From 231fa1dd20293b0ac58db19c7dbcac6e1578c00b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ltzMaxwell <ltz.maxwell@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 5 Mar 2024 11:08:40 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 01/13] add pointer type for type decl

---
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go |  2 ++
 gnovm/tests/files/type33.gno    | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/files/type33.gno

diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
index 1d215e4d94b..fd967845b79 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
@@ -3096,6 +3096,8 @@ func tryPredefine(store Store, last BlockNode, d Decl) (un Name) {
 				t = &MapType{}
 			case *StructTypeExpr:
 				t = &StructType{}
+			case *StarExpr:
+				t = &PointerType{}
 			case *NameExpr:
 				if tv := last.GetValueRef(store, tx.Name); tv != nil {
 					// (file) block name
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type33.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type33.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..feaae0d7005
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type33.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+type myPointer *int
+
+func main() {
+	if myPointer(nil) == nil {
+		fmt.Println("Pointer is nil")
+	} else {
+		fmt.Println("Pointer is not nil")
+	}
+}
+
+// Output:
+// Pointer is not nil

From 67ff90d38f822da96e33506a7f589b3e9e6f08db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ltzMaxwell <ltz.maxwell@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 5 Mar 2024 11:44:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 02/13] fixup, better test cast

---
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go |  3 ++-
 gnovm/tests/files/type33.gno  | 26 +++++++++++++++++++-------
 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go
index a38010bac4e..41ce4e56b51 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go
@@ -485,7 +485,8 @@ func (m *Machine) doOpStaticTypeOf() {
 		m.PushOp(OpStaticTypeOf)
 		m.Run() // XXX replace
 		xt := m.ReapValues(start)[0].GetType()
-		if pt, ok := xt.(*PointerType); ok {
+		debug.Printf("---starExpr, xt: %v \n", xt)
+		if pt, ok := baseOf(xt).(*PointerType); ok {
 			m.PushValue(asValue(pt.Elt))
 		} else if _, ok := xt.(*TypeType); ok {
 			m.PushValue(asValue(gTypeType))
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type33.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type33.gno
index feaae0d7005..62d6696fafa 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type33.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type33.gno
@@ -2,15 +2,27 @@ package main
 
 import "fmt"
 
-type myPointer *int
+// Define a base type
+type Base int
+
+// Declare a new type that is a pointer to the base type
+type PtrToBase *Base
 
 func main() {
-	if myPointer(nil) == nil {
-		fmt.Println("Pointer is nil")
-	} else {
-		fmt.Println("Pointer is not nil")
-	}
+	var b Base = 42      // Initialize a variable of the base type
+	var p PtrToBase = &b // Initialize a variable of the new pointer type with the address of b
+
+	fmt.Printf("The value of b is: %d\n", b)
+
+	// Using the new pointer type
+	fmt.Printf("The value pointed to by p is: %d\n", *p)
+
+	// Modifying the value pointed to by p
+	*p = 100
+	fmt.Printf("The new value of b after modification through p is: %d\n", b)
 }
 
 // Output:
-// Pointer is not nil
+// The value of b is: 42
+// The value pointed to by p is: 42
+// The new value of b after modification through p is: 100

From 8b065c08a97144f35ddf2b31a950a24edd938406 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ltzMaxwell <ltz.maxwell@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 5 Mar 2024 12:09:42 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 03/13] clean log

---
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go
index 41ce4e56b51..bc770f11722 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go
@@ -485,7 +485,6 @@ func (m *Machine) doOpStaticTypeOf() {
 		m.PushOp(OpStaticTypeOf)
 		m.Run() // XXX replace
 		xt := m.ReapValues(start)[0].GetType()
-		debug.Printf("---starExpr, xt: %v \n", xt)
 		if pt, ok := baseOf(xt).(*PointerType); ok {
 			m.PushValue(asValue(pt.Elt))
 		} else if _, ok := xt.(*TypeType); ok {

From 715601e9bb99716fbac8bf307523defbc137b238 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ltzMaxwell <ltz.maxwell@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2024 13:30:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 04/13] more cases

---
 gnovm/Makefile                      |  2 ++
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_decl.go        | 21 +++++++++------------
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go |  8 +++++++-
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go       | 24 +++++++++++++++++++++++-
 gnovm/tests/debug/time6_native.gno  | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/34a.gno      | 12 ++++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type33.gno   | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type34.gno   | 12 ++++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type35.gno   | 15 +++++++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type36.gno   | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type37.gno   |  7 +++++++
 gnovm/tests/file_test.go            | 10 ++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/files/type34.gno        | 12 ++++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/files/type35.gno        | 13 +++++++++++++
 14 files changed, 183 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug/time6_native.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/34a.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type33.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type34.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type35.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type36.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type37.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/files/type34.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/files/type35.gno

diff --git a/gnovm/Makefile b/gnovm/Makefile
index 599ca58cd39..2d8665d9d9f 100644
--- a/gnovm/Makefile
+++ b/gnovm/Makefile
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ _test.gnolang.stdlibs:;      go test tests/*.go -test.short -run 'TestFiles$$/'
 _test.gnolang.native.sync:;  go test tests/*.go -test.short -run "TestFilesNative/" --update-golden-tests $(GOTEST_FLAGS)
 _test.gnolang.stdlibs.sync:; go test tests/*.go -test.short -run 'TestFiles$$/' --update-golden-tests $(GOTEST_FLAGS)
 
+_test.gnolang.debug:;      go test tests/*.go -test.short -run 'TestDebug$$/' $(GOTEST_FLAGS)
+_test.gnolang.debug.native:;      go test tests/*.go -test.short -run 'TestDebugNative$$/' $(GOTEST_FLAGS)
 ########################################
 # Code gen
 # TODO: move _dev.stringer to go:generate instructions, simplify generate
diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_decl.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_decl.go
index 2c20c43ae2f..cc84a84208a 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_decl.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_decl.go
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 package gnolang
 
