</th>\n",
       "      <td>89.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>38.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Virginia</th>\n",
       "      <td>89.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>37.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>16.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Illinois</th>\n",
       "      <td>88.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Indiana</th>\n",
       "      <td>88.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>40.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Florida</th>\n",
       "      <td>87.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Oklahoma</th>\n",
       "      <td>87.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>34.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>44.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>44.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Rhode Island</th>\n",
       "      <td>87.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>33.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>13.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>North Carolina</th>\n",
       "      <td>86.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>36.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>South Carolina</th>\n",
       "      <td>86.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>37.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>27.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>38.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>36.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Tennessee</th>\n",
       "      <td>86.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>38.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>42.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>37.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Georgia</th>\n",
       "      <td>86.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>39.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>29.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>25.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New York</th>\n",
       "      <td>86.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>40.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>35.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>West Virginia</th>\n",
       "      <td>85.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>41.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>19.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>51.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>49.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Nevada</th>\n",
       "      <td>85.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>42.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>47.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Arkansas</th>\n",
       "      <td>85.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>49.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Alabama</th>\n",
       "      <td>85.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>44.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>24.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>45.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>41.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Kentucky</th>\n",
       "      <td>85.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>45.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>48.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>38.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New Mexico</th>\n",
       "      <td>85.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>39.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>11.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Louisiana</th>\n",
       "      <td>84.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>47.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>47.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Mississippi</th>\n",
       "      <td>83.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>48.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>21.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>48.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Texas</th>\n",
       "      <td>82.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>49.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>30.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>9.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>34.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>California</th>\n",
       "      <td>82.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>12.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Arizona</th>\n",
       "      <td>82.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>51.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>28.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.7</td>\n",
       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                      %High school or higher  \\\n",
       "State                                          \n",
       " Montana                                93.0   \n",
       " New Hampshire                          92.8   \n",
       " Minnesota                              92.8   \n",
       " Wyoming                                92.8   \n",
       " Alaska                                 92.4   \n",
       " North Dakota                           92.3   \n",
       " Vermont                                92.3   \n",
       " Maine                                  92.1   \n",
       " Iowa                                   91.8   \n",
       " Utah                                   91.8   \n",
       " Wisconsin                              91.7   \n",
       " Hawaii                                 91.6   \n",
       " South Dakota                           91.4   \n",
       " Colorado                               91.1   \n",
       " Nebraska                               90.9   \n",
       "Washington                              90.8   \n",
       " Kansas                                 90.5   \n",
       " District of Columbia                   90.3   \n",
       " Massachusetts                          90.3   \n",
       " Idaho                                  90.2   \n",
       " Michigan                               90.2   \n",
       " Connecticut                            90.2   \n",
       " Oregon                                 76.7   \n",
       " Pennsylvania                           89.9   \n",
       " Maryland                               89.8   \n",
       " Ohio                                   89.8   \n",
       " Delaware                               89.3   \n",
       " Missouri                               89.2   \n",
       " New Jersey                             89.2   \n",
       " Virginia                               89.0   \n",
       " Illinois                               88.6   \n",
       " Indiana                                88.3   \n",
       " Florida                                87.6   \n",
       " Oklahoma                               87.5   \n",
       " Rhode Island                           87.3   \n",
       " North Carolina                         86.9   \n",
       " South Carolina                         86.5   \n",
       " Tennessee                              86.5   \n",
       "Georgia                                 86.3   \n",
       "New York                                86.1   \n",
       " West Virginia                          85.9   \n",
       " Nevada                                 85.8   \n",
       " Arkansas                               85.6   \n",
       " Alabama                                85.3   \n",
       " Kentucky                               85.2   \n",
       " New Mexico                             85.0   \n",
       " Louisiana                              84.3   \n",
       " Mississippi                            83.4   \n",
       " Texas                                  82.8   \n",
       " California                             82.5   \n",
       " Arizona                                82.1   \n",
       "\n",
       "                       High School rank  \\\n",
       "State                                     \n",
       " Montana                            1.0   \n",
       " New Hampshire                      2.0   \n",
       " Minnesota                          3.0   \n",
       " Wyoming                            4.0   \n",
       " Alaska                             5.0   \n",
       " North Dakota                       6.0   \n",
       " Vermont                            7.0   \n",
       " Maine                              8.0   \n",
       " Iowa                               9.0   \n",
       " Utah                              10.0   \n",
       " Wisconsin                         11.0   \n",
       " Hawaii                            12.0   \n",
       " South Dakota                      13.0   \n",
       " Colorado                          14.0   \n",
       " Nebraska                          15.0   \n",
       "Washington                         16.0   \n",
       " Kansas                            17.0   \n",
       " District of Columbia              18.0   \n",
       " Massachusetts                     19.0   \n",
       " Idaho                             20.0   \n",
       " Michigan                          21.0   \n",
       " Connecticut                       22.0   \n",
       " Oregon                            23.0   \n",
       " Pennsylvania                      24.0   \n",
       " Maryland                          25.0   \n",
       " Ohio                              26.0   \n",
       " Delaware                          27.0   \n",
       " Missouri                          28.0   \n",
       " New Jersey                        29.0   \n",
       " Virginia                          30.0   \n",
       " Illinois                          31.0   \n",
       " Indiana                           32.0   \n",
       " Florida                           33.0   \n",
       " Oklahoma                          34.0   \n",
       " Rhode Island                      35.0   \n",
       " North Carolina                    36.0   \n",
       " South Carolina                    37.0   \n",
       " Tennessee                         38.0   \n",
       "Georgia                            39.0   \n",
       "New York                           40.0   \n",
       " West Virginia                     41.0   \n",
       " Nevada                            42.0   \n",
       " Arkansas                          43.0   \n",
       " Alabama                           44.0   \n",
       " Kentucky                          45.0   \n",
       " New Mexico                        46.0   \n",
       " Louisiana                         47.0   \n",
       " Mississippi                       48.0   \n",
       " Texas                             49.0   \n",
       " California                        50.0   \n",
       " Arizona                           51.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "                      % Bachelors degree or higher  \\\n",
       "State                                                \n",
       " Montana                                      30.7   \n",
       " New Hampshire                                36.0   \n",
       " Minnesota                                    34.8   \n",
       " Wyoming                                      26.7   \n",
       " Alaska                                       29.0   \n",
       " North Dakota                                 28.9   \n",
       " Vermont                                      36.8   \n",
       " Maine                                        30.3   \n",
       " Iowa                                         27.7   \n",
       " Utah                                         32.5   \n",
       " Wisconsin                                    29.0   \n",
       " Hawaii                                       32.0   \n",
       " South Dakota                                 27.8   \n",
       " Colorado                                     39.4   \n",
       " Nebraska                                     30.6   \n",
       "Washington                                    34.5   \n",
       " Kansas                                       32.3   \n",
       " District of Columbia                         56.6   \n",
       " Massachusetts                                42.1   \n",
       " Idaho                                        26.8   \n",
       " Michigan                                     28.1   \n",
       " Connecticut                                  38.4   \n",
       " Oregon                                       32.3   \n",
       " Pennsylvania                                 30.1   \n",
       " Maryland                                     39.0   \n",
       " Ohio                                         27.2   \n",
       " Delaware                                     31.0   \n",
       " Missouri                                     28.2   \n",
       " New Jersey                                   38.1   \n",
       " Virginia                                     37.6   \n",
       " Illinois                                     33.4   \n",
       " Indiana                                      25.3   \n",
       " Florida                                      28.5   \n",
       " Oklahoma                                     24.8   \n",
       " Rhode Island                                 33.0   \n",
       " North Carolina                               29.9   \n",
       " South Carolina                               27.0   \n",
       " Tennessee                                    26.1   \n",
       "Georgia                                       29.9   \n",
       "New York                                      35.3   \n",
       " West Virginia                                19.9   \n",
       " Nevada                                       23.7   \n",
       " Arkansas                                     22.0   \n",
       " Alabama                                      24.5   \n",
       " Kentucky                                     23.2   \n",
       " New Mexico                                   26.9   \n",
       " Louisiana                                    23.4   \n",
       " Mississippi                                  21.3   \n",
       " Texas                                        28.7   \n",
       " California                                   32.6   \n",
       " Arizona                                      28.4   \n",
       "\n",
       "                       Bachelors rank  \\\n",
       "State                                   \n",
       " Montana                         21.0   \n",
       " New Hampshire                    9.0   \n",
       " Minnesota                       11.0   \n",
       " Wyoming                         41.0   \n",
       " Alaska                          28.0   \n",
       " North Dakota                    29.0   \n",
       " Vermont                          8.0   \n",
       " Maine                           23.0   \n",
       " Iowa                            36.0   \n",
       " Utah                            16.0   \n",
       " Wisconsin                       27.0   \n",
       " Hawaii                          19.0   \n",
       " South Dakota                    35.0   \n",
       " Colorado                         3.0   \n",
       " Nebraska                        22.0   \n",
