parser.go

package json_v2

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/dimchansky/utfbom"
	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"

	"github.com/influxdata/telegraf"
	"github.com/influxdata/telegraf/internal"
	"github.com/influxdata/telegraf/metric"
	"github.com/influxdata/telegraf/plugins/parsers"
)

// Parser adheres to the parser interface, contains the parser configuration, and data required to parse JSON
type Parser struct {
	Configs           []Config          `toml:"json_v2"`
	DefaultMetricName string            `toml:"-"`
	DefaultTags       map[string]string `toml:"-"`
	Log               telegraf.Logger   `toml:"-"`

	// **** The struct fields below this comment are used for processing individual configs ****

	// measurementName is the name of the current config used in each line protocol
	measurementName string

	// **** Specific for object configuration ****
	// subPathResults contains the results of sub-gjson path expressions provided in fields/tags table within object config
	subPathResults []pathResult
	// iterateObjects dictates if ExpandArray function will handle objects
	iterateObjects bool
	// objectConfig contains the config for an object, some info is needed while iterating over the gjson results
	objectConfig Object
	// parseMutex is here because Parse() is not threadsafe.  If it is made threadsafe at some point, then we won't need it anymore.
	parseMutex sync.Mutex
}

type Config struct {
	MeasurementName     string `toml:"measurement_name"`      // OPTIONAL
	MeasurementNamePath string `toml:"measurement_name_path"` // OPTIONAL
	TimestampPath       string `toml:"timestamp_path"`        // OPTIONAL
	TimestampFormat     string `toml:"timestamp_format"`      // OPTIONAL, but REQUIRED when timestamp_path is defined
	TimestampTimezone   string `toml:"timestamp_timezone"`    // OPTIONAL, but REQUIRES timestamp_path

	Fields      []DataSet `toml:"field"`
	Tags        []DataSet `toml:"tag"`
	JSONObjects []Object  `toml:"object"`

	Location *time.Location
}

type DataSet struct {
	Path     string `toml:"path"` // REQUIRED
	Type     string `toml:"type"` // OPTIONAL, can't be set for tags they will always be a string
	Rename   string `toml:"rename"`
	Optional bool   `toml:"optional"` // Will suppress errors if there isn't a match with Path
}

type Object struct {
	Path               string            `toml:"path"`     // REQUIRED
	Optional           bool              `toml:"optional"` // Will suppress errors if there isn't a match with Path
	TimestampKey       string            `toml:"timestamp_key"`
	TimestampFormat    string            `toml:"timestamp_format"`   // OPTIONAL, but REQUIRED when timestamp_path is defined
	TimestampTimezone  string            `toml:"timestamp_timezone"` // OPTIONAL, but REQUIRES timestamp_path
	Renames            map[string]string `toml:"renames"`
	Fields             map[string]string `toml:"fields"`
	Tags               []string          `toml:"tags"`
	IncludedKeys       []string          `toml:"included_keys"`
	ExcludedKeys       []string          `toml:"excluded_keys"`
	DisablePrependKeys bool              `toml:"disable_prepend_keys"`
	FieldPaths         []DataSet         `toml:"field"`
	TagPaths           []DataSet         `toml:"tag"`
}

type pathResult struct {
	result gjson.Result
	tag    bool
	DataSet
}

type metricNode struct {
	ParentIndex int
	OutputName  string
	SetName     string
	Tag         bool
	DesiredType string // Can be "int", "uint", "float", "bool", "string"
	/*
		IncludeCollection is only used when processing objects and is responsible for containing the gjson results
		found by the gjson paths provided in the FieldPaths and TagPaths configs.
	*/
	IncludeCollection *pathResult