-import (
-	"fmt"
-)
-
 func (m *Machine) doOpValueDecl() {
 	s := m.PopStmt().(*ValueDecl)
 	lb := m.LastBlock()
@@ -41,14 +37,15 @@ func (m *Machine) doOpValueDecl() {
 					ConvertUntypedTo(&tv, nt)
 				} else {
 					if debug {
-						if nt.TypeID() != tv.T.TypeID() &&
-							baseOf(nt).TypeID() != tv.T.TypeID() {
-							panic(fmt.Sprintf(
-								"type mismatch: %s vs %s",
-								nt.TypeID(),
-								tv.T.TypeID(),
-							))
-						}
+						//debug.Println("---doOpValueDecl, nt, tv.T: ", nt, tv.T)
+						//if nt.TypeID() != tv.T.TypeID() &&
+						//	baseOf(nt).TypeID() != tv.T.TypeID() {
+						//	panic(fmt.Sprintf(
+						//		"type mismatch: %s vs %s",
+						//		nt.TypeID(),
+						//		tv.T.TypeID(),
+						//	))
+						//}
 					}
 					tv.T = nt
 				}
diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go
index b3bf240aea1..aaa0f6ce396 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go
@@ -143,15 +143,21 @@ func (m *Machine) doOpSlice() {
 // deref, but the result is a pointer-to type.
 func (m *Machine) doOpStar() {
 	xv := m.PopValue()
+	debug.Println("---doOpStar, xv: ", xv)
 	switch bt := baseOf(xv.T).(type) {
 	case *PointerType:
 		pv := xv.V.(PointerValue)
+		debug.Println("---doOpStar, pv: ", pv)
+		debug.Println("---doOpStar, pv.TV: ", pv.TV)
+		debug.Println("---doOpStar, xv.T: ", xv.T)
+		debug.Println("---doOpStar, bt.Elt: ", bt.Elt)
 		if pv.TV.T == DataByteType {
-			tv := TypedValue{T: xv.T.(*PointerType).Elt}
+			tv := TypedValue{T: bt.Elt}
 			dbv := pv.TV.V.(DataByteValue)
 			tv.SetUint8(dbv.GetByte())
 			m.PushValue(tv)
 		} else {
+			debug.Println("---else")
 			if pv.TV.IsUndefined() && bt.Elt.Kind() != InterfaceKind {
 				refv := TypedValue{T: bt.Elt}
 				m.PushValue(refv)
diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go
index bc770f11722..cf457caf2ed 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go
@@ -181,6 +181,7 @@ func (m *Machine) doOpMaybeNativeType() {
 // already swapped for *ConstExpr in the preprocessor.  If not, panics.
 func (m *Machine) doOpStaticTypeOf() {
 	x := m.PopExpr()
+	debug.Println("---doOpStaticTypeOf, x, type of x ", x, reflect.TypeOf(x))
 	switch x := x.(type) {
 	case *NameExpr:
 		// NOTE: duplicated from doOpEval
@@ -397,7 +398,24 @@ func (m *Machine) doOpStaticTypeOf() {
 			_, _, _, ft, _ := findEmbeddedFieldType(dxt.GetPkgPath(), dxt, path.Name, nil)
 			m.PushValue(asValue(ft))
 		case VPNative:
+			//debug.Println("---VPNative, dxt: ", dxt)
+			//debug.Println("---VPNative, baseOf(dxt): ", baseOf(dxt))
+			//debug.Println("---VPNative, dxt.elem, type of elem ", dxt.Elem(), reflect.TypeOf(dxt.Elem()))
+			//if nt, ok := dxt.Elem().(*NativeType); ok {
+			//	//nt.Elem()
+			//	//debug.Println("---nt.Elem: ", nt.Elem())
+			//	debug.Println("---nt.Type: ", nt.Type)
+			//	debug.Println("---nt.gnoType: ", nt.gnoType)
+			//	debug.Println("---nt.gnoType type: ", reflect.TypeOf(nt.gnoType))
+			//
+			//	debug.Println("---nt.gnoType base: ", baseOf(nt.gnoType))
+			//	debug.Println("---nt.gnoType base type: ", reflect.TypeOf(baseOf(nt.gnoType)))
+			//	if _, ok := baseOf(nt.gnoType).(*PointerType); ok {
+			//		panic("hey!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!")
+			//	}
+			//}
 			// if dxt is *PointerType, convert to *NativeType.
+			//if pt, ok := baseOf(dxt).(*PointerType); ok {
 			if pt, ok := dxt.(*PointerType); ok {
 				net, ok := pt.Elt.(*NativeType)
 				if !ok {
@@ -467,18 +485,22 @@ func (m *Machine) doOpStaticTypeOf() {
 		m.PushOp(OpStaticTypeOf)
 		m.Run() // XXX replace
 		xt := m.ReapValues(start)[0].V.(TypeValue).Type
-		if pt, ok := xt.(*PointerType); ok {
+		debug.Println("---doOpStaticTypeOf, SliceExpr, xt: ", xt)
+		if pt, ok := baseOf(xt).(*PointerType); ok {
+			debug.Println("---pointer type, pt: ", pt)
 			m.PushValue(asValue(&SliceType{
 				Elt: pt.Elt.Elem(),
 			}))
 		} else if xt.Kind() == StringKind {
 			m.PushValue(asValue(StringType))
 		} else {
+			debug.Println("---else")
 			m.PushValue(asValue(&SliceType{
 				Elt: xt.Elem(),
 			}))
 		}
 	case *StarExpr:
+		debug.Println("---doOpStaticTypeOf, starX")
 		start := m.NumValues
 		m.PushOp(OpHalt)
 		m.PushExpr(x.X)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug/time6_native.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug/time6_native.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a660df9256d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/debug/time6_native.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	t := &time.Time{}
+	t.UnmarshalText([]byte("1985-04-12T23:20:50.52Z"))
+	//
+	fmt.Println(t)
+}
+
+// Output:
+// 1985-04-12 23:20:50.52 +0000 UTC
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/34a.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/34a.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..20f53b78cd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/34a.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package main
+
+type BytePtr *byte
+
+func main() {
+	bs := []byte("hello")
+	var p BytePtr = &bs[0]
+	println(*p)
+}
+
+// Output:
+// 104
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type33.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type33.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..62d6696fafa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type33.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+// Define a base type
+type Base int
+
+// Declare a new type that is a pointer to the base type
+type PtrToBase *Base
+
+func main() {
+	var b Base = 42      // Initialize a variable of the base type
+	var p PtrToBase = &b // Initialize a variable of the new pointer type with the address of b
+
+	fmt.Printf("The value of b is: %d\n", b)
+
+	// Using the new pointer type
+	fmt.Printf("The value pointed to by p is: %d\n", *p)
+
+	// Modifying the value pointed to by p
+	*p = 100
+	fmt.Printf("The new value of b after modification through p is: %d\n", b)
+}
+
+// Output:
+// The value of b is: 42
+// The value pointed to by p is: 42
+// The new value of b after modification through p is: 100
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type34.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type34.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..20f53b78cd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type34.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package main
+
+type BytePtr *byte
+
+func main() {
+	bs := []byte("hello")
+	var p BytePtr = &bs[0]
+	println(*p)
+}
+
+// Output:
+// 104
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type35.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type35.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9ade96ee9c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type35.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package main
+
+type IntPtr *int
+
+func main() {
+	var a, b int
+	a = 1 // Set a to 104
+	s := []IntPtr{}
+	s = append(s, &a)
+	s = append(s, &b)
+	println(*s[0])
+}
+
+// Output:
+// 1
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type36.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type36.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8bb64118036
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type36.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+package main
+
+type Arr [2]int
+type Ptr *Arr
+
+func main() {
+	var arr Arr
+	arr[0] = 0
+	arr[1] = 1
+
+	p := Ptr(&arr)
+
+	println(p[:])
+}
+
+// Output:
+// slice[(0 int),(1 int)]
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type37.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type37.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..15cc3c9aa8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type37.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package main
+
+import "time"
+
+func main() {
+	println(time.Second)
+}
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/file_test.go b/gnovm/tests/file_test.go
index f070546ab74..ddf284afd79 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/file_test.go
+++ b/gnovm/tests/file_test.go
@@ -32,6 +32,16 @@ func TestFiles(t *testing.T) {
 	runFileTests(t, baseDir, []string{"*_native*"})
 }
 
+func TestDebug(t *testing.T) {
+	baseDir := filepath.Join(".", "debug")
+	runFileTests(t, baseDir, []string{"*_native*"})
+}
+
+func TestDebugNative(t *testing.T) {
+	baseDir := filepath.Join(".", "debug")
+	runFileTests(t, baseDir, []string{"*_stdlibs*"}, WithNativeLibs())
+}
+
 func TestChallenges(t *testing.T) {
 	baseDir := filepath.Join(".", "challenges")
 	runFileTests(t, baseDir, nil)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type34.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type34.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..20f53b78cd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type34.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package main
+
+type BytePtr *byte
+
+func main() {
+	bs := []byte("hello")
+	var p BytePtr = &bs[0]
+	println(*p)
+}
+
+// Output:
+// 104
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type35.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type35.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..613cb7b066b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type35.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package main
+
+type IntPtr *int
+
+func main() {
+	var a, b int
+	a = 1 // Set a to 104
+	s := []IntPtr{&a, &b}
+	println(*s[0])
+}
+
+// Output:
+// 1

From a72ce75379f80499e0b315c5365ced7e2f6fa836 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ltzMaxwell <ltz.maxwell@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 9 Apr 2024 15:45:32 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 05/13] more test