       "Washington                       12.0   \n",
       " Kansas                          17.0   \n",
       " District of Columbia             1.0   \n",
       " Massachusetts                    2.0   \n",
       " Idaho                           40.0   \n",
       " Michigan                        34.0   \n",
       " Connecticut                      5.0   \n",
       " Oregon                          18.0   \n",
       " Pennsylvania                    24.0   \n",
       " Maryland                         4.0   \n",
       " Ohio                            37.0   \n",
       " Delaware                        20.0   \n",
       " Missouri                        33.0   \n",
       " New Jersey                       6.0   \n",
       " Virginia                         7.0   \n",
       " Illinois                        13.0   \n",
       " Indiana                         43.0   \n",
       " Florida                         31.0   \n",
       " Oklahoma                        44.0   \n",
       " Rhode Island                    14.0   \n",
       " North Carolina                  26.0   \n",
       " South Carolina                  38.0   \n",
       " Tennessee                       42.0   \n",
       "Georgia                          25.0   \n",
       "New York                         10.0   \n",
       " West Virginia                   51.0   \n",
       " Nevada                          46.0   \n",
       " Arkansas                        49.0   \n",
       " Alabama                         45.0   \n",
       " Kentucky                        48.0   \n",
       " New Mexico                      39.0   \n",
       " Louisiana                       47.0   \n",
       " Mississippi                     50.0   \n",
       " Texas                           30.0   \n",
       " California                      15.0   \n",
       " Arizona                         32.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "                      % Advanced degree  \\\n",
       "State                                     \n",
       " Montana                           10.1   \n",
       " New Hampshire                     13.8   \n",
       " Minnesota                         11.8   \n",
       " Wyoming                            9.3   \n",
       " Alaska                            10.4   \n",
       " North Dakota                       7.8   \n",
       " Vermont                           15.0   \n",
       " Maine                             10.9   \n",
       " Iowa                               9.0   \n",
       " Utah                              11.0   \n",
       " Wisconsin                          9.9   \n",
       " Hawaii                            10.8   \n",
       " South Dakota                       8.3   \n",
       " Colorado                          14.6   \n",
       " Nebraska                          10.2   \n",
       "Washington                         12.7   \n",
       " Kansas                            11.7   \n",
       " District of Columbia              32.8   \n",
       " Massachusetts                     18.7   \n",
       " Idaho                              8.5   \n",
       " Michigan                          11.0   \n",
       " Connecticut                       17.0   \n",
       " Oregon                            12.2   \n",
       " Pennsylvania                      11.8   \n",
       " Maryland                          18.0   \n",
       " Ohio                              10.2   \n",
       " Delaware                          12.9   \n",
       " Missouri                          10.7   \n",
       " New Jersey                        14.7   \n",
       " Virginia                          16.1   \n",
       " Illinois                          13.0   \n",
       " Indiana                            9.2   \n",
       " Florida                           10.3   \n",
       " Oklahoma                           8.3   \n",
       " Rhode Island                      13.1   \n",
       " North Carolina                    10.6   \n",
       " South Carolina                     9.8   \n",
       " Tennessee                          9.6   \n",
       "Georgia                            11.4   \n",
       "New York                           15.4   \n",
       " West Virginia                      7.9   \n",
       " Nevada                             8.1   \n",
       " Arkansas                           7.9   \n",
       " Alabama                            9.1   \n",
       " Kentucky                           9.6   \n",
       " New Mexico                        11.8   \n",
       " Louisiana                          8.1   \n",
       " Mississippi                        8.0   \n",
       " Texas                              9.9   \n",
       " California                        12.2   \n",
       " Arizona                           10.7   \n",
       "\n",
       "                       Advanced rank  \n",
       "State                                 \n",
       " Montana                        33.0  \n",
       " New Hampshire                  10.0  \n",
       " Minnesota                      18.0  \n",
       " Wyoming                        39.0  \n",
       " Alaska                         29.0  \n",
       " North Dakota                   51.0  \n",
       " Vermont                         7.0  \n",
       " Maine                          24.0  \n",
       " Iowa                           42.0  \n",
       " Utah                           23.0  \n",
       " Wisconsin                      35.0  \n",
       " Hawaii                         25.0  \n",
       " South Dakota                   45.0  \n",
       " Colorado                        9.0  \n",
       " Nebraska                       31.0  \n",
       "Washington                      14.0  \n",
       " Kansas                         20.0  \n",
       " District of Columbia            1.0  \n",
       " Massachusetts                   2.0  \n",
       " Idaho                          43.0  \n",
       " Michigan                       22.0  \n",
       " Connecticut                     4.0  \n",
       " Oregon                         16.0  \n",
       " Pennsylvania                   19.0  \n",
       " Maryland                        3.0  \n",
       " Ohio                           32.0  \n",
       " Delaware                       13.0  \n",
       " Missouri                       26.0  \n",
       " New Jersey                      8.0  \n",
       " Virginia                        5.0  \n",
       " Illinois                       12.0  \n",
       " Indiana                        40.0  \n",
       " Florida                        30.0  \n",
       " Oklahoma                       44.0  \n",
       " Rhode Island                   11.0  \n",
       " North Carolina                 28.0  \n",
       " South Carolina                 36.0  \n",
       " Tennessee                      37.0  \n",
       "Georgia                         21.0  \n",
       "New York                         6.0  \n",
       " West Virginia                  49.0  \n",
       " Nevada                         47.0  \n",
       " Arkansas                       50.0  \n",
       " Alabama                        41.0  \n",
       " Kentucky                       38.0  \n",
       " New Mexico                     17.0  \n",
       " Louisiana                      46.0  \n",
       " Mississippi                    48.0  \n",
       " Texas                          34.0  \n",
       " California                     15.0  \n",
       " Arizona                        26.0  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "education.set_index('State') #setting \"State\" as index      "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "id": "48e710c3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Rank</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2017</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2016</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2015</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2014</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2013</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2012</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2011</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2010</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2009</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2008</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2007</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>State</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>District of Columbia</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>82336</td>\n",
       "      <td>75506</td>\n",
       "      <td>75628</td>\n",
       "      <td>71648</td>\n",
       "      <td>67572</td>\n",
       "      <td>65246</td>\n",
       "      <td>66583</td>\n",
       "      <td>63124</td>\n",
       "      <td>59290</td>\n",
       "      <td>57936</td>\n",
       "      <td>54317</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Maryland</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>80776</td>\n",
       "      <td>78945</td>\n",
       "      <td>75847</td>\n",
       "      <td>73971</td>\n",
       "      <td>72483</td>\n",
       "      <td>71836</td>\n",
       "      <td>70004</td>\n",
       "      <td>68854</td>\n",
       "      <td>69272</td>\n",
       "      <td>70545</td>\n",
       "      <td>68080</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New Jersey</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>80088</td>\n",
       "      <td>76126</td>\n",
       "      <td>72222</td>\n",
       "      <td>72919</td>\n",
       "      <td>70165</td>\n",
       "      <td>69667</td>\n",
       "      <td>67458</td>\n",
       "      <td>67681</td>\n",
       "      <td>68342</td>\n",
       "      <td>70373</td>\n",
       "      <td>67035</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Hawaii</th>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>77765</td>\n",
       "      <td>74511</td>\n",
       "      <td>73486</td>\n",
       "      <td>69592</td>\n",
       "      <td>68020</td>\n",
       "      <td>66259</td>\n",
       "      <td>61821</td>\n",
       "      <td>63030</td>\n",
       "      <td>64098</td>\n",
       "      <td>67214</td>\n",
       "      <td>63746</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Massachusetts</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>77385</td>\n",
       "      <td>75297</td>\n",
       "      <td>70628</td>\n",
       "      <td>69160</td>\n",
       "      <td>66768</td>\n",
       "      <td>65339</td>\n",
       "      <td>62859</td>\n",
       "      <td>62072</td>\n",
       "      <td>64081</td>\n",
       "      <td>65401</td>\n",
       "      <td>62365</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Connecticut</th>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>74168</td>\n",
       "      <td>73433</td>\n",
       "      <td>71346</td>\n",
       "      <td>70048</td>\n",
       "      <td>67098</td>\n",
       "      <td>67276</td>\n",
       "      <td>65753</td>\n",
       "      <td>64032</td>\n",
       "      <td>67034</td>\n",
       "      <td>68595</td>\n",
       "      <td>65967</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New Hampshire</th>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>73381</td>\n",
       "      <td>70936</td>\n",
       "      <td>70303</td>\n",
       "      <td>66532</td>\n",
       "      <td>64230</td>\n",
       "      <td>63280</td>\n",
       "      <td>62647</td>\n",
       "      <td>61042</td>\n",
       "      <td>60567</td>\n",
       "      <td>63731</td>\n",
       "      <td>62369</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Alaska</th>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>73181</td>\n",
       "      <td>76440</td>\n",
       "      <td>73355</td>\n",
       "      <td>71583</td>\n",
       "      <td>72237</td>\n",
       "      <td>67712</td>\n",
       "      <td>67825</td>\n",
       "      <td>64576</td>\n",
       "      <td>66953</td>\n",
       "      <td>68460</td>\n",
       "      <td>64333</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>California</th>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>71805</td>\n",
       "      <td>67739</td>\n",
       "      <td>64500</td>\n",
       "      <td>61933</td>\n",
       "      <td>60190</td>\n",
       "      <td>58328</td>\n",
       "      <td>57287</td>\n",
       "      <td>57708</td>\n",
       "      <td>58931</td>\n",
       "      <td>61021</td>\n",
       "      <td>59948</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Virginia</th>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>71535</td>\n",
       "      <td>68114</td>\n",
       "      <td>66262</td>\n",
       "      <td>64902</td>\n",
       "      <td>62666</td>\n",
       "      <td>61741</td>\n",
       "      <td>61882</td>\n",
       "      <td>60674</td>\n",
       "      <td>59330</td>\n",
       "      <td>61233</td>\n",
       "      <td>59562</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Washington</th>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>70979</td>\n",
       "      <td>67106</td>\n",
       "      <td>64129</td>\n",
       "      <td>61366</td>\n",
       "      <td>58405</td>\n",
       "      <td>57573</td>\n",
       "      <td>56835</td>\n",
       "      <td>55631</td>\n",
       "      <td>56548</td>\n",
       "      <td>58078</td>\n",
       "      <td>55212</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Colorado</th>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>69117</td>\n",
       "      <td>65685</td>\n",
       "      <td>63909</td>\n",
       "      <td>61303</td>\n",
       "      <td>58823</td>\n",
       "      <td>56765</td>\n",
       "      <td>55387</td>\n",
       "      <td>54046</td>\n",
       "      <td>55430</td>\n",
       "      <td>56993</td>\n",
       "      <td>55212</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Minnesota</th>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>68388</td>\n",
       "      <td>65599</td>\n",
       "      <td>63488</td>\n",
       "      <td>61481</td>\n",
       "      <td>60702</td>\n",
       "      <td>58906</td>\n",
       "      <td>56954</td>\n",
       "      <td>55459</td>\n",
       "      <td>55616</td>\n",
       "      <td>57288</td>\n",
       "      <td>55802</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Utah</th>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>68358</td>\n",
       "      <td>65977</td>\n",
       "      <td>62912</td>\n",
       "      <td>60922</td>\n",
       "      <td>59770</td>\n",
       "      <td>57049</td>\n",
       "      <td>55869</td>\n",
       "      <td>54744</td>\n",
       "      <td>55117</td>\n",
       "      <td>56633</td>\n",
       "      <td>55109</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New York</th>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>64894</td>\n",
       "      <td>62909</td>\n",
       "      <td>60850</td>\n",
       "      <td>58878</td>\n",
       "      <td>57369</td>\n",
       "      <td>56448</td>\n",
       "      <td>55246</td>\n",
       "      <td>54148</td>\n",
       "      <td>54659</td>\n",
       "      <td>56013</td>\n",
       "      <td>53514</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Rhode Island</th>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>63870</td>\n",
       "      <td>60596</td>\n",