	Metric telegraf.Metric
	gjson.Result
}

func (p *Parser) Init() error {
	if len(p.Configs) == 0 {
		return errors.New("no configuration provided")
	}
	// Propagate the default metric name to the configs in case it is not set there
	for i, cfg := range p.Configs {
		if cfg.MeasurementName == "" {
			p.Configs[i].MeasurementName = p.DefaultMetricName
		}
		if cfg.TimestampTimezone != "" {
			loc, err := time.LoadLocation(cfg.TimestampTimezone)
			if err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("invalid timezone in config %d: %w", i+1, err)
			}
			p.Configs[i].Location = loc
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (p *Parser) Parse(input []byte) ([]telegraf.Metric, error) {
	// What we've done here is to put the entire former contents of Parse()
	// into parseCriticalPath().
	//
	// As we determine what bits of parseCriticalPath() are and are not
	// threadsafe, we can lift the safe pieces back up into Parse(), and
	// shrink the scope (or scopes, if the critical sections are disjoint)
	// of those pieces that need to be protected with a mutex.
	return p.parseCriticalPath(input)
}

func (p *Parser) parseCriticalPath(input []byte) ([]telegraf.Metric, error) {
	p.parseMutex.Lock()
	defer p.parseMutex.Unlock()

	// Clear intermediate results if left by previous call
	p.subPathResults = nil

	reader := strings.NewReader(string(input))
	body, _ := utfbom.Skip(reader)
	input, err := io.ReadAll(body)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to read body after BOM removal: %w", err)
	}

	// Only valid JSON is supported
	if !gjson.Valid(string(input)) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid JSON provided, unable to parse: %s", string(input))
	}

	var metrics []telegraf.Metric

	for _, c := range p.Configs {
		// Measurement name can either be hardcoded, or parsed from the JSON using a GJSON path expression
		p.measurementName = c.MeasurementName
		if c.MeasurementNamePath != "" {
			result := gjson.GetBytes(input, c.MeasurementNamePath)
			if !result.IsArray() && !result.IsObject() {
				p.measurementName = result.String()
			}
		}

		// timestamp defaults to current time, or can be parsed from the JSON using a GJSON path expression
		timestamp := time.Now()
		if c.TimestampPath != "" {
			result := gjson.GetBytes(input, c.TimestampPath)

			if result.Type == gjson.Null {
				p.Log.Debugf("Message: %s", input)
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("the timestamp path %q returned NULL", c.TimestampPath)
			}
			if !result.IsArray() && !result.IsObject() {
				if c.TimestampFormat == "" {
					err := errors.New("use of 'timestamp_path' requires 'timestamp_format'")
					return nil, err
				}

				var err error
				timestamp, err = internal.ParseTimestamp(c.TimestampFormat, result.String(), c.Location)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to parse timestamp %q: %w", result.String(), err)
				}
			}
		}

		fields, err := p.processMetric(input, c.Fields, false, timestamp)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		tags, err := p.processMetric(input, c.Tags, true, timestamp)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		objects, err := p.processObjects(input, c.JSONObjects, timestamp)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		metrics = append(metrics, cartesianProduct(tags, fields)...)

		if len(objects) != 0 && len(metrics) != 0 {
			metrics = cartesianProduct(objects, metrics)
		} else {
			metrics = append(metrics, objects...)
		}
	}

	for k, v := range p.DefaultTags {
		for _, t := range metrics {
			t.AddTag(k, v)
		}
	}

	return metrics, nil
}

// processMetric will iterate over all 'field' or 'tag' configs and create metrics for each
// A field/tag can either be a single value or an array of values, each resulting in its own metric
// For multiple configs, a set of metrics is created from the cartesian product of each separate config
func (p *Parser) processMetric(input []byte, data []DataSet, tag bool, timestamp time.Time) ([]telegraf.Metric, error) {
	if len(data) == 0 {
		return nil, nil
	}

	p.iterateObjects = false
	metrics := make([][]telegraf.Metric, 0, len(data))
	for _, c := range data {
		if c.Path == "" {
			return nil, errors.New("the GJSON path is required")
		}
		result := gjson.GetBytes(input, c.Path)
		if err := p.checkResult(result, c.Path); err != nil {
			if c.Optional {
				continue
			}
			return nil, err
		}

		if result.IsObject() {
			p.Log.Debugf("Found object in the path %q, ignoring it please use 'object' to gather metrics from objects", c.Path)
			continue
		}

		setName := c.Rename
		// Default to the last path word, should be the upper key name
		if setName == "" {
			s := strings.Split(c.Path, ".")
			setName = s[len(s)-1]
		}
		setName = strings.ReplaceAll(setName, " ", "_")

		mNode := metricNode{
			OutputName:  setName,
			SetName:     setName,
			DesiredType: c.Type,
			Tag:         tag,
			Metric: metric.New(
				p.measurementName,
				make(map[string]string),
				make(map[string]interface{}),
				timestamp,
			),
			Result:      result,
			ParentIndex: result.Index,
		}