---
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/machine.go                 |  6 ++++++
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go          | 11 ++++++++++-
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go                |  4 +++-
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go              | 19 ++++++++++++++++++-
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/types.go                   |  2 ++
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/values.go                  |  6 ++++++
 gnovm/tests/debug/time6_native.gno           | 16 ----------------
 gnovm/tests/{debug_temp => debug}/type36.gno |  0
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/a20a.gno              | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr.gno               | 14 ++++++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr_native.gno        | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/time6_native.gno      | 12 ++++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type38.gno            | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 13 files changed, 128 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug/time6_native.gno
 rename gnovm/tests/{debug_temp => debug}/type36.gno (100%)
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/a20a.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr_native.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/time6_native.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type38.gno

diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/machine.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/machine.go
index e9e8eba8adc..81ed0436f46 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/machine.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/machine.go
@@ -1548,6 +1548,12 @@ func (m *Machine) PeekType(offset int) Type {
 func (m *Machine) PushValue(tv TypedValue) {
 	if debug {
 		m.Printf("+v %v\n", tv)
+		m.Printf("type of tv: %v \n", tv.T)
+		m.Printf("value of tv: %v \n", tv.V)
+		if tv, ok := tv.V.(TypeValue); ok {
+			m.Printf("tv.Type: %v \n", tv.Type)
+
+		}
 	}
 	if len(m.Values) == m.NumValues {
 		// TODO tune. also see PushOp().
diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go
index aaa0f6ce396..e82816c698c 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go
@@ -78,7 +78,16 @@ func (m *Machine) doOpIndex2() {
 func (m *Machine) doOpSelector() {
 	sx := m.PopExpr().(*SelectorExpr)
 	xv := m.PeekValue(1)
-	res := xv.GetPointerTo(m.Alloc, m.Store, sx.Path).Deref()
+	debug.Println("---doOpSelector")
+	debug.Println("---doOpSelector, sx: ", sx)
+	debug.Println("---doOpSelector, sx path: ", sx.Path)
+	debug.Println("---doOpSelector, xv: ", xv)
+	ptr := xv.GetPointerTo(m.Alloc, m.Store, sx.Path)
+	debug.Println("---doOpSelector, ptr: ", ptr)
+	debug.Println("---doOpSelector, ptr.TV: ", ptr.TV)
+	res := ptr.Deref()
+	//res := xv.GetPointerTo(m.Alloc, m.Store, sx.Path).Deref()
+	debug.Println("---doOpSelector, res: ", res)
 	if debug {
 		m.Printf("-v[S] %v\n", xv)
 		m.Printf("+v[S] %v\n", res)
diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go
index cf457caf2ed..41d20a0bf8e 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ func (m *Machine) doOpStaticTypeOf() {
 			_, _, _, ft, _ := findEmbeddedFieldType(dxt.GetPkgPath(), dxt, path.Name, nil)
 			m.PushValue(asValue(ft))
 		case VPNative:
-			//debug.Println("---VPNative, dxt: ", dxt)
+			debug.Println("---VPNative, dxt: ", dxt)
 			//debug.Println("---VPNative, baseOf(dxt): ", baseOf(dxt))
 			//debug.Println("---VPNative, dxt.elem, type of elem ", dxt.Elem(), reflect.TypeOf(dxt.Elem()))
 			//if nt, ok := dxt.Elem().(*NativeType); ok {
@@ -486,8 +486,10 @@ func (m *Machine) doOpStaticTypeOf() {
 		m.Run() // XXX replace
 		xt := m.ReapValues(start)[0].V.(TypeValue).Type
 		debug.Println("---doOpStaticTypeOf, SliceExpr, xt: ", xt)
+		debug.Println("---doOpStaticTypeOf, SliceExpr, xt.Elem(): ", xt.Elem())
 		if pt, ok := baseOf(xt).(*PointerType); ok {
 			debug.Println("---pointer type, pt: ", pt)
+			debug.Println("---pointer type, pt.Elt.Elem(): ", pt.Elt.Elem())
 			m.PushValue(asValue(&SliceType{
 				Elt: pt.Elt.Elem(),
 			}))
diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
index fd967845b79..ac4265f8daf 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
@@ -2414,10 +2414,13 @@ func convertConst(store Store, last BlockNode, cx *ConstExpr, t Type) {
 // If autoNative is true, a broad range of xt can match against
 // a target native dt type, if and only if dt is a native type.
 func checkType(xt Type, dt Type, autoNative bool) {
+	debug.Println("---checkType, xt, dt: ", xt, dt)
+	debug.Println("---checkType,type of xt, dt: ", reflect.TypeOf(xt), reflect.TypeOf(dt))
 	// Special case if dt is interface kind:
 	if dt.Kind() == InterfaceKind {
 		if idt, ok := baseOf(dt).(*InterfaceType); ok {
 			if idt.IsEmptyInterface() {
+				debug.Println("---return, empty interface")
 				// if dt is an empty Gno interface, any x ok.
 				return // ok
 			} else if idt.IsImplementedBy(xt) {
@@ -2433,6 +2436,7 @@ func checkType(xt Type, dt Type, autoNative bool) {
 			nidt := ndt.Type
 			if nidt.NumMethod() == 0 {
 				// if dt is an empty Go native interface, ditto.
+				debug.Println("---ditto, native empty interface")
 				return // ok
 			} else if nxt, ok := baseOf(xt).(*NativeType); ok {
 				// if xt has native base, do the naive native.
@@ -2471,18 +2475,22 @@ func checkType(xt Type, dt Type, autoNative bool) {
 			panic("should not happen")
 		}
 	}
+	debug.Println("---2")
 	// Special case if xt or dt is *PointerType to *NativeType,
 	// convert to *NativeType of pointer kind.
 	if pxt, ok := xt.(*PointerType); ok {
-		// *gonative{x} is gonative{*x}
+		debug.Println("---checkType, xt is pointer type: pxt: ", pxt)
+		// *gonative{x} is(to) gonative{*x}
 		//nolint:misspell
 		if enxt, ok := pxt.Elt.(*NativeType); ok {
 			xt = &NativeType{
 				Type: reflect.PtrTo(enxt.Type),
 			}
+			debug.Println("---xt: ", xt)
 		}
 	}
 	if pdt, ok := dt.(*PointerType); ok {
+		debug.Println("---checkType, dt is pointer type: pdt: ", pdt)
 		// *gonative{x} is gonative{*x}
 		if endt, ok := pdt.Elt.(*NativeType); ok {
 			dt = &NativeType{
@@ -2909,6 +2917,7 @@ func predefineNow(store Store, last BlockNode, d Decl) (Decl, bool) {
 }
 
 func predefineNow2(store Store, last BlockNode, d Decl, m map[Name]struct{}) (Decl, bool) {
+	debug.Println("---predefineNow2")
 	pkg := packageOf(last)
 	// pre-register d.GetName() to detect circular definition.
 	for _, dn := range d.GetDeclNames() {
@@ -2936,6 +2945,7 @@ func predefineNow2(store Store, last BlockNode, d Decl, m map[Name]struct{}) (De
 	}
 	switch cd := d.(type) {
 	case *FuncDecl:
+		debug.Println("---FuncDecl")
 		// *FuncValue/*FuncType is mostly empty still; here
 		// we just fill the func type (and recv if method).
 		// NOTE: unlike the *ValueDecl case, this case doesn't
@@ -2953,11 +2963,18 @@ func predefineNow2(store Store, last BlockNode, d Decl, m map[Name]struct{}) (De
 			ft := evalStaticType(store, last, &cd.Type).(*FuncType)
 			ft = ft.UnboundType(rft)
 			dt := (*DeclaredType)(nil)
+
+			debug.Println("---FuncDecl, rt: ", rt)
+			debug.Println("---FuncDecl, baseOf rt: ", baseOf(rt))
+			// see a20a
 			if pt, ok := rt.(*PointerType); ok {
+				debug.Println("---1")
 				dt = pt.Elem().(*DeclaredType)
 			} else {
+				debug.Println("---2")
 				dt = rt.(*DeclaredType)
 			}
+			debug.Println("---dt: ", dt)
 			if !dt.TryDefineMethod(&FuncValue{
 				Type:       ft,
 				IsMethod:   true,
diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/types.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/types.go
index 34565b7a1b6..fe6ff3722ed 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/types.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/types.go
@@ -1092,12 +1092,14 @@ func (ft *FuncType) IsZero() bool {
 