       "      <td>58073</td>\n",
       "      <td>54891</td>\n",
       "      <td>55902</td>\n",
       "      <td>54554</td>\n",
       "      <td>53636</td>\n",
       "      <td>52254</td>\n",
       "      <td>54119</td>\n",
       "      <td>55701</td>\n",
       "      <td>53568</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Illinois</th>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>62992</td>\n",
       "      <td>60960</td>\n",
       "      <td>59588</td>\n",
       "      <td>57444</td>\n",
       "      <td>56210</td>\n",
       "      <td>55137</td>\n",
       "      <td>53234</td>\n",
       "      <td>52972</td>\n",
       "      <td>53966</td>\n",
       "      <td>56235</td>\n",
       "      <td>54124</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Delaware</th>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>62852</td>\n",
       "      <td>61757</td>\n",
       "      <td>61255</td>\n",
       "      <td>59716</td>\n",
       "      <td>57846</td>\n",
       "      <td>54554</td>\n",
       "      <td>58814</td>\n",
       "      <td>55847</td>\n",
       "      <td>56860</td>\n",
       "      <td>57989</td>\n",
       "      <td>54610</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>North Dakota</th>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>61843</td>\n",
       "      <td>60656</td>\n",
       "      <td>60557</td>\n",
       "      <td>59029</td>\n",
       "      <td>55759</td>\n",
       "      <td>53585</td>\n",
       "      <td>51704</td>\n",
       "      <td>48670</td>\n",
       "      <td>47827</td>\n",
       "      <td>46032</td>\n",
       "      <td>43531</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Wyoming</th>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>60434</td>\n",
       "      <td>59882</td>\n",
       "      <td>60214</td>\n",
       "      <td>57055</td>\n",
       "      <td>58752</td>\n",
       "      <td>54901</td>\n",
       "      <td>56322</td>\n",
       "      <td>53512</td>\n",
       "      <td>52664</td>\n",
       "      <td>53207</td>\n",
       "      <td>51731</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Oregon</th>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>60212</td>\n",
       "      <td>57532</td>\n",
       "      <td>54148</td>\n",
       "      <td>51075</td>\n",
       "      <td>50251</td>\n",
       "      <td>49161</td>\n",
       "      <td>46816</td>\n",
       "      <td>46560</td>\n",
       "      <td>48457</td>\n",
       "      <td>50169</td>\n",
       "      <td>48730</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Nebraska</th>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>59970</td>\n",
       "      <td>56927</td>\n",
       "      <td>54996</td>\n",
       "      <td>52686</td>\n",
       "      <td>51440</td>\n",
       "      <td>50723</td>\n",
       "      <td>50296</td>\n",
       "      <td>52504</td>\n",
       "      <td>48408</td>\n",
       "      <td>49693</td>\n",
       "      <td>47085</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Wisconsin</th>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>59305</td>\n",
       "      <td>56811</td>\n",
       "      <td>55638</td>\n",
       "      <td>52622</td>\n",
       "      <td>51467</td>\n",
       "      <td>51059</td>\n",
       "      <td>50395</td>\n",
       "      <td>49001</td>\n",
       "      <td>49993</td>\n",
       "      <td>52094</td>\n",
       "      <td>50578</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Texas</th>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>59206</td>\n",
       "      <td>56565</td>\n",
       "      <td>55653</td>\n",
       "      <td>53035</td>\n",
       "      <td>51704</td>\n",
       "      <td>50740</td>\n",
       "      <td>49392</td>\n",
       "      <td>48615</td>\n",
       "      <td>48259</td>\n",
       "      <td>50043</td>\n",
       "      <td>47548</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Pennsylvania</th>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>59195</td>\n",
       "      <td>56907</td>\n",
       "      <td>55702</td>\n",
       "      <td>53234</td>\n",
       "      <td>52007</td>\n",
       "      <td>51230</td>\n",
       "      <td>50228</td>\n",
       "      <td>49288</td>\n",
       "      <td>49520</td>\n",
       "      <td>50713</td>\n",
       "      <td>48576</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Iowa</th>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>58570</td>\n",
       "      <td>56247</td>\n",
       "      <td>54736</td>\n",
       "      <td>53712</td>\n",
       "      <td>52229</td>\n",
       "      <td>50957</td>\n",
       "      <td>49427</td>\n",
       "      <td>47961</td>\n",
       "      <td>48044</td>\n",
       "      <td>48980</td>\n",
       "      <td>47292</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Nevada</th>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>58003</td>\n",
       "      <td>55180</td>\n",
       "      <td>52431</td>\n",
       "      <td>51450</td>\n",
       "      <td>51230</td>\n",
       "      <td>49760</td>\n",
       "      <td>48927</td>\n",
       "      <td>51001</td>\n",
       "      <td>53341</td>\n",
       "      <td>56361</td>\n",
       "      <td>55062</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Vermont</th>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>57513</td>\n",
       "      <td>57677</td>\n",
       "      <td>56990</td>\n",
       "      <td>54166</td>\n",
       "      <td>52578</td>\n",
       "      <td>52997</td>\n",
       "      <td>52776</td>\n",
       "      <td>49406</td>\n",
       "      <td>51618</td>\n",
       "      <td>52104</td>\n",
       "      <td>49907</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Arizona</th>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>56581</td>\n",
       "      <td>53558</td>\n",
       "      <td>51492</td>\n",
       "      <td>50068</td>\n",
       "      <td>48510</td>\n",
       "      <td>47826</td>\n",
       "      <td>46709</td>\n",
       "      <td>46789</td>\n",
       "      <td>48745</td>\n",
       "      <td>50958</td>\n",
       "      <td>49889</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>South Dakota</th>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>56894</td>\n",
       "      <td>54467</td>\n",
       "      <td>53017</td>\n",
       "      <td>50979</td>\n",
       "      <td>48947</td>\n",
       "      <td>48362</td>\n",
       "      <td>48321</td>\n",
       "      <td>45904</td>\n",
       "      <td>45043</td>\n",
       "      <td>46032</td>\n",
       "      <td>43424</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Kansas</th>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "      <td>56422</td>\n",
       "      <td>54935</td>\n",
       "      <td>53906</td>\n",
       "      <td>52504</td>\n",
       "      <td>50972</td>\n",
       "      <td>50241</td>\n",
       "      <td>48264</td>\n",
       "      <td>48257</td>\n",
       "      <td>47817</td>\n",
       "      <td>50177</td>\n",
       "      <td>47451</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Maine</th>\n",
       "      <td>32</td>\n",
       "      <td>56277</td>\n",
       "      <td>53079</td>\n",
       "      <td>51494</td>\n",
       "      <td>49462</td>\n",
       "      <td>46974</td>\n",
       "      <td>46709</td>\n",
       "      <td>46033</td>\n",
       "      <td>45815</td>\n",
       "      <td>45734</td>\n",
       "      <td>46581</td>\n",
       "      <td>45888</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Georgia</th>\n",
       "      <td>33</td>\n",
       "      <td>56183</td>\n",
       "      <td>53559</td>\n",
       "      <td>51244</td>\n",
       "      <td>49321</td>\n",
       "      <td>47829</td>\n",
       "      <td>47209</td>\n",
       "      <td>46007</td>\n",
       "      <td>46430</td>\n",
       "      <td>44736</td>\n",
       "      <td>50861</td>\n",
       "      <td>49136</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Michigan</th>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>54909</td>\n",
       "      <td>52492</td>\n",
       "      <td>51084</td>\n",
       "      <td>49847</td>\n",
       "      <td>48273</td>\n",
       "      <td>46859</td>\n",
       "      <td>45981</td>\n",
       "      <td>45413</td>\n",
       "      <td>45255</td>\n",
       "      <td>48591</td>\n",
       "      <td>47950</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Indiana</th>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>54181</td>\n",
       "      <td>52314</td>\n",
       "      <td>50532</td>\n",
       "      <td>49446</td>\n",
       "      <td>47529</td>\n",
       "      <td>46974</td>\n",
       "      <td>46438</td>\n",
       "      <td>44613</td>\n",
       "      <td>45424</td>\n",
       "      <td>47966</td>\n",
       "      <td>47448</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Ohio</th>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>54021</td>\n",
       "      <td>52334</td>\n",
       "      <td>51075</td>\n",
       "      <td>49308</td>\n",
       "      <td>48081</td>\n",
       "      <td>46829</td>\n",
       "      <td>45749</td>\n",
       "      <td>45090</td>\n",
       "      <td>45395</td>\n",
       "      <td>47988</td>\n",
       "      <td>46597</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Missouri</th>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "      <td>53578</td>\n",
       "      <td>51746</td>\n",
       "      <td>50238</td>\n",
       "      <td>48363</td>\n",
       "      <td>46931</td>\n",
       "      <td>45321</td>\n",
       "      <td>45247</td>\n",
       "      <td>44301</td>\n",
       "      <td>45229</td>\n",
       "      <td>46867</td>\n",
       "      <td>45114</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Montana</th>\n",
       "      <td>38</td>\n",
       "      <td>53386</td>\n",
       "      <td>50027</td>\n",
       "      <td>49509</td>\n",
       "      <td>46328</td>\n",
       "      <td>46972</td>\n",
       "      <td>45076</td>\n",
       "      <td>44222</td>\n",
       "      <td>42666</td>\n",
       "      <td>42322</td>\n",
       "      <td>43654</td>\n",
       "      <td>43531</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>North Carolina</th>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "      <td>52752</td>\n",
       "      <td>50584</td>\n",
       "      <td>47830</td>\n",
       "      <td>46556</td>\n",
       "      <td>45906</td>\n",
       "      <td>45150</td>\n",
       "      <td>43916</td>\n",
       "      <td>43326</td>\n",
       "      <td>43674</td>\n",
       "      <td>46549</td>\n",
       "      <td>44670</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Florida</th>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>52594</td>\n",
       "      <td>50860</td>\n",
       "      <td>49426</td>\n",
       "      <td>47463</td>\n",
       "      <td>46036</td>\n",
       "      <td>45040</td>\n",
       "      <td>44299</td>\n",
       "      <td>44409</td>\n",
       "      <td>44736</td>\n",
       "      <td>47778</td>\n",
       "      <td>47804</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Idaho</th>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>52225</td>\n",
       "      <td>51807</td>\n",
       "      <td>48275</td>\n",
       "      <td>47861</td>\n",
       "      <td>46783</td>\n",
       "      <td>45489</td>\n",
       "      <td>43341</td>\n",
       "      <td>43490</td>\n",
       "      <td>44926</td>\n",
       "      <td>47576</td>\n",
       "      <td>46253</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Tennessee</th>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>51340</td>\n",
       "      <td>48547</td>\n",
       "      <td>47275</td>\n",
       "      <td>44361</td>\n",
       "      <td>44297</td>\n",
       "      <td>42764</td>\n",
       "      <td>41693</td>\n",
       "      <td>41461</td>\n",
       "      <td>41725</td>\n",
       "      <td>43614</td>\n",
       "      <td>42367</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>South Carolina</th>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>50570</td>\n",
       "      <td>49501</td>\n",
       "      <td>47238</td>\n",
       "      <td>45238</td>\n",
       "      <td>44163</td>\n",
       "      <td>43107</td>\n",
       "      <td>43916</td>\n",
       "      <td>42018</td>\n",
       "      <td>42442</td>\n",
       "      <td>44625</td>\n",
       "      <td>43329</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Oklahoma</th>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>50051</td>\n",
       "      <td>49176</td>\n",
       "      <td>48568</td>\n",
       "      <td>47529</td>\n",
       "      <td>45690</td>\n",
       "      <td>44312</td>\n",
       "      <td>43225</td>\n",
       "      <td>42072</td>\n",
       "      <td>41664</td>\n",
       "      <td>42822</td>\n",
       "      <td>41567</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Kentucky</th>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>48375</td>\n",
       "      <td>46659</td>\n",
       "      <td>44765</td>\n",
       "      <td>42958</td>\n",
       "      <td>43399</td>\n",
       "      <td>41724</td>\n",
       "      <td>41141</td>\n",
       "      <td>40062</td>\n",
       "      <td>40072</td>\n",
       "      <td>41538</td>\n",
       "      <td>40267</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Alabama</th>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>48123</td>\n",
       "      <td>46257</td>\n",
       "      <td>44765</td>\n",
       "      <td>42830</td>\n",
       "      <td>42849</td>\n",
       "      <td>41574</td>\n",
       "      <td>41415</td>\n",
       "      <td>40474</td>\n",
       "      <td>40489</td>\n",
       "      <td>42666</td>\n",
       "      <td>40554</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New Mexico</th>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>46744</td>\n",
       "      <td>46748</td>\n",
       "      <td>45382</td>\n",
       "      <td>44803</td>\n",
       "      <td>43872</td>\n",
       "      <td>42558</td>\n",
       "      <td>41963</td>\n",
       "      <td>42090</td>\n",
       "      <td>43028</td>\n",
       "      <td>43508</td>\n",
       "      <td>41452</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Louisiana</th>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>46145</td>\n",
       "      <td>45146</td>\n",
       "      <td>45727</td>\n",
       "      <td>44555</td>\n",
       "      <td>44164</td>\n",
       "      <td>42944</td>\n",
       "      <td>41734</td>\n",
       "      <td>42505</td>\n",
       "      <td>42429</td>\n",
       "      <td>43733</td>\n",
       "      <td>40926</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Arkansas</th>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>45869</td>\n",
       "      <td>45907</td>\n",
       "      <td>42798</td>\n",
       "      <td>44922</td>\n",
       "      <td>39376</td>\n",
       "      <td>39018</td>\n",
       "      <td>41302</td>\n",
       "      <td>38587</td>\n",
       "      <td>36538</td>\n",
       "      <td>39586</td>\n",
       "      <td>38134</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Mississippi</th>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>43529</td>\n",
       "      <td>41754</td>\n",
       "      <td>40593</td>\n",