		// Expand all array's and nested arrays into separate metrics
		nodes, err := p.expandArray(mNode, timestamp)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		metrics = append(metrics, nodes)
	}

	for i := 1; i < len(metrics); i++ {
		metrics[i] = cartesianProduct(metrics[i-1], metrics[i])
	}

	if len(metrics) == 0 {
		return nil, nil
	}

	return metrics[len(metrics)-1], nil
}

func cartesianProduct(a, b []telegraf.Metric) []telegraf.Metric {
	if len(a) == 0 {
		return b
	}
	if len(b) == 0 {
		return a
	}
	p := make([]telegraf.Metric, 0, len(a)*len(b))
	for _, a := range a {
		for _, b := range b {
			m := a.Copy()
			mergeMetric(b, m)
			p = append(p, m)
		}
	}

	return p
}

func mergeMetric(a, m telegraf.Metric) {
	for _, f := range a.FieldList() {
		m.AddField(f.Key, f.Value)
	}
	for _, t := range a.TagList() {
		m.AddTag(t.Key, t.Value)
	}
}

// expandArray will recursively create a new metricNode for each element in a JSON array or single value
func (p *Parser) expandArray(result metricNode, timestamp time.Time) ([]telegraf.Metric, error) {
	var results []telegraf.Metric

	if result.IsObject() {
		if !p.iterateObjects {
			p.Log.Debugf("Found object in query ignoring it please use 'object' to gather metrics from objects")
			return results, nil
		}
		r, err := p.combineObject(result, timestamp)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		results = append(results, r...)
		return results, nil
	}

	if result.IsArray() {
		var err error
		if result.IncludeCollection == nil && (len(p.objectConfig.FieldPaths) > 0 || len(p.objectConfig.TagPaths) > 0) {
			result.IncludeCollection = p.existsInpathResults(result.Index)
		}
		result.ForEach(func(_, val gjson.Result) bool {
			m := metric.New(
				p.measurementName,
				make(map[string]string),
				make(map[string]interface{}),
				timestamp,
			)
			if val.IsObject() {
				n := result
				n.Metric = m
				n.Result = val
				n.Index = val.Index - result.Index
				n.ParentIndex = n.Index + result.ParentIndex
				r, err := p.combineObject(n, timestamp)
				if err != nil {
					p.Log.Error(err)
					return false
				}

				results = append(results, r...)
				if len(results) != 0 {
					for _, newResult := range results {
						mergeMetric(result.Metric, newResult)
					}
				}
				return true
			}

			mergeMetric(result.Metric, m)
			n := result
			n.Metric = m
			n.Result = val
			n.Index = val.Index - result.Index
			n.ParentIndex = n.Index + result.ParentIndex
			r, err := p.expandArray(n, timestamp)
			if err != nil {
				p.Log.Error(err)
				return false
			}
			results = append(results, r...)
			return true
		})
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	} else {
		if p.objectConfig.TimestampKey != "" && result.SetName == p.objectConfig.TimestampKey {
			if p.objectConfig.TimestampFormat == "" {
				err := errors.New("use of 'timestamp_key' requires 'timestamp_format'")
				return nil, err
			}
			var loc *time.Location
			if p.objectConfig.TimestampTimezone != "" {
				var err error
				loc, err = time.LoadLocation(p.objectConfig.TimestampTimezone)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid timezone: %w", err)
				}
			}
			timestamp, err := internal.ParseTimestamp(p.objectConfig.TimestampFormat, result.String(), loc)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			result.Metric.SetTime(timestamp)
		} else {
			switch result.Value().(type) {
			case nil: // Ignore JSON values that are set as null
			default:
				outputName := result.OutputName
				desiredType := result.DesiredType