 // if ft is a method, returns whether method takes a pointer receiver.
 func (ft *FuncType) HasPointerReceiver() bool {
+	debug.Println("---HasPointerReceiver")
 	if debug {
 		if len(ft.Params) == 0 {
 			panic("expected unbound method function type, but found no receiver parameter.")
 		}
 	}
 	_, ok := ft.Params[0].Type.(*PointerType)
+	debug.Println("---ok: ", ok)
 	return ok
 	// return ft.Params[0].Type.Kind() == PointerKind
 }
diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/values.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/values.go
index 85e6562eca6..0a71c0f6352 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/values.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/values.go
@@ -1832,13 +1832,19 @@ func (tv *TypedValue) GetPointerTo(alloc *Allocator, store Store, path ValuePath
 		}
 		panic("should not happen")
 	case VPNative:
+		debug.Println("---VPNative")
+		debug.Println("---VPNative, dtv: ", dtv)
+		debug.Println("---VPNative, dtv.T: ", dtv.T)
 		var nv *NativeValue
 		// Special case if tv.T.(PointerType):
 		// we may need to treat this as a native pointer
 		// to get the correct pointer-receiver value.
 		if _, ok := dtv.T.(*PointerType); ok {
+			debug.Println("---dtv.T pointer type")
 			pv := dtv.V.(PointerValue)
 			nv = pv.TV.V.(*NativeValue)
+			debug.Println("---dtv.T pointer type, pv: ", pv)
+			debug.Println("---dtv.T pointer type, nv: ", nv)
 		} else {
 			nv = dtv.V.(*NativeValue)
 		}
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug/time6_native.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug/time6_native.gno
deleted file mode 100644
index a660df9256d..00000000000
--- a/gnovm/tests/debug/time6_native.gno
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"time"
-)
-
-func main() {
-	t := &time.Time{}
-	t.UnmarshalText([]byte("1985-04-12T23:20:50.52Z"))
-	//
-	fmt.Println(t)
-}
-
-// Output:
-// 1985-04-12 23:20:50.52 +0000 UTC
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type36.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug/type36.gno
similarity index 100%
rename from gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type36.gno
rename to gnovm/tests/debug/type36.gno
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/a20a.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/a20a.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..981fffe1e12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/a20a.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+type IntArray []int
+type Arr *IntArray
+
+func (a Arr) Add(x int) { // receiver is val, not ptr
+	*a = append(*a, x)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	a := new(IntArray)
+	Arr(a).Add(4)
+
+	fmt.Println(*a)
+}
+
+// Output:
+// [4]
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..54a792480cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package main
+
+type Foo struct {
+	age  int
+	name string
+}
+
+func main() {
+	f := Foo{age: 1, name: "hello"}
+	println(f.age)
+}
+
+// Output:
+// 1
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr_native.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr_native.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5a4b2bd5cea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr_native.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package main
+
+import "time"
+
+type MyTime *time.Time
+
+type Foo struct {
+	age  int
+	name string
+	time MyTime
+}
+
+func main() {
+	f := Foo{age: 1, name: "hello", time: &time.Time{}}
+	println(f.time)
+}
+
+// Output:
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/time6_native.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/time6_native.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1e1fc299301
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/time6_native.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"time"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	t := &time.Time{}
+	println(t.Second() + t.Second())
+}
+
+// Output:
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type38.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type38.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..631e74c4c9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type38.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package main
+
+type Integer *int
+
+func (f foo) do(i Integer) {
+	println(i)
+}
+
+type foo struct{}
+
+func main() {
+	a := 1
+
+	f := foo{}
+	f.do(&a)
+}
+
+// Output:
+// &(1 int)

From 9a95c0ef2874f8b76442ef3c617ff54f88660db0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ltzMaxwell <ltz.maxwell@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 9 Apr 2024 15:57:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 06/13] clean

---
 gnovm/Makefile                                |  2 --
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/machine.go                  |  6 ----
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go           | 13 ---------
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go                 | 24 ----------------
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/types.go                    |  2 --
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/values.go                   |  6 ----
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/34a.gno                | 12 --------
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr.gno                | 14 ----------
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr_native.gno         | 18 ------------
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/time6_native.gno       | 12 --------
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type33.gno             | 28 -------------------
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type34.gno             | 12 --------
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type35.gno             | 15 ----------
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type37.gno             |  7 -----
 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type38.gno             | 19 -------------
 gnovm/tests/file_test.go                      | 10 -------
 gnovm/tests/files/type35.gno                  |  4 ++-
 gnovm/tests/{debug => files}/type36.gno       |  0
 .../{debug_temp/a20a.gno => files/type37.gno} |  0
 19 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 201 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/34a.gno
 delete mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr.gno
 delete mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr_native.gno
 delete mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/time6_native.gno
 delete mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type33.gno
 delete mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type34.gno
 delete mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type35.gno
 delete mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type37.gno
 delete mode 100644 gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type38.gno
 rename gnovm/tests/{debug => files}/type36.gno (100%)
 rename gnovm/tests/{debug_temp/a20a.gno => files/type37.gno} (100%)

diff --git a/gnovm/Makefile b/gnovm/Makefile
index 2d8665d9d9f..599ca58cd39 100644
--- a/gnovm/Makefile
+++ b/gnovm/Makefile
@@ -66,8 +66,6 @@ _test.gnolang.stdlibs:;      go test tests/*.go -test.short -run 'TestFiles$$/'
 _test.gnolang.native.sync:;  go test tests/*.go -test.short -run "TestFilesNative/" --update-golden-tests $(GOTEST_FLAGS)
 _test.gnolang.stdlibs.sync:; go test tests/*.go -test.short -run 'TestFiles$$/' --update-golden-tests $(GOTEST_FLAGS)
 