       "      <td>39680</td>\n",
       "      <td>37963</td>\n",
       "      <td>37095</td>\n",
       "      <td>36919</td>\n",
       "      <td>36851</td>\n",
       "      <td>36646</td>\n",
       "      <td>37790</td>\n",
       "      <td>36338</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>West Virginia</th>\n",
       "      <td>51</td>\n",
       "      <td>43469</td>\n",
       "      <td>43385</td>\n",
       "      <td>42019</td>\n",
       "      <td>41059</td>\n",
       "      <td>41253</td>\n",
       "      <td>40196</td>\n",
       "      <td>38482</td>\n",
       "      <td>37218</td>\n",
       "      <td>37435</td>\n",
       "      <td>37989</td>\n",
       "      <td>37060</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                      Rank  Income2017  \\\n",
       "State                                    \n",
       "District of Columbia     1       82336   \n",
       "Maryland                 2       80776   \n",
       "New Jersey               3       80088   \n",
       "Hawaii                   4       77765   \n",
       "Massachusetts            5       77385   \n",
       "Connecticut              6       74168   \n",
       "New Hampshire            7       73381   \n",
       "Alaska                   8       73181   \n",
       "California               9       71805   \n",
       "Virginia                10       71535   \n",
       "Washington              11       70979   \n",
       "Colorado                12       69117   \n",
       "Minnesota               13       68388   \n",
       "Utah                    14       68358   \n",
       "New York                15       64894   \n",
       "Rhode Island            16       63870   \n",
       "Illinois                17       62992   \n",
       "Delaware                18       62852   \n",
       "North Dakota            19       61843   \n",
       "Wyoming                 20       60434   \n",
       "Oregon                  21       60212   \n",
       "Nebraska                22       59970   \n",
       "Wisconsin               23       59305   \n",
       "Texas                   24       59206   \n",
       "Pennsylvania            25       59195   \n",
       "Iowa                    26       58570   \n",
       "Nevada                  27       58003   \n",
       "Vermont                 28       57513   \n",
       "Arizona                 29       56581   \n",
       "South Dakota            30       56894   \n",
       "Kansas                  31       56422   \n",
       "Maine                   32       56277   \n",
       "Georgia                 33       56183   \n",
       "Michigan                34       54909   \n",
       "Indiana                 35       54181   \n",
       "Ohio                    36       54021   \n",
       "Missouri                37       53578   \n",
       "Montana                 38       53386   \n",
       "North Carolina          39       52752   \n",
       "Florida                 40       52594   \n",
       "Idaho                   41       52225   \n",
       "Tennessee               42       51340   \n",
       "South Carolina          43       50570   \n",
       "Oklahoma                44       50051   \n",
       "Kentucky                45       48375   \n",
       "Alabama                 46       48123   \n",
       "New Mexico              47       46744   \n",
       "Louisiana               48       46145   \n",
       "Arkansas                49       45869   \n",
       "Mississippi             50       43529   \n",
       "West Virginia           51       43469   \n",
       "\n",
       "                      Income2016  Income2015  \\\n",
       "State                                          \n",
       "District of Columbia       75506       75628   \n",
       "Maryland                   78945       75847   \n",
       "New Jersey                 76126       72222   \n",
       "Hawaii                     74511       73486   \n",
       "Massachusetts              75297       70628   \n",
       "Connecticut                73433       71346   \n",
       "New Hampshire              70936       70303   \n",
       "Alaska                     76440       73355   \n",
       "California                 67739       64500   \n",
       "Virginia                   68114       66262   \n",
       "Washington                 67106       64129   \n",
       "Colorado                   65685       63909   \n",
       "Minnesota                  65599       63488   \n",
       "Utah                       65977       62912   \n",
       "New York                   62909       60850   \n",
       "Rhode Island               60596       58073   \n",
       "Illinois                   60960       59588   \n",
       "Delaware                   61757       61255   \n",
       "North Dakota               60656       60557   \n",
       "Wyoming                    59882       60214   \n",
       "Oregon                     57532       54148   \n",
       "Nebraska                   56927       54996   \n",
       "Wisconsin                  56811       55638   \n",
       "Texas                      56565       55653   \n",
       "Pennsylvania               56907       55702   \n",
       "Iowa                       56247       54736   \n",
       "Nevada                     55180       52431   \n",
       "Vermont                    57677       56990   \n",
       "Arizona                    53558       51492   \n",
       "South Dakota               54467       53017   \n",
       "Kansas                     54935       53906   \n",
       "Maine                      53079       51494   \n",
       "Georgia                    53559       51244   \n",
       "Michigan                   52492       51084   \n",
       "Indiana                    52314       50532   \n",
       "Ohio                       52334       51075   \n",
       "Missouri                   51746       50238   \n",
       "Montana                    50027       49509   \n",
       "North Carolina             50584       47830   \n",
       "Florida                    50860       49426   \n",
       "Idaho                      51807       48275   \n",
       "Tennessee                  48547       47275   \n",
       "South Carolina             49501       47238   \n",
       "Oklahoma                   49176       48568   \n",
       "Kentucky                   46659       44765   \n",
       "Alabama                    46257       44765   \n",
       "New Mexico                 46748       45382   \n",
       "Louisiana                  45146       45727   \n",
       "Arkansas                   45907       42798   \n",
       "Mississippi                41754       40593   \n",
       "West Virginia              43385       42019   \n",
       "\n",
       "                      Income2014  Income2013  \\\n",
       "State                                          \n",
       "District of Columbia       71648       67572   \n",
       "Maryland                   73971       72483   \n",
       "New Jersey                 72919       70165   \n",
       "Hawaii                     69592       68020   \n",
       "Massachusetts              69160       66768   \n",
       "Connecticut                70048       67098   \n",
       "New Hampshire              66532       64230   \n",
       "Alaska                     71583       72237   \n",
       "California                 61933       60190   \n",
       "Virginia                   64902       62666   \n",
       "Washington                 61366       58405   \n",
       "Colorado                   61303       58823   \n",
       "Minnesota                  61481       60702   \n",
       "Utah                       60922       59770   \n",
       "New York                   58878       57369   \n",
       "Rhode Island               54891       55902   \n",
       "Illinois                   57444       56210   \n",
       "Delaware                   59716       57846   \n",
       "North Dakota               59029       55759   \n",
       "Wyoming                    57055       58752   \n",
       "Oregon                     51075       50251   \n",
       "Nebraska                   52686       51440   \n",
       "Wisconsin                  52622       51467   \n",
       "Texas                      53035       51704   \n",
       "Pennsylvania               53234       52007   \n",
       "Iowa                       53712       52229   \n",
       "Nevada                     51450       51230   \n",
       "Vermont                    54166       52578   \n",
       "Arizona                    50068       48510   \n",
       "South Dakota               50979       48947   \n",
       "Kansas                     52504       50972   \n",
       "Maine                      49462       46974   \n",
       "Georgia                    49321       47829   \n",
       "Michigan                   49847       48273   \n",
       "Indiana                    49446       47529   \n",
       "Ohio                       49308       48081   \n",
       "Missouri                   48363       46931   \n",
       "Montana                    46328       46972   \n",
       "North Carolina             46556       45906   \n",
       "Florida                    47463       46036   \n",
       "Idaho                      47861       46783   \n",
       "Tennessee                  44361       44297   \n",
       "South Carolina             45238       44163   \n",
       "Oklahoma                   47529       45690   \n",
       "Kentucky                   42958       43399   \n",
       "Alabama                    42830       42849   \n",
       "New Mexico                 44803       43872   \n",
       "Louisiana                  44555       44164   \n",
       "Arkansas                   44922       39376   \n",
       "Mississippi                39680       37963   \n",
       "West Virginia              41059       41253   \n",
       "\n",
       "                      Income2012  Income2011  \\\n",
       "State                                          \n",
       "District of Columbia       65246       66583   \n",
       "Maryland                   71836       70004   \n",
       "New Jersey                 69667       67458   \n",
       "Hawaii                     66259       61821   \n",
       "Massachusetts              65339       62859   \n",
       "Connecticut                67276       65753   \n",
       "New Hampshire              63280       62647   \n",
       "Alaska                     67712       67825   \n",
       "California                 58328       57287   \n",
       "Virginia                   61741       61882   \n",
       "Washington                 57573       56835   \n",
       "Colorado                   56765       55387   \n",
       "Minnesota                  58906       56954   \n",
       "Utah                       57049       55869   \n",
       "New York                   56448       55246   \n",
       "Rhode Island               54554       53636   \n",
       "Illinois                   55137       53234   \n",
       "Delaware                   54554       58814   \n",
       "North Dakota               53585       51704   \n",
       "Wyoming                    54901       56322   \n",
       "Oregon                     49161       46816   \n",
       "Nebraska                   50723       50296   \n",
       "Wisconsin                  51059       50395   \n",
       "Texas                      50740       49392   \n",
       "Pennsylvania               51230       50228   \n",
       "Iowa                       50957       49427   \n",
       "Nevada                     49760       48927   \n",
       "Vermont                    52997       52776   \n",
       "Arizona                    47826       46709   \n",
       "South Dakota               48362       48321   \n",
       "Kansas                     50241       48264   \n",
       "Maine                      46709       46033   \n",
       "Georgia                    47209       46007   \n",
       "Michigan                   46859       45981   \n",
       "Indiana                    46974       46438   \n",
       "Ohio                       46829       45749   \n",
       "Missouri                   45321       45247   \n",
       "Montana                    45076       44222   \n",
       "North Carolina             45150       43916   \n",
       "Florida                    45040       44299   \n",
       "Idaho                      45489       43341   \n",
       "Tennessee                  42764       41693   \n",
       "South Carolina             43107       43916   \n",
       "Oklahoma                   44312       43225   \n",
       "Kentucky                   41724       41141   \n",
       "Alabama                    41574       41415   \n",
       "New Mexico                 42558       41963   \n",
       "Louisiana                  42944       41734   \n",
       "Arkansas                   39018       41302   \n",
       "Mississippi                37095       36919   \n",
       "West Virginia              40196       38482   \n",
       "\n",
       "                      Income2010  Income2009  \\\n",
       "State                                          \n",
       "District of Columbia       63124       59290   \n",
       "Maryland                   68854       69272   \n",
       "New Jersey                 67681       68342   \n",
       "Hawaii                     63030       64098   \n",
       "Massachusetts              62072       64081   \n",
       "Connecticut                64032       67034   \n",
       "New Hampshire              61042       60567   \n",
       "Alaska                     64576       66953   \n",
       "California                 57708       58931   \n",
       "Virginia                   60674       59330   \n",
       "Washington                 55631       56548   \n",
       "Colorado                   54046       55430   \n",
       "Minnesota                  55459       55616   \n",
       "Utah                       54744       55117   \n",
       "New York                   54148       54659   \n",
       "Rhode Island               52254       54119   \n",
       "Illinois                   52972       53966   \n",
       "Delaware                   55847       56860   \n",
       "North Dakota               48670       47827   \n",
       "Wyoming                    53512       52664   \n",
       "Oregon                     46560       48457   \n",
       "Nebraska                   52504       48408   \n",
       "Wisconsin                  49001       49993   \n",
       "Texas                      48615       48259   \n",
       "Pennsylvania               49288       49520   \n",
       "Iowa                       47961       48044   \n",
       "Nevada                     51001       53341   \n",
       "Vermont                    49406       51618   \n",
       "Arizona                    46789       48745   \n",
       "South Dakota               45904       45043   \n",
       "Kansas                     48257       47817   \n",
       "Maine                      45815       45734   \n",
       "Georgia                    46430       44736   \n",
       "Michigan                   45413       45255   \n",
       "Indiana                    44613       45424   \n",
       "Ohio                       45090       45395   \n",
       "Missouri                   44301       45229   \n",
