chore: introduce ruff formatter

[slowy07]

related issue: #4534

[terriko]

I'm tentatively interested in giving this a shot but...

• I need documentation for new contributors
• I need to run it in parallel with black and flake8 for a bit to see if they're finding different stuff of interest
• We need to do some other changes to make sure pyproject.toml works as expected -- last time it resulted in a bunch of build tools breaking because the rest of our config is in setup.py and some tools assume if you have pyproject.toml it's what you need to use.
• I am completely swamped with other work right now and have barely been allowed to carve out time to handle the "easy" pull requests so unless you're prepared to do a lot of work this one is going to languish for quite some time.

I'm going to approve this to run and see if anything weird happens when it runs so we can decide what to do next, but just be warned that there's a bunch of work that would need to be done before we can really start using ruff to replace the existing linters.