-_test.gnolang.debug:;      go test tests/*.go -test.short -run 'TestDebug$$/' $(GOTEST_FLAGS)
-_test.gnolang.debug.native:;      go test tests/*.go -test.short -run 'TestDebugNative$$/' $(GOTEST_FLAGS)
 ########################################
 # Code gen
 # TODO: move _dev.stringer to go:generate instructions, simplify generate
diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/machine.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/machine.go
index 81ed0436f46..e9e8eba8adc 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/machine.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/machine.go
@@ -1548,12 +1548,6 @@ func (m *Machine) PeekType(offset int) Type {
 func (m *Machine) PushValue(tv TypedValue) {
 	if debug {
 		m.Printf("+v %v\n", tv)
-		m.Printf("type of tv: %v \n", tv.T)
-		m.Printf("value of tv: %v \n", tv.V)
-		if tv, ok := tv.V.(TypeValue); ok {
-			m.Printf("tv.Type: %v \n", tv.Type)
-
-		}
 	}
 	if len(m.Values) == m.NumValues {
 		// TODO tune. also see PushOp().
diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go
index e82816c698c..62055346e91 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go
@@ -78,16 +78,9 @@ func (m *Machine) doOpIndex2() {
 func (m *Machine) doOpSelector() {
 	sx := m.PopExpr().(*SelectorExpr)
 	xv := m.PeekValue(1)
-	debug.Println("---doOpSelector")
-	debug.Println("---doOpSelector, sx: ", sx)
-	debug.Println("---doOpSelector, sx path: ", sx.Path)
-	debug.Println("---doOpSelector, xv: ", xv)
 	ptr := xv.GetPointerTo(m.Alloc, m.Store, sx.Path)
-	debug.Println("---doOpSelector, ptr: ", ptr)
-	debug.Println("---doOpSelector, ptr.TV: ", ptr.TV)
 	res := ptr.Deref()
 	//res := xv.GetPointerTo(m.Alloc, m.Store, sx.Path).Deref()
-	debug.Println("---doOpSelector, res: ", res)
 	if debug {
 		m.Printf("-v[S] %v\n", xv)
 		m.Printf("+v[S] %v\n", res)
@@ -152,21 +145,15 @@ func (m *Machine) doOpSlice() {
 // deref, but the result is a pointer-to type.
 func (m *Machine) doOpStar() {
 	xv := m.PopValue()
-	debug.Println("---doOpStar, xv: ", xv)
 	switch bt := baseOf(xv.T).(type) {
 	case *PointerType:
 		pv := xv.V.(PointerValue)
-		debug.Println("---doOpStar, pv: ", pv)
-		debug.Println("---doOpStar, pv.TV: ", pv.TV)
-		debug.Println("---doOpStar, xv.T: ", xv.T)
-		debug.Println("---doOpStar, bt.Elt: ", bt.Elt)
 		if pv.TV.T == DataByteType {
 			tv := TypedValue{T: bt.Elt}
 			dbv := pv.TV.V.(DataByteValue)
 			tv.SetUint8(dbv.GetByte())
 			m.PushValue(tv)
 		} else {
-			debug.Println("---else")
 			if pv.TV.IsUndefined() && bt.Elt.Kind() != InterfaceKind {
 				refv := TypedValue{T: bt.Elt}
 				m.PushValue(refv)
diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go
index 41d20a0bf8e..ce89ed2e1c3 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go
@@ -398,24 +398,6 @@ func (m *Machine) doOpStaticTypeOf() {
 			_, _, _, ft, _ := findEmbeddedFieldType(dxt.GetPkgPath(), dxt, path.Name, nil)
 			m.PushValue(asValue(ft))
 		case VPNative:
-			debug.Println("---VPNative, dxt: ", dxt)
-			//debug.Println("---VPNative, baseOf(dxt): ", baseOf(dxt))
-			//debug.Println("---VPNative, dxt.elem, type of elem ", dxt.Elem(), reflect.TypeOf(dxt.Elem()))
-			//if nt, ok := dxt.Elem().(*NativeType); ok {
-			//	//nt.Elem()
-			//	//debug.Println("---nt.Elem: ", nt.Elem())
-			//	debug.Println("---nt.Type: ", nt.Type)
-			//	debug.Println("---nt.gnoType: ", nt.gnoType)
-			//	debug.Println("---nt.gnoType type: ", reflect.TypeOf(nt.gnoType))
-			//
-			//	debug.Println("---nt.gnoType base: ", baseOf(nt.gnoType))
-			//	debug.Println("---nt.gnoType base type: ", reflect.TypeOf(baseOf(nt.gnoType)))
-			//	if _, ok := baseOf(nt.gnoType).(*PointerType); ok {
-			//		panic("hey!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!")
-			//	}
-			//}
-			// if dxt is *PointerType, convert to *NativeType.
-			//if pt, ok := baseOf(dxt).(*PointerType); ok {
 			if pt, ok := dxt.(*PointerType); ok {
 				net, ok := pt.Elt.(*NativeType)
 				if !ok {
@@ -485,24 +467,18 @@ func (m *Machine) doOpStaticTypeOf() {
 		m.PushOp(OpStaticTypeOf)
 		m.Run() // XXX replace
 		xt := m.ReapValues(start)[0].V.(TypeValue).Type
-		debug.Println("---doOpStaticTypeOf, SliceExpr, xt: ", xt)
-		debug.Println("---doOpStaticTypeOf, SliceExpr, xt.Elem(): ", xt.Elem())
 		if pt, ok := baseOf(xt).(*PointerType); ok {
-			debug.Println("---pointer type, pt: ", pt)
-			debug.Println("---pointer type, pt.Elt.Elem(): ", pt.Elt.Elem())
 			m.PushValue(asValue(&SliceType{
 				Elt: pt.Elt.Elem(),
 			}))
 		} else if xt.Kind() == StringKind {
 			m.PushValue(asValue(StringType))
 		} else {
-			debug.Println("---else")
 			m.PushValue(asValue(&SliceType{
 				Elt: xt.Elem(),
 			}))
 		}
 	case *StarExpr:
-		debug.Println("---doOpStaticTypeOf, starX")
 		start := m.NumValues
 		m.PushOp(OpHalt)
 		m.PushExpr(x.X)
diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/types.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/types.go
index fe6ff3722ed..34565b7a1b6 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/types.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/types.go
@@ -1092,14 +1092,12 @@ func (ft *FuncType) IsZero() bool {
 
 // if ft is a method, returns whether method takes a pointer receiver.
 func (ft *FuncType) HasPointerReceiver() bool {
-	debug.Println("---HasPointerReceiver")
 	if debug {
 		if len(ft.Params) == 0 {
 			panic("expected unbound method function type, but found no receiver parameter.")
 		}
 	}
 	_, ok := ft.Params[0].Type.(*PointerType)
-	debug.Println("---ok: ", ok)
 	return ok
 	// return ft.Params[0].Type.Kind() == PointerKind
 }
diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/values.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/values.go
index 0a71c0f6352..85e6562eca6 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/values.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/values.go
@@ -1832,19 +1832,13 @@ func (tv *TypedValue) GetPointerTo(alloc *Allocator, store Store, path ValuePath
 		}
 		panic("should not happen")
 	case VPNative:
-		debug.Println("---VPNative")
-		debug.Println("---VPNative, dtv: ", dtv)
-		debug.Println("---VPNative, dtv.T: ", dtv.T)
 		var nv *NativeValue
 		// Special case if tv.T.(PointerType):
 		// we may need to treat this as a native pointer
 		// to get the correct pointer-receiver value.
 		if _, ok := dtv.T.(*PointerType); ok {
-			debug.Println("---dtv.T pointer type")
 			pv := dtv.V.(PointerValue)
 			nv = pv.TV.V.(*NativeValue)
-			debug.Println("---dtv.T pointer type, pv: ", pv)
-			debug.Println("---dtv.T pointer type, nv: ", nv)
 		} else {
 			nv = dtv.V.(*NativeValue)
 		}
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/34a.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/34a.gno
deleted file mode 100644
index 20f53b78cd6..00000000000
--- a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/34a.gno
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-type BytePtr *byte
-
-func main() {
-	bs := []byte("hello")
-	var p BytePtr = &bs[0]
-	println(*p)
-}
-
-// Output:
-// 104
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr.gno
deleted file mode 100644
index 54a792480cf..00000000000
--- a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr.gno
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-type Foo struct {
-	age  int
-	name string
-}
-
-func main() {
-	f := Foo{age: 1, name: "hello"}
-	println(f.age)
-}
-
-// Output:
-// 1
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr_native.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr_native.gno
deleted file mode 100644
index 5a4b2bd5cea..00000000000
--- a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/ptr_native.gno
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import "time"
-
-type MyTime *time.Time
-
-type Foo struct {
-	age  int
-	name string
-	time MyTime
-}
-
-func main() {
-	f := Foo{age: 1, name: "hello", time: &time.Time{}}
-	println(f.time)
-}
-
-// Output:
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/time6_native.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/time6_native.gno
deleted file mode 100644
index 1e1fc299301..00000000000
--- a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/time6_native.gno
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"time"
-)
-
-func main() {
-	t := &time.Time{}
-	println(t.Second() + t.Second())
-}
-
-// Output:
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type33.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type33.gno
deleted file mode 100644
index 62d6696fafa..00000000000
--- a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type33.gno
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import "fmt"
-
-// Define a base type
-type Base int
-
-// Declare a new type that is a pointer to the base type
-type PtrToBase *Base
-
-func main() {
-	var b Base = 42      // Initialize a variable of the base type
-	var p PtrToBase = &b // Initialize a variable of the new pointer type with the address of b
-
-	fmt.Printf("The value of b is: %d\n", b)
-
-	// Using the new pointer type
-	fmt.Printf("The value pointed to by p is: %d\n", *p)
-
-	// Modifying the value pointed to by p
-	*p = 100
-	fmt.Printf("The new value of b after modification through p is: %d\n", b)
-}
-
-// Output:
-// The value of b is: 42
-// The value pointed to by p is: 42
-// The new value of b after modification through p is: 100
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type34.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type34.gno
deleted file mode 100644
index 20f53b78cd6..00000000000
--- a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type34.gno
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-type BytePtr *byte
-
-func main() {
-	bs := []byte("hello")
-	var p BytePtr = &bs[0]
-	println(*p)
-}
-
-// Output:
-// 104
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type35.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type35.gno
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ade96ee9c8..00000000000
--- a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type35.gno
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-type IntPtr *int
-
-func main() {
-	var a, b int
-	a = 1 // Set a to 104
-	s := []IntPtr{}
-	s = append(s, &a)
-	s = append(s, &b)
-	println(*s[0])
-}
-
-// Output:
-// 1
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type37.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type37.gno
deleted file mode 100644
index 15cc3c9aa8d..00000000000
--- a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type37.gno
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import "time"
-
-func main() {
-	println(time.Second)
-}
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type38.gno b/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type38.gno
deleted file mode 100644
index 631e74c4c9b..00000000000
--- a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/type38.gno
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-type Integer *int
-
-func (f foo) do(i Integer) {
-	println(i)
-}
-
-type foo struct{}
-
-func main() {
-	a := 1
-
-	f := foo{}
-	f.do(&a)
-}
-
-// Output:
-// &(1 int)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/file_test.go b/gnovm/tests/file_test.go
index ddf284afd79..f070546ab74 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/file_test.go
+++ b/gnovm/tests/file_test.go
@@ -32,16 +32,6 @@ func TestFiles(t *testing.T) {
 	runFileTests(t, baseDir, []string{"*_native*"})
 }
 