       "Montana                    42666       42322   \n",
       "North Carolina             43326       43674   \n",
       "Florida                    44409       44736   \n",
       "Idaho                      43490       44926   \n",
       "Tennessee                  41461       41725   \n",
       "South Carolina             42018       42442   \n",
       "Oklahoma                   42072       41664   \n",
       "Kentucky                   40062       40072   \n",
       "Alabama                    40474       40489   \n",
       "New Mexico                 42090       43028   \n",
       "Louisiana                  42505       42429   \n",
       "Arkansas                   38587       36538   \n",
       "Mississippi                36851       36646   \n",
       "West Virginia              37218       37435   \n",
       "\n",
       "                      Income2008  Income2007  \n",
       "State                                         \n",
       "District of Columbia       57936       54317  \n",
       "Maryland                   70545       68080  \n",
       "New Jersey                 70373       67035  \n",
       "Hawaii                     67214       63746  \n",
       "Massachusetts              65401       62365  \n",
       "Connecticut                68595       65967  \n",
       "New Hampshire              63731       62369  \n",
       "Alaska                     68460       64333  \n",
       "California                 61021       59948  \n",
       "Virginia                   61233       59562  \n",
       "Washington                 58078       55212  \n",
       "Colorado                   56993       55212  \n",
       "Minnesota                  57288       55802  \n",
       "Utah                       56633       55109  \n",
       "New York                   56013       53514  \n",
       "Rhode Island               55701       53568  \n",
       "Illinois                   56235       54124  \n",
       "Delaware                   57989       54610  \n",
       "North Dakota               46032       43531  \n",
       "Wyoming                    53207       51731  \n",
       "Oregon                     50169       48730  \n",
       "Nebraska                   49693       47085  \n",
       "Wisconsin                  52094       50578  \n",
       "Texas                      50043       47548  \n",
       "Pennsylvania               50713       48576  \n",
       "Iowa                       48980       47292  \n",
       "Nevada                     56361       55062  \n",
       "Vermont                    52104       49907  \n",
       "Arizona                    50958       49889  \n",
       "South Dakota               46032       43424  \n",
       "Kansas                     50177       47451  \n",
       "Maine                      46581       45888  \n",
       "Georgia                    50861       49136  \n",
       "Michigan                   48591       47950  \n",
       "Indiana                    47966       47448  \n",
       "Ohio                       47988       46597  \n",
       "Missouri                   46867       45114  \n",
       "Montana                    43654       43531  \n",
       "North Carolina             46549       44670  \n",
       "Florida                    47778       47804  \n",
       "Idaho                      47576       46253  \n",
       "Tennessee                  43614       42367  \n",
       "South Carolina             44625       43329  \n",
       "Oklahoma                   42822       41567  \n",
       "Kentucky                   41538       40267  \n",
       "Alabama                    42666       40554  \n",
       "New Mexico                 43508       41452  \n",
       "Louisiana                  43733       40926  \n",
       "Arkansas                   39586       38134  \n",
       "Mississippi                37790       36338  \n",
       "West Virginia              37989       37060  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "income_xls.set_index('State') #setting \"State\" as index     "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "id": "fb28465a",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Rank</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2017</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2016</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2015</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2014</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2013</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2012</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2011</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2010</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2009</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2008</th>\n",
       "      <th>Income2007</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>State</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>District of Columbia</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>82336</td>\n",
       "      <td>75506</td>\n",
       "      <td>75628</td>\n",
       "      <td>71648</td>\n",
       "      <td>67572</td>\n",
       "      <td>65246</td>\n",
       "      <td>66583</td>\n",
       "      <td>63124</td>\n",
       "      <td>59290</td>\n",
       "      <td>57936</td>\n",
       "      <td>54317</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Maryland</th>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>80776</td>\n",
       "      <td>78945</td>\n",
       "      <td>75847</td>\n",
       "      <td>73971</td>\n",
       "      <td>72483</td>\n",
       "      <td>71836</td>\n",
       "      <td>70004</td>\n",
       "      <td>68854</td>\n",
       "      <td>69272</td>\n",
       "      <td>70545</td>\n",
       "      <td>68080</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New Jersey</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>80088</td>\n",
       "      <td>76126</td>\n",
       "      <td>72222</td>\n",
       "      <td>72919</td>\n",
       "      <td>70165</td>\n",
       "      <td>69667</td>\n",
       "      <td>67458</td>\n",
       "      <td>67681</td>\n",
       "      <td>68342</td>\n",
       "      <td>70373</td>\n",
       "      <td>67035</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Hawaii</th>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>77765</td>\n",
       "      <td>74511</td>\n",
       "      <td>73486</td>\n",
       "      <td>69592</td>\n",
       "      <td>68020</td>\n",
       "      <td>66259</td>\n",
       "      <td>61821</td>\n",
       "      <td>63030</td>\n",
       "      <td>64098</td>\n",
       "      <td>67214</td>\n",
       "      <td>63746</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Massachusetts</th>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>77385</td>\n",
       "      <td>75297</td>\n",
       "      <td>70628</td>\n",
       "      <td>69160</td>\n",
       "      <td>66768</td>\n",
       "      <td>65339</td>\n",
       "      <td>62859</td>\n",
       "      <td>62072</td>\n",
       "      <td>64081</td>\n",
       "      <td>65401</td>\n",
       "      <td>62365</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Connecticut</th>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>74168</td>\n",
       "      <td>73433</td>\n",
       "      <td>71346</td>\n",
       "      <td>70048</td>\n",
       "      <td>67098</td>\n",
       "      <td>67276</td>\n",
       "      <td>65753</td>\n",
       "      <td>64032</td>\n",
       "      <td>67034</td>\n",
       "      <td>68595</td>\n",
       "      <td>65967</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New Hampshire</th>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>73381</td>\n",
       "      <td>70936</td>\n",
       "      <td>70303</td>\n",
       "      <td>66532</td>\n",
       "      <td>64230</td>\n",
       "      <td>63280</td>\n",
       "      <td>62647</td>\n",
       "      <td>61042</td>\n",
       "      <td>60567</td>\n",
       "      <td>63731</td>\n",
       "      <td>62369</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Alaska</th>\n",
       "      <td>8</td>\n",
       "      <td>73181</td>\n",
       "      <td>76440</td>\n",
       "      <td>73355</td>\n",
       "      <td>71583</td>\n",
       "      <td>72237</td>\n",
       "      <td>67712</td>\n",
       "      <td>67825</td>\n",
       "      <td>64576</td>\n",
       "      <td>66953</td>\n",
       "      <td>68460</td>\n",
       "      <td>64333</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>California</th>\n",
       "      <td>9</td>\n",
       "      <td>71805</td>\n",
       "      <td>67739</td>\n",
       "      <td>64500</td>\n",
       "      <td>61933</td>\n",
       "      <td>60190</td>\n",
       "      <td>58328</td>\n",
       "      <td>57287</td>\n",
       "      <td>57708</td>\n",
       "      <td>58931</td>\n",
       "      <td>61021</td>\n",
       "      <td>59948</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Virginia</th>\n",
       "      <td>10</td>\n",
       "      <td>71535</td>\n",
       "      <td>68114</td>\n",
       "      <td>66262</td>\n",
       "      <td>64902</td>\n",
       "      <td>62666</td>\n",
       "      <td>61741</td>\n",
       "      <td>61882</td>\n",
       "      <td>60674</td>\n",
       "      <td>59330</td>\n",
       "      <td>61233</td>\n",
       "      <td>59562</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Washington</th>\n",
       "      <td>11</td>\n",
       "      <td>70979</td>\n",
       "      <td>67106</td>\n",
       "      <td>64129</td>\n",
       "      <td>61366</td>\n",
       "      <td>58405</td>\n",
       "      <td>57573</td>\n",
       "      <td>56835</td>\n",
       "      <td>55631</td>\n",
       "      <td>56548</td>\n",
       "      <td>58078</td>\n",
       "      <td>55212</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Colorado</th>\n",
       "      <td>12</td>\n",
       "      <td>69117</td>\n",
       "      <td>65685</td>\n",
       "      <td>63909</td>\n",
       "      <td>61303</td>\n",
       "      <td>58823</td>\n",
       "      <td>56765</td>\n",
       "      <td>55387</td>\n",
       "      <td>54046</td>\n",
       "      <td>55430</td>\n",
       "      <td>56993</td>\n",
       "      <td>55212</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Minnesota</th>\n",
       "      <td>13</td>\n",
       "      <td>68388</td>\n",
       "      <td>65599</td>\n",
       "      <td>63488</td>\n",
       "      <td>61481</td>\n",
       "      <td>60702</td>\n",
       "      <td>58906</td>\n",
       "      <td>56954</td>\n",
       "      <td>55459</td>\n",
       "      <td>55616</td>\n",
       "      <td>57288</td>\n",
       "      <td>55802</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Utah</th>\n",
       "      <td>14</td>\n",
       "      <td>68358</td>\n",
       "      <td>65977</td>\n",
       "      <td>62912</td>\n",
       "      <td>60922</td>\n",
       "      <td>59770</td>\n",
       "      <td>57049</td>\n",
       "      <td>55869</td>\n",
       "      <td>54744</td>\n",
       "      <td>55117</td>\n",
       "      <td>56633</td>\n",
       "      <td>55109</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New York</th>\n",
       "      <td>15</td>\n",
       "      <td>64894</td>\n",
       "      <td>62909</td>\n",
       "      <td>60850</td>\n",
       "      <td>58878</td>\n",
       "      <td>57369</td>\n",
       "      <td>56448</td>\n",
       "      <td>55246</td>\n",
       "      <td>54148</td>\n",
       "      <td>54659</td>\n",
       "      <td>56013</td>\n",
       "      <td>53514</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Rhode Island</th>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>63870</td>\n",
       "      <td>60596</td>\n",
       "      <td>58073</td>\n",
       "      <td>54891</td>\n",
       "      <td>55902</td>\n",
       "      <td>54554</td>\n",
       "      <td>53636</td>\n",
       "      <td>52254</td>\n",
       "      <td>54119</td>\n",
       "      <td>55701</td>\n",
       "      <td>53568</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Illinois</th>\n",
       "      <td>17</td>\n",
       "      <td>62992</td>\n",
       "      <td>60960</td>\n",
       "      <td>59588</td>\n",
       "      <td>57444</td>\n",
       "      <td>56210</td>\n",
       "      <td>55137</td>\n",
       "      <td>53234</td>\n",
       "      <td>52972</td>\n",
       "      <td>53966</td>\n",
       "      <td>56235</td>\n",
       "      <td>54124</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Delaware</th>\n",
       "      <td>18</td>\n",
       "      <td>62852</td>\n",
       "      <td>61757</td>\n",
       "      <td>61255</td>\n",
       "      <td>59716</td>\n",
       "      <td>57846</td>\n",
       "      <td>54554</td>\n",
       "      <td>58814</td>\n",
       "      <td>55847</td>\n",
       "      <td>56860</td>\n",
       "      <td>57989</td>\n",
       "      <td>54610</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>North Dakota</th>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>61843</td>\n",
       "      <td>60656</td>\n",
       "      <td>60557</td>\n",
       "      <td>59029</td>\n",
       "      <td>55759</td>\n",
       "      <td>53585</td>\n",
       "      <td>51704</td>\n",
       "      <td>48670</td>\n",
       "      <td>47827</td>\n",
       "      <td>46032</td>\n",
       "      <td>43531</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Wyoming</th>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>60434</td>\n",
       "      <td>59882</td>\n",
       "      <td>60214</td>\n",
       "      <td>57055</td>\n",
       "      <td>58752</td>\n",
       "      <td>54901</td>\n",
       "      <td>56322</td>\n",
       "      <td>53512</td>\n",
       "      <td>52664</td>\n",
       "      <td>53207</td>\n",
       "      <td>51731</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Oregon</th>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>60212</td>\n",
       "      <td>57532</td>\n",
       "      <td>54148</td>\n",
       "      <td>51075</td>\n",
       "      <td>50251</td>\n",
       "      <td>49161</td>\n",
       "      <td>46816</td>\n",
       "      <td>46560</td>\n",
       "      <td>48457</td>\n",
       "      <td>50169</td>\n",
       "      <td>48730</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Nebraska</th>\n",
       "      <td>22</td>\n",
       "      <td>59970</td>\n",
       "      <td>56927</td>\n",
       "      <td>54996</td>\n",
       "      <td>52686</td>\n",
       "      <td>51440</td>\n",
       "      <td>50723</td>\n",
       "      <td>50296</td>\n",
       "      <td>52504</td>\n",
       "      <td>48408</td>\n",
       "      <td>49693</td>\n",
       "      <td>47085</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Wisconsin</th>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>59305</td>\n",
       "      <td>56811</td>\n",
       "      <td>55638</td>\n",
       "      <td>52622</td>\n",
       "      <td>51467</td>\n",
       "      <td>51059</td>\n",
       "      <td>50395</td>\n",
       "      <td>49001</td>\n",
       "      <td>49993</td>\n",
       "      <td>52094</td>\n",
       "      <td>50578</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Texas</th>\n",
       "      <td>24</td>\n",
       "      <td>59206</td>\n",
       "      <td>56565</td>\n",
