diff --git a/bigframes/core/compile/aggregate_compiler.py b/bigframes/core/compile/aggregate_compiler.py
index 7059c4fdc1..9c1db0f162 100644
--- a/bigframes/core/compile/aggregate_compiler.py
+++ b/bigframes/core/compile/aggregate_compiler.py
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ def _(
     result = _is_true(column).any()
     return cast(
         ibis_types.BooleanScalar,
-        _apply_window_if_present(result, window).fillna(ibis_types.literal(True)),
+        _apply_window_if_present(result, window).fillna(ibis_types.literal(False)),
     )
 
 
diff --git a/tests/system/small/test_index.py b/tests/system/small/test_index.py
index 2961884ebf..1f39ba25fe 100644
--- a/tests/system/small/test_index.py
+++ b/tests/system/small/test_index.py
@@ -68,6 +68,10 @@ def test_index_has_duplicates(scalars_df_index, scalars_pandas_df_index):
     assert bf_result == pd_result
 
 
+def test_index_empty_has_duplicates():
+    assert not bpd.Index([]).has_duplicates
+
+
 def test_index_values(scalars_df_index, scalars_pandas_df_index):
     bf_result = scalars_df_index.index.values
     pd_result = scalars_pandas_df_index.index.values