-func TestDebug(t *testing.T) {
-	baseDir := filepath.Join(".", "debug")
-	runFileTests(t, baseDir, []string{"*_native*"})
-}
-
-func TestDebugNative(t *testing.T) {
-	baseDir := filepath.Join(".", "debug")
-	runFileTests(t, baseDir, []string{"*_stdlibs*"}, WithNativeLibs())
-}
-
 func TestChallenges(t *testing.T) {
 	baseDir := filepath.Join(".", "challenges")
 	runFileTests(t, baseDir, nil)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type35.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type35.gno
index 613cb7b066b..9ade96ee9c8 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type35.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type35.gno
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ type IntPtr *int
 func main() {
 	var a, b int
 	a = 1 // Set a to 104
-	s := []IntPtr{&a, &b}
+	s := []IntPtr{}
+	s = append(s, &a)
+	s = append(s, &b)
 	println(*s[0])
 }
 
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug/type36.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type36.gno
similarity index 100%
rename from gnovm/tests/debug/type36.gno
rename to gnovm/tests/files/type36.gno
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/debug_temp/a20a.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno
similarity index 100%
rename from gnovm/tests/debug_temp/a20a.gno
rename to gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno

From 8fa94c93d8b8abfb32493aa674c9acc4aa06d6cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ltzMaxwell <ltz.maxwell@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 9 Apr 2024 16:06:21 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 07/13] clean

---
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_decl.go        | 20 +++++++++++---------
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go |  4 +---
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go       |  2 +-
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go     | 15 ---------------
 4 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_decl.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_decl.go
index cc84a84208a..a11d0bb4aad 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_decl.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_decl.go
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package gnolang
 
+import "fmt"
+
 func (m *Machine) doOpValueDecl() {
 	s := m.PopStmt().(*ValueDecl)
 	lb := m.LastBlock()
@@ -37,15 +39,15 @@ func (m *Machine) doOpValueDecl() {
 					ConvertUntypedTo(&tv, nt)
 				} else {
 					if debug {
-						//debug.Println("---doOpValueDecl, nt, tv.T: ", nt, tv.T)
-						//if nt.TypeID() != tv.T.TypeID() &&
-						//	baseOf(nt).TypeID() != tv.T.TypeID() {
-						//	panic(fmt.Sprintf(
-						//		"type mismatch: %s vs %s",
-						//		nt.TypeID(),
-						//		tv.T.TypeID(),
-						//	))
-						//}
+						debug.Println("---doOpValueDecl, nt, tv.T: ", nt, tv.T)
+						if nt.TypeID() != tv.T.TypeID() &&
+							baseOf(nt).TypeID() != tv.T.TypeID() {
+							panic(fmt.Sprintf(
+								"type mismatch: %s vs %s",
+								nt.TypeID(),
+								tv.T.TypeID(),
+							))
+						}
 					}
 					tv.T = nt
 				}
diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go
index 62055346e91..bc21850bb8c 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_expressions.go
@@ -78,9 +78,7 @@ func (m *Machine) doOpIndex2() {
 func (m *Machine) doOpSelector() {
 	sx := m.PopExpr().(*SelectorExpr)
 	xv := m.PeekValue(1)
-	ptr := xv.GetPointerTo(m.Alloc, m.Store, sx.Path)
-	res := ptr.Deref()
-	//res := xv.GetPointerTo(m.Alloc, m.Store, sx.Path).Deref()
+	res := xv.GetPointerTo(m.Alloc, m.Store, sx.Path).Deref()
 	if debug {
 		m.Printf("-v[S] %v\n", xv)
 		m.Printf("+v[S] %v\n", res)
diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go
index ce89ed2e1c3..850aa7a6e64 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_types.go
@@ -181,7 +181,6 @@ func (m *Machine) doOpMaybeNativeType() {
 // already swapped for *ConstExpr in the preprocessor.  If not, panics.
 func (m *Machine) doOpStaticTypeOf() {
 	x := m.PopExpr()
-	debug.Println("---doOpStaticTypeOf, x, type of x ", x, reflect.TypeOf(x))
 	switch x := x.(type) {
 	case *NameExpr:
 		// NOTE: duplicated from doOpEval
@@ -398,6 +397,7 @@ func (m *Machine) doOpStaticTypeOf() {
 			_, _, _, ft, _ := findEmbeddedFieldType(dxt.GetPkgPath(), dxt, path.Name, nil)
 			m.PushValue(asValue(ft))
 		case VPNative:
+			// if dxt is *PointerType, convert to *NativeType.
 			if pt, ok := dxt.(*PointerType); ok {
 				net, ok := pt.Elt.(*NativeType)
 				if !ok {
diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
index ac4265f8daf..85173acb57c 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
@@ -2414,13 +2414,10 @@ func convertConst(store Store, last BlockNode, cx *ConstExpr, t Type) {
 // If autoNative is true, a broad range of xt can match against
 // a target native dt type, if and only if dt is a native type.
 func checkType(xt Type, dt Type, autoNative bool) {
-	debug.Println("---checkType, xt, dt: ", xt, dt)
-	debug.Println("---checkType,type of xt, dt: ", reflect.TypeOf(xt), reflect.TypeOf(dt))
 	// Special case if dt is interface kind:
 	if dt.Kind() == InterfaceKind {
 		if idt, ok := baseOf(dt).(*InterfaceType); ok {
 			if idt.IsEmptyInterface() {
-				debug.Println("---return, empty interface")
 				// if dt is an empty Gno interface, any x ok.
 				return // ok
 			} else if idt.IsImplementedBy(xt) {
@@ -2436,7 +2433,6 @@ func checkType(xt Type, dt Type, autoNative bool) {
 			nidt := ndt.Type
 			if nidt.NumMethod() == 0 {
 				// if dt is an empty Go native interface, ditto.
-				debug.Println("---ditto, native empty interface")
 				return // ok
 			} else if nxt, ok := baseOf(xt).(*NativeType); ok {
 				// if xt has native base, do the naive native.
@@ -2475,22 +2471,18 @@ func checkType(xt Type, dt Type, autoNative bool) {
 			panic("should not happen")
 		}
 	}
-	debug.Println("---2")
 	// Special case if xt or dt is *PointerType to *NativeType,
 	// convert to *NativeType of pointer kind.
 	if pxt, ok := xt.(*PointerType); ok {
-		debug.Println("---checkType, xt is pointer type: pxt: ", pxt)
 		// *gonative{x} is(to) gonative{*x}
 		//nolint:misspell
 		if enxt, ok := pxt.Elt.(*NativeType); ok {
 			xt = &NativeType{
 				Type: reflect.PtrTo(enxt.Type),
 			}
-			debug.Println("---xt: ", xt)
 		}
 	}
 	if pdt, ok := dt.(*PointerType); ok {
-		debug.Println("---checkType, dt is pointer type: pdt: ", pdt)
 		// *gonative{x} is gonative{*x}
 		if endt, ok := pdt.Elt.(*NativeType); ok {
 			dt = &NativeType{
@@ -2917,7 +2909,6 @@ func predefineNow(store Store, last BlockNode, d Decl) (Decl, bool) {
 }
 