       "      <td>55653</td>\n",
       "      <td>53035</td>\n",
       "      <td>51704</td>\n",
       "      <td>50740</td>\n",
       "      <td>49392</td>\n",
       "      <td>48615</td>\n",
       "      <td>48259</td>\n",
       "      <td>50043</td>\n",
       "      <td>47548</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Pennsylvania</th>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "      <td>59195</td>\n",
       "      <td>56907</td>\n",
       "      <td>55702</td>\n",
       "      <td>53234</td>\n",
       "      <td>52007</td>\n",
       "      <td>51230</td>\n",
       "      <td>50228</td>\n",
       "      <td>49288</td>\n",
       "      <td>49520</td>\n",
       "      <td>50713</td>\n",
       "      <td>48576</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Iowa</th>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>58570</td>\n",
       "      <td>56247</td>\n",
       "      <td>54736</td>\n",
       "      <td>53712</td>\n",
       "      <td>52229</td>\n",
       "      <td>50957</td>\n",
       "      <td>49427</td>\n",
       "      <td>47961</td>\n",
       "      <td>48044</td>\n",
       "      <td>48980</td>\n",
       "      <td>47292</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Nevada</th>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>58003</td>\n",
       "      <td>55180</td>\n",
       "      <td>52431</td>\n",
       "      <td>51450</td>\n",
       "      <td>51230</td>\n",
       "      <td>49760</td>\n",
       "      <td>48927</td>\n",
       "      <td>51001</td>\n",
       "      <td>53341</td>\n",
       "      <td>56361</td>\n",
       "      <td>55062</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Vermont</th>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "      <td>57513</td>\n",
       "      <td>57677</td>\n",
       "      <td>56990</td>\n",
       "      <td>54166</td>\n",
       "      <td>52578</td>\n",
       "      <td>52997</td>\n",
       "      <td>52776</td>\n",
       "      <td>49406</td>\n",
       "      <td>51618</td>\n",
       "      <td>52104</td>\n",
       "      <td>49907</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Arizona</th>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>56581</td>\n",
       "      <td>53558</td>\n",
       "      <td>51492</td>\n",
       "      <td>50068</td>\n",
       "      <td>48510</td>\n",
       "      <td>47826</td>\n",
       "      <td>46709</td>\n",
       "      <td>46789</td>\n",
       "      <td>48745</td>\n",
       "      <td>50958</td>\n",
       "      <td>49889</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>South Dakota</th>\n",
       "      <td>30</td>\n",
       "      <td>56894</td>\n",
       "      <td>54467</td>\n",
       "      <td>53017</td>\n",
       "      <td>50979</td>\n",
       "      <td>48947</td>\n",
       "      <td>48362</td>\n",
       "      <td>48321</td>\n",
       "      <td>45904</td>\n",
       "      <td>45043</td>\n",
       "      <td>46032</td>\n",
       "      <td>43424</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Kansas</th>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "      <td>56422</td>\n",
       "      <td>54935</td>\n",
       "      <td>53906</td>\n",
       "      <td>52504</td>\n",
       "      <td>50972</td>\n",
       "      <td>50241</td>\n",
       "      <td>48264</td>\n",
       "      <td>48257</td>\n",
       "      <td>47817</td>\n",
       "      <td>50177</td>\n",
       "      <td>47451</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Maine</th>\n",
       "      <td>32</td>\n",
       "      <td>56277</td>\n",
       "      <td>53079</td>\n",
       "      <td>51494</td>\n",
       "      <td>49462</td>\n",
       "      <td>46974</td>\n",
       "      <td>46709</td>\n",
       "      <td>46033</td>\n",
       "      <td>45815</td>\n",
       "      <td>45734</td>\n",
       "      <td>46581</td>\n",
       "      <td>45888</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Georgia</th>\n",
       "      <td>33</td>\n",
       "      <td>56183</td>\n",
       "      <td>53559</td>\n",
       "      <td>51244</td>\n",
       "      <td>49321</td>\n",
       "      <td>47829</td>\n",
       "      <td>47209</td>\n",
       "      <td>46007</td>\n",
       "      <td>46430</td>\n",
       "      <td>44736</td>\n",
       "      <td>50861</td>\n",
       "      <td>49136</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Michigan</th>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>54909</td>\n",
       "      <td>52492</td>\n",
       "      <td>51084</td>\n",
       "      <td>49847</td>\n",
       "      <td>48273</td>\n",
       "      <td>46859</td>\n",
       "      <td>45981</td>\n",
       "      <td>45413</td>\n",
       "      <td>45255</td>\n",
       "      <td>48591</td>\n",
       "      <td>47950</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Indiana</th>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>54181</td>\n",
       "      <td>52314</td>\n",
       "      <td>50532</td>\n",
       "      <td>49446</td>\n",
       "      <td>47529</td>\n",
       "      <td>46974</td>\n",
       "      <td>46438</td>\n",
       "      <td>44613</td>\n",
       "      <td>45424</td>\n",
       "      <td>47966</td>\n",
       "      <td>47448</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Ohio</th>\n",
       "      <td>36</td>\n",
       "      <td>54021</td>\n",
       "      <td>52334</td>\n",
       "      <td>51075</td>\n",
       "      <td>49308</td>\n",
       "      <td>48081</td>\n",
       "      <td>46829</td>\n",
       "      <td>45749</td>\n",
       "      <td>45090</td>\n",
       "      <td>45395</td>\n",
       "      <td>47988</td>\n",
       "      <td>46597</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Missouri</th>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "      <td>53578</td>\n",
       "      <td>51746</td>\n",
       "      <td>50238</td>\n",
       "      <td>48363</td>\n",
       "      <td>46931</td>\n",
       "      <td>45321</td>\n",
       "      <td>45247</td>\n",
       "      <td>44301</td>\n",
       "      <td>45229</td>\n",
       "      <td>46867</td>\n",
       "      <td>45114</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Montana</th>\n",
       "      <td>38</td>\n",
       "      <td>53386</td>\n",
       "      <td>50027</td>\n",
       "      <td>49509</td>\n",
       "      <td>46328</td>\n",
       "      <td>46972</td>\n",
       "      <td>45076</td>\n",
       "      <td>44222</td>\n",
       "      <td>42666</td>\n",
       "      <td>42322</td>\n",
       "      <td>43654</td>\n",
       "      <td>43531</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>North Carolina</th>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "      <td>52752</td>\n",
       "      <td>50584</td>\n",
       "      <td>47830</td>\n",
       "      <td>46556</td>\n",
       "      <td>45906</td>\n",
       "      <td>45150</td>\n",
       "      <td>43916</td>\n",
       "      <td>43326</td>\n",
       "      <td>43674</td>\n",
       "      <td>46549</td>\n",
       "      <td>44670</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Florida</th>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>52594</td>\n",
       "      <td>50860</td>\n",
       "      <td>49426</td>\n",
       "      <td>47463</td>\n",
       "      <td>46036</td>\n",
       "      <td>45040</td>\n",
       "      <td>44299</td>\n",
       "      <td>44409</td>\n",
       "      <td>44736</td>\n",
       "      <td>47778</td>\n",
       "      <td>47804</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Idaho</th>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>52225</td>\n",
       "      <td>51807</td>\n",
       "      <td>48275</td>\n",
       "      <td>47861</td>\n",
       "      <td>46783</td>\n",
       "      <td>45489</td>\n",
       "      <td>43341</td>\n",
       "      <td>43490</td>\n",
       "      <td>44926</td>\n",
       "      <td>47576</td>\n",
       "      <td>46253</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Tennessee</th>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>51340</td>\n",
       "      <td>48547</td>\n",
       "      <td>47275</td>\n",
       "      <td>44361</td>\n",
       "      <td>44297</td>\n",
       "      <td>42764</td>\n",
       "      <td>41693</td>\n",
       "      <td>41461</td>\n",
       "      <td>41725</td>\n",
       "      <td>43614</td>\n",
       "      <td>42367</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>South Carolina</th>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>50570</td>\n",
       "      <td>49501</td>\n",
       "      <td>47238</td>\n",
       "      <td>45238</td>\n",
       "      <td>44163</td>\n",
       "      <td>43107</td>\n",
       "      <td>43916</td>\n",
       "      <td>42018</td>\n",
       "      <td>42442</td>\n",
       "      <td>44625</td>\n",
       "      <td>43329</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Oklahoma</th>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>50051</td>\n",
       "      <td>49176</td>\n",
       "      <td>48568</td>\n",
       "      <td>47529</td>\n",
       "      <td>45690</td>\n",
       "      <td>44312</td>\n",
       "      <td>43225</td>\n",
       "      <td>42072</td>\n",
       "      <td>41664</td>\n",
       "      <td>42822</td>\n",
       "      <td>41567</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Kentucky</th>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>48375</td>\n",
       "      <td>46659</td>\n",
       "      <td>44765</td>\n",
       "      <td>42958</td>\n",
       "      <td>43399</td>\n",
       "      <td>41724</td>\n",
       "      <td>41141</td>\n",
       "      <td>40062</td>\n",
       "      <td>40072</td>\n",
       "      <td>41538</td>\n",
       "      <td>40267</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Alabama</th>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>48123</td>\n",
       "      <td>46257</td>\n",
       "      <td>44765</td>\n",
       "      <td>42830</td>\n",
       "      <td>42849</td>\n",
       "      <td>41574</td>\n",
       "      <td>41415</td>\n",
       "      <td>40474</td>\n",
       "      <td>40489</td>\n",
       "      <td>42666</td>\n",
       "      <td>40554</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>New Mexico</th>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>46744</td>\n",
       "      <td>46748</td>\n",
       "      <td>45382</td>\n",
       "      <td>44803</td>\n",
       "      <td>43872</td>\n",
       "      <td>42558</td>\n",
       "      <td>41963</td>\n",
       "      <td>42090</td>\n",
       "      <td>43028</td>\n",
       "      <td>43508</td>\n",
       "      <td>41452</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Louisiana</th>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>46145</td>\n",
       "      <td>45146</td>\n",
       "      <td>45727</td>\n",
       "      <td>44555</td>\n",
       "      <td>44164</td>\n",
       "      <td>42944</td>\n",
       "      <td>41734</td>\n",
       "      <td>42505</td>\n",
       "      <td>42429</td>\n",
       "      <td>43733</td>\n",
       "      <td>40926</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Arkansas</th>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>45869</td>\n",
       "      <td>45907</td>\n",
       "      <td>42798</td>\n",
       "      <td>44922</td>\n",
       "      <td>39376</td>\n",
       "      <td>39018</td>\n",
       "      <td>41302</td>\n",
       "      <td>38587</td>\n",
       "      <td>36538</td>\n",
       "      <td>39586</td>\n",
       "      <td>38134</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>Mississippi</th>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>43529</td>\n",
       "      <td>41754</td>\n",
       "      <td>40593</td>\n",
       "      <td>39680</td>\n",
       "      <td>37963</td>\n",
       "      <td>37095</td>\n",
       "      <td>36919</td>\n",
       "      <td>36851</td>\n",
       "      <td>36646</td>\n",
       "      <td>37790</td>\n",
       "      <td>36338</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>West Virginia</th>\n",
       "      <td>51</td>\n",
       "      <td>43469</td>\n",
       "      <td>43385</td>\n",
       "      <td>42019</td>\n",
       "      <td>41059</td>\n",
       "      <td>41253</td>\n",
       "      <td>40196</td>\n",
       "      <td>38482</td>\n",
       "      <td>37218</td>\n",
       "      <td>37435</td>\n",
       "      <td>37989</td>\n",
       "      <td>37060</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "                      Rank  Income2017  \\\n",
       "State                                    \n",
       "District of Columbia     1       82336   \n",
       "Maryland                 2       80776   \n",
       "New Jersey               3       80088   \n",
       "Hawaii                   4       77765   \n",
       "Massachusetts            5       77385   \n",
       "Connecticut              6       74168   \n",
       "New Hampshire            7       73381   \n",
       "Alaska                   8       73181   \n",
       "California               9       71805   \n",
       "Virginia                10       71535   \n",
       "Washington              11       70979   \n",
       "Colorado                12       69117   \n",
       "Minnesota               13       68388   \n",
       "Utah                    14       68358   \n",
       "New York                15       64894   \n",
       "Rhode Island            16       63870   \n",
       "Illinois                17       62992   \n",
       "Delaware                18       62852   \n",
       "North Dakota            19       61843   \n",
       "Wyoming                 20       60434   \n",
       "Oregon                  21       60212   \n",
       "Nebraska                22       59970   \n",
       "Wisconsin               23       59305   \n",
       "Texas                   24       59206   \n",
       "Pennsylvania            25       59195   \n",
       "Iowa                    26       58570   \n",
       "Nevada                  27       58003   \n",
       "Vermont                 28       57513   \n",
       "Arizona                 29       56581   \n",
       "South Dakota            30       56894   \n",
       "Kansas                  31       56422   \n",
       "Maine                   32       56277   \n",
       "Georgia                 33       56183   \n",
       "Michigan                34       54909   \n",
       "Indiana                 35       54181   \n",
       "Ohio                    36       54021   \n",
       "Missouri                37       53578   \n",
       "Montana                 38       53386   \n",
       "North Carolina          39       52752   \n",
       "Florida                 40       52594   \n",
       "Idaho                   41       52225   \n",
       "Tennessee               42       51340   \n",
       "South Carolina          43       50570   \n",
       "Oklahoma                44       50051   \n",
       "Kentucky                45       48375   \n",
       "Alabama                 46       48123   \n",
       "New Mexico              47       46744   \n",
       "Louisiana               48       46145   \n",
       "Arkansas                49       45869   \n",
       "Mississippi             50       43529   \n",
       "West Virginia           51       43469   \n",