				if len(p.objectConfig.FieldPaths) > 0 || len(p.objectConfig.TagPaths) > 0 {
					var pathResult *pathResult
					// When IncludeCollection isn't nil, that means the current result is included in the collection.
					if result.IncludeCollection != nil {
						pathResult = result.IncludeCollection
					} else {
						// Verify that the result should be included based on the results of fieldpaths and tag paths
						pathResult = p.existsInpathResults(result.ParentIndex)
					}
					if pathResult == nil {
						return results, nil
					}
					if pathResult.tag {
						result.Tag = true
					}
					if !pathResult.tag {
						desiredType = pathResult.Type
					}
					if pathResult.Rename != "" {
						outputName = pathResult.Rename
					}
				}

				if result.Tag {
					desiredType = "string"
				}
				v, err := p.convertType(result.Result, desiredType, result.SetName)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, err
				}
				if result.Tag {
					result.Metric.AddTag(outputName, v.(string))
				} else {
					result.Metric.AddField(outputName, v)
				}
			}
		}

		results = append(results, result.Metric)
	}

	return results, nil
}

func (p *Parser) existsInpathResults(index int) *pathResult {
	for _, f := range p.subPathResults {
		if f.result.Index == index {
			return &f
		}

		// Indexes will be populated with all the elements that match on a `#(...)#` query
		for _, i := range f.result.Indexes {
			if i == index {
				return &f
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// processObjects will iterate over all 'object' configs and create metrics for each
func (p *Parser) processObjects(input []byte, objects []Object, timestamp time.Time) ([]telegraf.Metric, error) {
	p.iterateObjects = true
	var t []telegraf.Metric
	for _, c := range objects {
		p.objectConfig = c

		if c.Path == "" {
			return nil, errors.New("the GJSON path is required")
		}

		result := gjson.GetBytes(input, c.Path)
		if err := p.checkResult(result, c.Path); err != nil {
			if c.Optional {
				continue
			}
			return nil, err
		}

		scopedJSON := []byte(result.Raw)
		for _, f := range c.FieldPaths {
			var r pathResult
			r.result = gjson.GetBytes(scopedJSON, f.Path)
			if err := p.checkResult(r.result, f.Path); err != nil {
				if f.Optional {
					continue
				}
				return nil, err
			}
			r.DataSet = f
			p.subPathResults = append(p.subPathResults, r)
		}

		for _, f := range c.TagPaths {
			var r pathResult
			r.result = gjson.GetBytes(scopedJSON, f.Path)
			if err := p.checkResult(r.result, f.Path); err != nil {
				if f.Optional {
					continue
				}
				return nil, err
			}
			r.DataSet = f
			r.tag = true
			p.subPathResults = append(p.subPathResults, r)
		}

		rootObject := metricNode{
			Metric: metric.New(
				p.measurementName,
				make(map[string]string),
				make(map[string]interface{}),
				timestamp,
			),
			Result:      result,
			ParentIndex: 0,
		}

		metrics, err := p.expandArray(rootObject, timestamp)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		t = append(t, metrics...)
	}

	return t, nil
}

// combineObject will add all fields/tags to a single metric
// If the object has multiple array's as elements it won't comine those, they will remain separate metrics
func (p *Parser) combineObject(result metricNode, timestamp time.Time) ([]telegraf.Metric, error) {
	var results []telegraf.Metric
	if result.IsArray() || result.IsObject() {
		var err error
		result.ForEach(func(key, val gjson.Result) bool {
			// Determine if field/tag set name is configured
			var setName string
			if result.SetName != "" {
				setName = result.SetName + "_" + strings.ReplaceAll(key.String(), " ", "_")
			} else {
				setName = strings.ReplaceAll(key.String(), " ", "_")
			}

			if p.isExcluded(setName) || !p.isIncluded(setName, val) {
				return true
			}

			var outputName string
			if p.objectConfig.DisablePrependKeys {
				outputName = strings.ReplaceAll(key.String(), " ", "_")
			} else {
				outputName = setName
			}
			for k, n := range p.objectConfig.Renames {
				if k == setName {
					outputName = n
					break
				}
			}