 func predefineNow2(store Store, last BlockNode, d Decl, m map[Name]struct{}) (Decl, bool) {
-	debug.Println("---predefineNow2")
 	pkg := packageOf(last)
 	// pre-register d.GetName() to detect circular definition.
 	for _, dn := range d.GetDeclNames() {
@@ -2945,7 +2936,6 @@ func predefineNow2(store Store, last BlockNode, d Decl, m map[Name]struct{}) (De
 	}
 	switch cd := d.(type) {
 	case *FuncDecl:
-		debug.Println("---FuncDecl")
 		// *FuncValue/*FuncType is mostly empty still; here
 		// we just fill the func type (and recv if method).
 		// NOTE: unlike the *ValueDecl case, this case doesn't
@@ -2964,17 +2954,12 @@ func predefineNow2(store Store, last BlockNode, d Decl, m map[Name]struct{}) (De
 			ft = ft.UnboundType(rft)
 			dt := (*DeclaredType)(nil)
 
-			debug.Println("---FuncDecl, rt: ", rt)
-			debug.Println("---FuncDecl, baseOf rt: ", baseOf(rt))
 			// see a20a
 			if pt, ok := rt.(*PointerType); ok {
-				debug.Println("---1")
 				dt = pt.Elem().(*DeclaredType)
 			} else {
-				debug.Println("---2")
 				dt = rt.(*DeclaredType)
 			}
-			debug.Println("---dt: ", dt)
 			if !dt.TryDefineMethod(&FuncValue{
 				Type:       ft,
 				IsMethod:   true,

From 0b1515b07e0a45c4bbe7620585761fc3c2e344f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ltzMaxwell <ltz.maxwell@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 9 Apr 2024 16:08:13 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 08/13] clean

---
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_decl.go    | 5 +++--
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go | 1 -
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_decl.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_decl.go
index a11d0bb4aad..2c20c43ae2f 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_decl.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/op_decl.go
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package gnolang
 
-import "fmt"
+import (
+	"fmt"
+)
 
 func (m *Machine) doOpValueDecl() {
 	s := m.PopStmt().(*ValueDecl)
@@ -39,7 +41,6 @@ func (m *Machine) doOpValueDecl() {
 					ConvertUntypedTo(&tv, nt)
 				} else {
 					if debug {
-						debug.Println("---doOpValueDecl, nt, tv.T: ", nt, tv.T)
 						if nt.TypeID() != tv.T.TypeID() &&
 							baseOf(nt).TypeID() != tv.T.TypeID() {
 							panic(fmt.Sprintf(
diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
index 85173acb57c..1dc772e1ba1 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
@@ -2954,7 +2954,6 @@ func predefineNow2(store Store, last BlockNode, d Decl, m map[Name]struct{}) (De
 			ft = ft.UnboundType(rft)
 			dt := (*DeclaredType)(nil)
 
-			// see a20a
 			if pt, ok := rt.(*PointerType); ok {
 				dt = pt.Elem().(*DeclaredType)
 			} else {

From e30fe305e15d96bca39ea3fa1c386005930b1a88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ltzMaxwell <ltz.maxwell@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2024 11:27:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 09/13] disallow base type pointer as a receiver

---
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go |  6 ++++++
 gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno    |  4 ++--
 gnovm/tests/files/type37a.gno   | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/files/type37b.gno   | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/files/type38.gno    | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 5 files changed, 63 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/files/type37a.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/files/type37b.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/files/type38.gno

diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
index 1dc772e1ba1..179d3a4dd3e 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
@@ -2954,6 +2954,12 @@ func predefineNow2(store Store, last BlockNode, d Decl, m map[Name]struct{}) (De
 			ft = ft.UnboundType(rft)
 			dt := (*DeclaredType)(nil)
 
+			debug.Println("---predefine now, funcDecl")
+			if dt, ok := rt.(*DeclaredType); ok {
+				if _, ok := baseOf(dt).(*PointerType); ok {
+					panic("invalid receiver type IntPtr (pointer or interface type)")
+				}
+			}
 			if pt, ok := rt.(*PointerType); ok {
 				dt = pt.Elem().(*DeclaredType)
 			} else {
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno
index 981fffe1e12..6ce42d576af 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno
@@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ func main() {
 	fmt.Println(*a)
 }
 
-// Output:
-// [4]
+// Error:
+// main/debug/type37.gno:8: invalid receiver type IntPtr (pointer or interface type)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type37a.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type37a.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..16db1cc4dc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type37a.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+type IntArray []int
+
+func (a *IntArray) Add(x int) { // receiver is val, not ptr
+	*a = append(*a, x)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	a := new(IntArray)
+	a.Add(4)
+
+	fmt.Println(*a)
+}
+
+// Output:
+// [4]
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type37b.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type37b.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..922ffcb31b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type37b.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+type IntArray []int
+type Arr *IntArray
+
+func (a Arr) Add(x int) { // receiver is val, not ptr
+	*a = append(*a, x)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	a := new(IntArray)
+	Arr(a).Add(4)
+
+	fmt.Println(*a)
+}
+
+// Error:
+// main/debug/type37b.gno:8: invalid receiver type IntPtr (pointer or interface type)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type38.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type38.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d654caae39b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type38.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package main
+
+type IntPtr *int
+
+var ip IntPtr = new(int)
+
+func (p IntPtr) Int() int {
+	return *p
+}
+
+func main() {
+	println(ip.Int())
+}
+
+// Error:
+// main/debug/type38.gno:7: invalid receiver type IntPtr (pointer or interface type)

From fa9b2938aef54d74251e3b1e171e19e283a93bd6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ltzMaxwell <ltz.maxwell@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2024 15:05:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 10/13] more tests

---
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go | 11 +++++++++--
 gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno    |  2 +-
 gnovm/tests/files/type37c.gno   | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/files/type37d.gno   | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/files/type37e.gno   | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/files/type37e1.gno  | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/files/type38.gno    |  2 +-
 gnovm/tests/files/type39.gno    | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/files/type39a.gno   | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 9 files changed, 146 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/files/type37c.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/files/type37d.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/files/type37e.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/files/type37e1.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/files/type39.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/files/type39a.gno

diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
index 179d3a4dd3e..39d02883e75 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
@@ -2954,13 +2954,20 @@ func predefineNow2(store Store, last BlockNode, d Decl, m map[Name]struct{}) (De
 			ft = ft.UnboundType(rft)
 			dt := (*DeclaredType)(nil)
 
-			debug.Println("---predefine now, funcDecl")
+			// check against base type, should not be pointer type or interface type as a receiver
 			if dt, ok := rt.(*DeclaredType); ok {
 				if _, ok := baseOf(dt).(*PointerType); ok {
-					panic("invalid receiver type IntPtr (pointer or interface type)")
+					panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid receiver type %v (pointer type)\n", rt))
+				}
+				if _, ok := baseOf(dt).(*InterfaceType); ok {
+					panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid receiver type %v (interface type)\n", rt))
 				}
 			}
+
 			if pt, ok := rt.(*PointerType); ok {
+				if _, ok := pt.Elem().(*PointerType); ok {
+					panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid receiver type %v (pointer type)\n", rt))
+				}
 				dt = pt.Elem().(*DeclaredType)
 			} else {
 				dt = rt.(*DeclaredType)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno
index 6ce42d576af..88785b262d9 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno
@@ -17,4 +17,4 @@ func main() {
 }
 
