FibonacciNumber.cpp

// Source : https://leetcode.com/problems/fibonacci-number/
// Author : Hao Chen
// Date   : 2019-03-26

/***************************************************************************************************** 
 *
 * The Fibonacci numbers, commonly denoted F(n) form a sequence, called the Fibonacci sequence, such 
 * that each number is the sum of the two preceding ones, starting from 0 and 1. That is,
 * 
 * F(0) = 0,   F(1) = 1
 * F(N) = F(N - 1) + F(N - 2), for N > 1.
 * 
 * Given N, calculate F(N).
 * 
 * Example 1:
 * 
 * Input: 2
 * Output: 1
 * Explanation: F(2) = F(1) + F(0) = 1 + 0 = 1.
 * 
 * Example 2:
 * 
 * Input: 3
 * Output: 2
 * Explanation: F(3) = F(2) + F(1) = 1 + 1 = 2.
 * 
 * Example 3:
 * 
 * Input: 4
 * Output: 3
 * Explanation: F(4) = F(3) + F(2) = 2 + 1 = 3.
 * 
 * Note:
 * 
 * 0 ≤ N ≤ 30.
 ******************************************************************************************************/

class Solution {
public:
    int fib(int N) {
        if (N < 2 )  return N;
        int first = 0, second = 1;

        for ( N-=1; N > 0; N-- ) {
            second += first;
            first = second - first;
        }
        return second;
    }
};