       "\n",
       "                      Income2016  Income2015  \\\n",
       "State                                          \n",
       "District of Columbia       75506       75628   \n",
       "Maryland                   78945       75847   \n",
       "New Jersey                 76126       72222   \n",
       "Hawaii                     74511       73486   \n",
       "Massachusetts              75297       70628   \n",
       "Connecticut                73433       71346   \n",
       "New Hampshire              70936       70303   \n",
       "Alaska                     76440       73355   \n",
       "California                 67739       64500   \n",
       "Virginia                   68114       66262   \n",
       "Washington                 67106       64129   \n",
       "Colorado                   65685       63909   \n",
       "Minnesota                  65599       63488   \n",
       "Utah                       65977       62912   \n",
       "New York                   62909       60850   \n",
       "Rhode Island               60596       58073   \n",
       "Illinois                   60960       59588   \n",
       "Delaware                   61757       61255   \n",
       "North Dakota               60656       60557   \n",
       "Wyoming                    59882       60214   \n",
       "Oregon                     57532       54148   \n",
       "Nebraska                   56927       54996   \n",
       "Wisconsin                  56811       55638   \n",
       "Texas                      56565       55653   \n",
       "Pennsylvania               56907       55702   \n",
       "Iowa                       56247       54736   \n",
       "Nevada                     55180       52431   \n",
       "Vermont                    57677       56990   \n",
       "Arizona                    53558       51492   \n",
       "South Dakota               54467       53017   \n",
       "Kansas                     54935       53906   \n",
       "Maine                      53079       51494   \n",
       "Georgia                    53559       51244   \n",
       "Michigan                   52492       51084   \n",
       "Indiana                    52314       50532   \n",
       "Ohio                       52334       51075   \n",
       "Missouri                   51746       50238   \n",
       "Montana                    50027       49509   \n",
       "North Carolina             50584       47830   \n",
       "Florida                    50860       49426   \n",
       "Idaho                      51807       48275   \n",
       "Tennessee                  48547       47275   \n",
       "South Carolina             49501       47238   \n",
       "Oklahoma                   49176       48568   \n",
       "Kentucky                   46659       44765   \n",
       "Alabama                    46257       44765   \n",
       "New Mexico                 46748       45382   \n",
       "Louisiana                  45146       45727   \n",
       "Arkansas                   45907       42798   \n",
       "Mississippi                41754       40593   \n",
       "West Virginia              43385       42019   \n",
       "\n",
       "                      Income2014  Income2013  \\\n",
       "State                                          \n",
       "District of Columbia       71648       67572   \n",
       "Maryland                   73971       72483   \n",
       "New Jersey                 72919       70165   \n",
       "Hawaii                     69592       68020   \n",
       "Massachusetts              69160       66768   \n",
       "Connecticut                70048       67098   \n",
       "New Hampshire              66532       64230   \n",
       "Alaska                     71583       72237   \n",
       "California                 61933       60190   \n",
       "Virginia                   64902       62666   \n",
       "Washington                 61366       58405   \n",
       "Colorado                   61303       58823   \n",
       "Minnesota                  61481       60702   \n",
       "Utah                       60922       59770   \n",
       "New York                   58878       57369   \n",
       "Rhode Island               54891       55902   \n",
       "Illinois                   57444       56210   \n",
       "Delaware                   59716       57846   \n",
       "North Dakota               59029       55759   \n",
       "Wyoming                    57055       58752   \n",
       "Oregon                     51075       50251   \n",
       "Nebraska                   52686       51440   \n",
       "Wisconsin                  52622       51467   \n",
       "Texas                      53035       51704   \n",
       "Pennsylvania               53234       52007   \n",
       "Iowa                       53712       52229   \n",
       "Nevada                     51450       51230   \n",
       "Vermont                    54166       52578   \n",
       "Arizona                    50068       48510   \n",
       "South Dakota               50979       48947   \n",
       "Kansas                     52504       50972   \n",
       "Maine                      49462       46974   \n",
       "Georgia                    49321       47829   \n",
       "Michigan                   49847       48273   \n",
       "Indiana                    49446       47529   \n",
       "Ohio                       49308       48081   \n",
       "Missouri                   48363       46931   \n",
       "Montana                    46328       46972   \n",
       "North Carolina             46556       45906   \n",
       "Florida                    47463       46036   \n",
       "Idaho                      47861       46783   \n",
       "Tennessee                  44361       44297   \n",
       "South Carolina             45238       44163   \n",
       "Oklahoma                   47529       45690   \n",
       "Kentucky                   42958       43399   \n",
       "Alabama                    42830       42849   \n",
       "New Mexico                 44803       43872   \n",
       "Louisiana                  44555       44164   \n",
       "Arkansas                   44922       39376   \n",
       "Mississippi                39680       37963   \n",
       "West Virginia              41059       41253   \n",
       "\n",
       "                      Income2012  Income2011  \\\n",
       "State                                          \n",
       "District of Columbia       65246       66583   \n",
       "Maryland                   71836       70004   \n",
       "New Jersey                 69667       67458   \n",
       "Hawaii                     66259       61821   \n",
       "Massachusetts              65339       62859   \n",
       "Connecticut                67276       65753   \n",
       "New Hampshire              63280       62647   \n",
       "Alaska                     67712       67825   \n",
       "California                 58328       57287   \n",
       "Virginia                   61741       61882   \n",
       "Washington                 57573       56835   \n",
       "Colorado                   56765       55387   \n",
       "Minnesota                  58906       56954   \n",
       "Utah                       57049       55869   \n",
       "New York                   56448       55246   \n",
       "Rhode Island               54554       53636   \n",
       "Illinois                   55137       53234   \n",
       "Delaware                   54554       58814   \n",
       "North Dakota               53585       51704   \n",
       "Wyoming                    54901       56322   \n",
       "Oregon                     49161       46816   \n",
       "Nebraska                   50723       50296   \n",
       "Wisconsin                  51059       50395   \n",
       "Texas                      50740       49392   \n",
       "Pennsylvania               51230       50228   \n",
       "Iowa                       50957       49427   \n",
       "Nevada                     49760       48927   \n",
       "Vermont                    52997       52776   \n",
       "Arizona                    47826       46709   \n",
       "South Dakota               48362       48321   \n",
       "Kansas                     50241       48264   \n",
       "Maine                      46709       46033   \n",
       "Georgia                    47209       46007   \n",
       "Michigan                   46859       45981   \n",
       "Indiana                    46974       46438   \n",
       "Ohio                       46829       45749   \n",
       "Missouri                   45321       45247   \n",
       "Montana                    45076       44222   \n",
       "North Carolina             45150       43916   \n",
       "Florida                    45040       44299   \n",
       "Idaho                      45489       43341   \n",
       "Tennessee                  42764       41693   \n",
       "South Carolina             43107       43916   \n",
       "Oklahoma                   44312       43225   \n",
       "Kentucky                   41724       41141   \n",
       "Alabama                    41574       41415   \n",
       "New Mexico                 42558       41963   \n",
       "Louisiana                  42944       41734   \n",
       "Arkansas                   39018       41302   \n",
       "Mississippi                37095       36919   \n",
       "West Virginia              40196       38482   \n",
       "\n",
       "                      Income2010  Income2009  \\\n",
       "State                                          \n",
       "District of Columbia       63124       59290   \n",
       "Maryland                   68854       69272   \n",
       "New Jersey                 67681       68342   \n",
       "Hawaii                     63030       64098   \n",
       "Massachusetts              62072       64081   \n",
       "Connecticut                64032       67034   \n",
       "New Hampshire              61042       60567   \n",
       "Alaska                     64576       66953   \n",
       "California                 57708       58931   \n",
       "Virginia                   60674       59330   \n",
       "Washington                 55631       56548   \n",
       "Colorado                   54046       55430   \n",
       "Minnesota                  55459       55616   \n",
       "Utah                       54744       55117   \n",
       "New York                   54148       54659   \n",
       "Rhode Island               52254       54119   \n",
       "Illinois                   52972       53966   \n",
       "Delaware                   55847       56860   \n",
       "North Dakota               48670       47827   \n",
       "Wyoming                    53512       52664   \n",
       "Oregon                     46560       48457   \n",
       "Nebraska                   52504       48408   \n",
       "Wisconsin                  49001       49993   \n",
       "Texas                      48615       48259   \n",
       "Pennsylvania               49288       49520   \n",
       "Iowa                       47961       48044   \n",
       "Nevada                     51001       53341   \n",
       "Vermont                    49406       51618   \n",
       "Arizona                    46789       48745   \n",
       "South Dakota               45904       45043   \n",
       "Kansas                     48257       47817   \n",
       "Maine                      45815       45734   \n",
       "Georgia                    46430       44736   \n",
       "Michigan                   45413       45255   \n",
       "Indiana                    44613       45424   \n",
       "Ohio                       45090       45395   \n",
       "Missouri                   44301       45229   \n",
       "Montana                    42666       42322   \n",
       "North Carolina             43326       43674   \n",
       "Florida                    44409       44736   \n",
       "Idaho                      43490       44926   \n",
       "Tennessee                  41461       41725   \n",
       "South Carolina             42018       42442   \n",
       "Oklahoma                   42072       41664   \n",
       "Kentucky                   40062       40072   \n",
       "Alabama                    40474       40489   \n",
       "New Mexico                 42090       43028   \n",
       "Louisiana                  42505       42429   \n",
       "Arkansas                   38587       36538   \n",
       "Mississippi                36851       36646   \n",
       "West Virginia              37218       37435   \n",
       "\n",
       "                      Income2008  Income2007  \n",
       "State                                         \n",
       "District of Columbia       57936       54317  \n",
       "Maryland                   70545       68080  \n",
       "New Jersey                 70373       67035  \n",
       "Hawaii                     67214       63746  \n",
       "Massachusetts              65401       62365  \n",
       "Connecticut                68595       65967  \n",
       "New Hampshire              63731       62369  \n",
       "Alaska                     68460       64333  \n",
       "California                 61021       59948  \n",
       "Virginia                   61233       59562  \n",
       "Washington                 58078       55212  \n",
       "Colorado                   56993       55212  \n",
       "Minnesota                  57288       55802  \n",
       "Utah                       56633       55109  \n",
       "New York                   56013       53514  \n",
       "Rhode Island               55701       53568  \n",
       "Illinois                   56235       54124  \n",
       "Delaware                   57989       54610  \n",
       "North Dakota               46032       43531  \n",
       "Wyoming                    53207       51731  \n",
       "Oregon                     50169       48730  \n",
       "Nebraska                   49693       47085  \n",
       "Wisconsin                  52094       50578  \n",
       "Texas                      50043       47548  \n",
       "Pennsylvania               50713       48576  \n",
       "Iowa                       48980       47292  \n",
       "Nevada                     56361       55062  \n",
       "Vermont                    52104       49907  \n",
       "Arizona                    50958       49889  \n",
       "South Dakota               46032       43424  \n",
       "Kansas                     50177       47451  \n",
       "Maine                      46581       45888  \n",
       "Georgia                    50861       49136  \n",
       "Michigan                   48591       47950  \n",
       "Indiana                    47966       47448  \n",
       "Ohio                       47988       46597  \n",
       "Missouri                   46867       45114  \n",
       "Montana                    43654       43531  \n",
       "North Carolina             46549       44670  \n",
       "Florida                    47778       47804  \n",
       "Idaho                      47576       46253  \n",
       "Tennessee                  43614       42367  \n",
       "South Carolina             44625       43329  \n",
       "Oklahoma                   42822       41567  \n",
       "Kentucky                   41538       40267  \n",
