This project converts root certificate authority certificates provided by the Mozilla project into a .go package that can be statically compiled into a Go project.
Many Go programs need to access remote SSL/TLS services (eg. over https). The crypto/tls package validates remote certificates by loading public CA certificates from the filesystem as provided by the operating system (eg. in /etc/ssl).
This works well, unless the program is running in any environment where these certificates are not installed, are not accessible, or are out of date. This commonly occurs when running Go programs in a minimal docker container or the binary is distributed as-is to end users who may or may not be running the program on a machine with up to date certificates installed/accessible.
Compiling the root certificates into the program provides guaranteed stable access to them without external dependencies.
Instead of compiling the certificates into the binary, one could:
- Install packages at the OS level and mount /etc/ssl as a volume for the container
- Add a certificates layer to the image when defining the Dockerfile
Compiling the certificates may, however, be simpler to deploy in many cases and result in a predictable outcome whether the binary is executed in a container or on a host.
You may either use the certificates provided at the root level of this project, which are periodically refreshed, or use the gencerts tool to create a rootcerts.go file that may be copied into your project.
Calling the UpdateDefaultTransport method will make the certificates available
to the default http transport, which is sufficient for many projects.
The gencerts tool reads a certdata.txt file, either from the local filesystem, or directly from the Mozilla Mercurial site (though note, it uses https by default so does itself require local ca certificates!)
Note also that the format of certdata.txt changes occasionally, which may break the gencerts tool. Relying on -download for a production build process may thus be a bad idea!
gencerts -download -package mypackage -target rootcerts.gogencerts will generate a rootcerts.go and also a rootcerts_16.go if there are any certificate with a negative serial number. Only Go version 1.6 and later supports such certificates, so rootcerts_16.go uses a build flag to ensure compatibility with older versions of Go.
gencerts only outputs certificates that the certdata.txt file has labeled as a trusted delegator (ie. certificates that are suitable for use a certificate authority).
Certificates may be marked as trusted for servers, email or code signing.
Some of the information I came across while writing this tool:
- [https://github.com/ralphholz/root-store-archaeology]
- [http://curl.haxx.se/cvssource/lib/mk-ca-bundle.pl]
- Ubuntu ca-certificates package (certdata2pem.py)