Directive information entities and the bearers of their concretizations

[gregfowlerphd]

Given the definition of ‘directive information entity’, only entities to which something can be indicated can bear concretizations of DIEs. But is that right? The first example given in the definition of ‘data format specification’, at least, seems to indicate not: Aren’t pieces of paper--to which, I take it, nothing can be indicated--among the bearers of concretizations of the ISO document specifying what encompasses an XML document?