       "Alabama                    42666       40554  \n",
       "New Mexico                 43508       41452  \n",
       "Louisiana                  43733       40926  \n",
       "Arkansas                   39586       38134  \n",
       "Mississippi                37790       36338  \n",
       "West Virginia              37989       37060  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "income_xlsx.set_index('State') #setting \"State\" as index"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "id": "47c3b8cb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>abb</th>\n",
       "      <th>region</th>\n",
       "      <th>division</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>State</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>alabama</th>\n",
       "      <td>al</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>east south central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>alaska</th>\n",
       "      <td>ak</td>\n",
       "      <td>west</td>\n",
       "      <td>pacific</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>arizona</th>\n",
       "      <td>az</td>\n",
       "      <td>west</td>\n",
       "      <td>mountain</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>arkansas</th>\n",
       "      <td>ar</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>west south central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>california</th>\n",
       "      <td>ca</td>\n",
       "      <td>west</td>\n",
       "      <td>pacific</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>colorado</th>\n",
       "      <td>co</td>\n",
       "      <td>west</td>\n",
       "      <td>mountain</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>connecticut</th>\n",
       "      <td>ct</td>\n",
       "      <td>northeast</td>\n",
       "      <td>new england</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>delaware</th>\n",
       "      <td>de</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>south atlantic</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>florida</th>\n",
       "      <td>fl</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>south atlantic</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>georgia</th>\n",
       "      <td>ga</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>south atlantic</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>hawaii</th>\n",
       "      <td>hi</td>\n",
       "      <td>west</td>\n",
       "      <td>pacific</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>idaho</th>\n",
       "      <td>id</td>\n",
       "      <td>west</td>\n",
       "      <td>mountain</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>illinois</th>\n",
       "      <td>il</td>\n",
       "      <td>north central</td>\n",
       "      <td>east north central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>indiana</th>\n",
       "      <td>in</td>\n",
       "      <td>north central</td>\n",
       "      <td>east north central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>iowa</th>\n",
       "      <td>ia</td>\n",
       "      <td>north central</td>\n",
       "      <td>west north central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>kansas</th>\n",
       "      <td>ks</td>\n",
       "      <td>north central</td>\n",
       "      <td>west north central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>kentucky</th>\n",
       "      <td>ky</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>east south central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>louisiana</th>\n",
       "      <td>la</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>west south central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>maine</th>\n",
       "      <td>me</td>\n",
       "      <td>northeast</td>\n",
       "      <td>new england</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>maryland</th>\n",
       "      <td>md</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>south atlantic</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>massachusetts</th>\n",
       "      <td>ma</td>\n",
       "      <td>northeast</td>\n",
       "      <td>new england</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>michigan</th>\n",
       "      <td>mi</td>\n",
       "      <td>north central</td>\n",
       "      <td>east north central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>minnesota</th>\n",
       "      <td>mn</td>\n",
       "      <td>north central</td>\n",
       "      <td>west north central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>mississippi</th>\n",
       "      <td>ms</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>east south central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>missouri</th>\n",
       "      <td>mo</td>\n",
       "      <td>north central</td>\n",
       "      <td>west north central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>montana</th>\n",
       "      <td>mt</td>\n",
       "      <td>west</td>\n",
       "      <td>mountain</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>nebraska</th>\n",
       "      <td>ne</td>\n",
       "      <td>north central</td>\n",
       "      <td>west north central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>nevada</th>\n",
       "      <td>nv</td>\n",
       "      <td>west</td>\n",
       "      <td>mountain</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>new hampshire</th>\n",
       "      <td>nh</td>\n",
       "      <td>northeast</td>\n",
       "      <td>new england</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>new jersey</th>\n",
       "      <td>nj</td>\n",
       "      <td>northeast</td>\n",
       "      <td>middle atlantic</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>new mexico</th>\n",
       "      <td>nm</td>\n",
       "      <td>west</td>\n",
       "      <td>mountain</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>new york</th>\n",
       "      <td>ny</td>\n",
       "      <td>northeast</td>\n",
       "      <td>middle atlantic</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>north carolina</th>\n",
       "      <td>nc</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>south atlantic</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>north dakota</th>\n",
       "      <td>nd</td>\n",
       "      <td>north central</td>\n",
       "      <td>west north central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>ohio</th>\n",
       "      <td>oh</td>\n",
       "      <td>north central</td>\n",
       "      <td>east north central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>oklahoma</th>\n",
       "      <td>ok</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>west south central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>oregon</th>\n",
       "      <td>or</td>\n",
       "      <td>west</td>\n",
       "      <td>pacific</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>pennsylvania</th>\n",
       "      <td>pa</td>\n",
       "      <td>northeast</td>\n",
       "      <td>middle atlantic</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>rhode island</th>\n",
       "      <td>ri</td>\n",
       "      <td>northeast</td>\n",
       "      <td>new england</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>south carolina</th>\n",
       "      <td>sc</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>south atlantic</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>south dakota</th>\n",
       "      <td>sd</td>\n",
       "      <td>north central</td>\n",
       "      <td>west north central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>tennessee</th>\n",
       "      <td>tn</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>east south central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>texas</th>\n",
       "      <td>tx</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>west south central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>utah</th>\n",
       "      <td>ut</td>\n",
       "      <td>west</td>\n",
       "      <td>mountain</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>vermont</th>\n",
       "      <td>vt</td>\n",
       "      <td>northeast</td>\n",
       "      <td>new england</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>virginia</th>\n",
       "      <td>va</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>south atlantic</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>washington</th>\n",
       "      <td>wa</td>\n",
       "      <td>west</td>\n",
       "      <td>pacific</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>west virginia</th>\n",
       "      <td>wv</td>\n",
       "      <td>south</td>\n",
       "      <td>south atlantic</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>wisconsin</th>\n",
       "      <td>wi</td>\n",
       "      <td>north central</td>\n",
       "      <td>east north central</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>wyoming</th>\n",
       "      <td>wy</td>\n",
       "      <td>west</td>\n",
       "      <td>mountain</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "               abb         region  \\\n",
       "State                               \n",
       "alabama         al          south   \n",
       "alaska          ak           west   \n",
       "arizona         az           west   \n",
       "arkansas        ar          south   \n",
       "california      ca           west   \n",
       "colorado        co           west   \n",
       "connecticut     ct      northeast   \n",
       "delaware        de          south   \n",
       "florida         fl          south   \n",
       "georgia         ga          south   \n",
       "hawaii          hi           west   \n",
       "idaho           id           west   \n",
       "illinois        il  north central   \n",
       "indiana         in  north central   \n",
       "iowa            ia  north central   \n",
       "kansas          ks  north central   \n",
       "kentucky        ky          south   \n",
       "louisiana       la          south   \n",
       "maine           me      northeast   \n",
       "maryland        md          south   \n",
       "massachusetts   ma      northeast   \n",
       "michigan        mi  north central   \n",
       "minnesota       mn  north central   \n",
       "mississippi     ms          south   \n",
       "missouri        mo  north central   \n",
       "montana         mt           west   \n",
       "nebraska        ne  north central   \n",
       "nevada          nv           west   \n",
       "new hampshire   nh      northeast   \n",
       "new jersey      nj      northeast   \n",
       "new mexico      nm           west   \n",
       "new york        ny      northeast   \n",
       "north carolina  nc          south   \n",
       "north dakota    nd  north central   \n",
       "ohio            oh  north central   \n",
       "oklahoma        ok          south   \n",
       "oregon          or           west   \n",
       "pennsylvania    pa      northeast   \n",
       "rhode island    ri      northeast   \n",
       "south carolina  sc          south   \n",
       "south dakota    sd  north central   \n",
       "tennessee       tn          south   \n",
       "texas           tx          south   \n",
       "utah            ut           west   \n",
       "vermont         vt      northeast   \n",
       "virginia        va          south   \n",
       "washington      wa           west   \n",
       "west virginia   wv          south   \n",
       "wisconsin       wi  north central   \n",
       "wyoming         wy           west   \n",
       "\n",
       "                          division  \n",
       "State                               \n",
       "alabama         east south central  \n",
       "alaska                     pacific  \n",
       "arizona                   mountain  \n",
       "arkansas        west south central  \n",
       "california                 pacific  \n",
       "colorado                  mountain  \n",
       "connecticut            new england  \n",
       "delaware            south atlantic  \n",
       "florida             south atlantic  \n",
       "georgia             south atlantic  \n",
       "hawaii                     pacific  \n",
       "idaho                     mountain  \n",
       "illinois        east north central  \n",
       "indiana         east north central  \n",
       "iowa            west north central  \n",
       "kansas          west north central  \n",
       "kentucky        east south central  \n",
       "louisiana       west south central  \n",
       "maine                  new england  \n",
       "maryland            south atlantic  \n",
       "massachusetts          new england  \n",
       "michigan        east north central  \n",
       "minnesota       west north central  \n",
       "mississippi     east south central  \n",
       "missouri        west north central  \n",
       "montana                   mountain  \n",
       "nebraska        west north central  \n",
       "nevada                    mountain  \n",
       "new hampshire          new england  \n",
       "new jersey         middle atlantic  \n",
       "new mexico                mountain  \n",
       "new york           middle atlantic  \n",
       "north carolina      south atlantic  \n",
       "north dakota    west north central  \n",
       "ohio            east north central  \n",
       "oklahoma        west south central  \n",
       "oregon                     pacific  \n",
       "pennsylvania       middle atlantic  \n",
       "rhode island           new england  \n",
       "south carolina      south atlantic  \n",
       "south dakota    west north central  \n",
       "tennessee       east south central  \n",
       "texas           west south central  \n",
       "utah                      mountain  \n",
       "vermont                new england  \n",
       "virginia            south atlantic  \n",
       "washington                 pacific  \n",
       "west virginia       south atlantic  \n",
       "wisconsin       east north central  \n",
       "wyoming                   mountain  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "region.set_index('State') #setting \"State\" as index  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "id": "ef84779d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#Data report\n",
    "#The data files should contain at least the fifty states\n",
    "#there are  five inhabited territories (Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, and US Virgin Islands)\n",
    "#I did not check if all the states in the set are correct. I have only randomly checked the names.\n",
    "#area        = 50 data points\n",
    "#crime       = 51 data points contains  District of Columbia\n",
    "#education   = 51 data points contains  District of Columbia \n",
    "#income_xls  = 51 data points contains  District of Columbia \n",
    "#income_xlsx = 51 data points contains  District of Columbia \n",
    "#region      = 50 data points"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "7893f8f4-10b6-4703-9ea6-d1a78bb9aca0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    " "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "9878dab3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "cfe151a8",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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