			arrayNode := result
			arrayNode.ParentIndex += val.Index
			arrayNode.OutputName = outputName
			arrayNode.SetName = setName
			arrayNode.Result = val

			for k, t := range p.objectConfig.Fields {
				if setName == k {
					arrayNode.DesiredType = t
					break
				}
			}

			tag := false
			for _, t := range p.objectConfig.Tags {
				if setName == t {
					tag = true
					break
				}
			}

			arrayNode.Tag = tag

			if val.IsObject() {
				results, err = p.combineObject(arrayNode, timestamp)
				if err != nil {
					p.Log.Error(err)
					return false
				}
			} else {
				arrayNode.Index -= result.Index
				arrayNode.ParentIndex -= result.Index
				r, err := p.expandArray(arrayNode, timestamp)
				if err != nil {
					p.Log.Error(err)
					return false
				}
				results = cartesianProduct(r, results)
			}

			return true
		})

		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	return results, nil
}

func (p *Parser) isIncluded(key string, val gjson.Result) bool {
	if len(p.objectConfig.IncludedKeys) == 0 {
		return true
	}
	// automatically adds tags to included_keys so it does NOT have to be repeated in the config
	allKeys := append(p.objectConfig.IncludedKeys, p.objectConfig.Tags...)
	for _, i := range allKeys {
		if i == key {
			return true
		}
		if val.IsArray() || val.IsObject() {
			// Check if the included key is a sub element
			if strings.HasPrefix(i, key) {
				return true
			}
		}
	}
	return false
}

func (p *Parser) isExcluded(key string) bool {
	for _, i := range p.objectConfig.ExcludedKeys {
		if i == key {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

func (p *Parser) ParseLine(_ string) (telegraf.Metric, error) {
	return nil, errors.New("parsing line is not supported by JSON format")
}

func (p *Parser) SetDefaultTags(tags map[string]string) {
	p.DefaultTags = tags
}

// convertType will convert the value parsed from the input JSON to the specified type in the config
func (p *Parser) convertType(input gjson.Result, desiredType, name string) (interface{}, error) {
	switch inputType := input.Value().(type) {
	case string:
		switch desiredType {
		case "uint":
			r, err := strconv.ParseUint(inputType, 10, 64)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to convert field %q to type uint: %w", name, err)
			}
			return r, nil
		case "int":
			r, err := strconv.ParseInt(inputType, 10, 64)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to convert field %q to type int: %w", name, err)
			}
			return r, nil
		case "float":
			r, err := strconv.ParseFloat(inputType, 64)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to convert field %q to type float: %w", name, err)
			}
			return r, nil
		case "bool":
			r, err := strconv.ParseBool(inputType)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to convert field %q to type bool: %w", name, err)
			}
			return r, nil
		}
	case bool:
		switch desiredType {
		case "string":
			return strconv.FormatBool(inputType), nil
		case "int":
			if inputType {
				return int64(1), nil
			}

			return int64(0), nil
		case "uint":
			if inputType {
				return uint64(1), nil
			}

			return uint64(0), nil
		}
	case float64:
		switch desiredType {
		case "string":
			return fmt.Sprint(inputType), nil
		case "int":
			return input.Int(), nil
		case "uint":
			return input.Uint(), nil
		case "bool":
			if inputType == 0 {
				return false, nil
			} else if inputType == 1 {
				return true, nil
			} else {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to convert field %q to type bool", name)
			}
		}
	default:
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown format '%T' for field  %q", inputType, name)
	}

	return input.Value(), nil
}

// Check if gjson result exists and return error if it does not
func (p *Parser) checkResult(result gjson.Result, path string) error {
	if !result.Exists() {
		p.Log.Debugf("the path %q doesn't exist", path)
		return fmt.Errorf("the path %q doesn't exist", path)
	}

	return nil
}

func init() {
	// Register all variants
	parsers.Add("json_v2",
		func(defaultMetricName string) telegraf.Parser {
			return &Parser{DefaultMetricName: defaultMetricName}
		},
	)
}