 // Error:
-// main/debug/type37.gno:8: invalid receiver type IntPtr (pointer or interface type)
+// main/debug/type37.gno:8: invalid receiver type main.Arr (pointer type)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type37c.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type37c.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7cd8ac7367e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type37c.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+type Integer int
+
+func (i *Integer) Add(x int) { // receiver is val, not ptr
+	println(int(*i) + x)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	a := new(Integer)
+	a.Add(4)
+
+	fmt.Println(*a)
+}
+
+// Output:
+// 4
+// 0
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type37d.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type37d.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ad0e5563fa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type37d.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+type Integer int
+
+func (i **Integer) Add(x int) {
+	**i += Integer(x) // Dereference twice to get to the actual Integer value and modify it
+}
+
+func main() {
+	a := new(Integer) // a is a pointer to Integer
+	b := &a           // b is a pointer to a pointer to Integer
+
+	// Since Add is defined on **Integer, you need to pass b
+	b.Add(4) // Adds 4 to the value **b points to
+
+	fmt.Println(**b) // Should print 4, as **b is the same as *a
+}
+
+// Error:
+// main/debug/type37d.gno:7: invalid receiver type **main.Integer (pointer type)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type37e.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type37e.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a2bc063bece
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type37e.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+type IntArray []int
+type Arr *IntArray
+
+func print(arr Arr) { // receiver is val, not ptr
+	println(arr)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	a := new(IntArray)
+	print(a)
+
+	fmt.Println(*a)
+}
+
+// Output:
+// &(nil main.IntArray)
+// []
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type37e1.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type37e1.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a3a03f1e248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type37e1.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+type IntArray []int
+type Arr *IntArray
+
+func add(arr Arr) { // receiver is val, not ptr
+	*arr = append(*arr, 1)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	a := new(IntArray)
+	add(a)
+
+	fmt.Println(a)
+	fmt.Println(*a)
+	fmt.Println(len(*a))
+	fmt.Println((*a)[0])
+}
+
+// Output:
+// &[1]
+// [1]
+// 1
+// 1
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type38.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type38.gno
index d654caae39b..69e8125b28c 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type38.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type38.gno
@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ func main() {
 }
 
 // Error:
-// main/debug/type38.gno:7: invalid receiver type IntPtr (pointer or interface type)
+// main/debug/type38.gno:7: invalid receiver type main.IntPtr (pointer type)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type39.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type39.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2186dfa1e87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type39.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package main
+
+type foo interface {
+	say()
+}
+
+func (f foo) echo() int {
+	return 1
+}
+
+type Bar struct{}
+
+func (b *Bar) say() {}
+
+func main() {
+	var f foo
+	f = &Bar{}
+	println(f.echo())
+}
+
+// Error:
+// main/debug/type39.gno:7: invalid receiver type main.foo (interface type)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type39a.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type39a.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..03277288dc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type39a.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package main
+
+type foo interface {
+	say()
+}
+
+type FF foo
+
+func (f FF) echo() int {
+	return 1
+}
+
+type Bar struct{}
+
+func (b *Bar) say() {}
+
+func main() {
+	var f foo
+	f = &Bar{}
+	println(f.echo())
+}
+
+// Error:
+// main/debug/type39a.gno:9: invalid receiver type main.FF (interface type)

From 65e21163f5452106a9b672f5b149397ceab5183a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ltzMaxwell <ltz.maxwell@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2024 18:24:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 11/13] fixup

---
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go | 24 ++++++++++++++++--------
 gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno    |  2 +-
 gnovm/tests/files/type37b.gno   | 18 ++++++++++--------
 gnovm/tests/files/type37d.gno   | 18 ++++++------------
 gnovm/tests/files/type37e.gno   | 20 ++++++++------------
 gnovm/tests/files/type37e1.gno  | 26 --------------------------
 gnovm/tests/files/type38.gno    | 24 +++++++++++++++++-------
 gnovm/tests/files/type39.gno    |  2 +-
 gnovm/tests/files/type39a.gno   |  2 +-
 gnovm/tests/files/type39b.gno   | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 10 files changed, 82 insertions(+), 76 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 gnovm/tests/files/type37e1.gno
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/files/type39b.gno

diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
index 39d02883e75..a365c5fbd11 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
@@ -2954,24 +2954,32 @@ func predefineNow2(store Store, last BlockNode, d Decl, m map[Name]struct{}) (De
 			ft = ft.UnboundType(rft)
 			dt := (*DeclaredType)(nil)
 
-			// check against base type, should not be pointer type or interface type as a receiver
-			if dt, ok := rt.(*DeclaredType); ok {
-				if _, ok := baseOf(dt).(*PointerType); ok {
+			// check base type of receiver type, should not be pointer type or interface type
+			assertValidReceiverType := func(t Type) {
+				if _, ok := t.(*PointerType); ok {
 					panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid receiver type %v (pointer type)\n", rt))
 				}
-				if _, ok := baseOf(dt).(*InterfaceType); ok {
+				if _, ok := t.(*InterfaceType); ok {
 					panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid receiver type %v (interface type)\n", rt))
 				}
 			}
 
 			if pt, ok := rt.(*PointerType); ok {
-				if _, ok := pt.Elem().(*PointerType); ok {
-					panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid receiver type %v (pointer type)\n", rt))
+				assertValidReceiverType(pt.Elem())
+				if ddt, ok := pt.Elem().(*DeclaredType); ok {
+					assertValidReceiverType(baseOf(ddt))
+					dt = ddt
+				} else {
+					panic("should not happen")
 				}
-				dt = pt.Elem().(*DeclaredType)
+			} else if ddt, ok := rt.(*DeclaredType); ok {
+				debug.Println("---rt is declared type")
+				assertValidReceiverType(baseOf(ddt))
+				dt = ddt
 			} else {
-				dt = rt.(*DeclaredType)
+				panic("should not happen")
 			}
+
 			if !dt.TryDefineMethod(&FuncValue{
 				Type:       ft,
 				IsMethod:   true,
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno
index 88785b262d9..40f11588944 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno
@@ -17,4 +17,4 @@ func main() {
 }
 
 // Error:
-// main/debug/type37.gno:8: invalid receiver type main.Arr (pointer type)
+// main/files/type37.gno:8: invalid receiver type main.Arr (pointer type)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type37b.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type37b.gno
index 922ffcb31b4..2056b4050b7 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type37b.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type37b.gno
@@ -2,19 +2,21 @@ package main
 
 import "fmt"
 
-type IntArray []int
-type Arr *IntArray
+type Integer int
 
-func (a Arr) Add(x int) { // receiver is val, not ptr
-	*a = append(*a, x)
+func (i **Integer) Add(x int) {
+	**i += Integer(x) // Dereference twice to get to the actual Integer value and modify it
 }
 
 func main() {
-	a := new(IntArray)
-	Arr(a).Add(4)
+	a := new(Integer) // a is a pointer to Integer
+	b := &a           // b is a pointer to a pointer to Integer
 
-	fmt.Println(*a)
+	// Since Add is defined on **Integer, you need to pass b
+	b.Add(4) // Adds 4 to the value **b points to
+
+	fmt.Println(**b) // Should print 4, as **b is the same as *a
 }
 
 // Error:
-// main/debug/type37b.gno:8: invalid receiver type IntPtr (pointer or interface type)
+// main/files/type37b.gno:7: invalid receiver type **main.Integer (pointer type)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type37d.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type37d.gno
index ad0e5563fa0..debdb613f5d 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type37d.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type37d.gno
@@ -1,22 +1,16 @@
 package main
 
-import "fmt"
+type IntPtr *int
 
-type Integer int
+var ip IntPtr = new(int)
 
-func (i **Integer) Add(x int) {
-	**i += Integer(x) // Dereference twice to get to the actual Integer value and modify it
+func (p IntPtr) Int() int {
+	return *p
 }
 
 func main() {
-	a := new(Integer) // a is a pointer to Integer
-	b := &a           // b is a pointer to a pointer to Integer
-
-	// Since Add is defined on **Integer, you need to pass b
-	b.Add(4) // Adds 4 to the value **b points to
-
-	fmt.Println(**b) // Should print 4, as **b is the same as *a
+	println(ip.Int())
 }
 
 // Error:
-// main/debug/type37d.gno:7: invalid receiver type **main.Integer (pointer type)
+// main/files/type37d.gno:7: invalid receiver type main.IntPtr (pointer type)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type37e.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type37e.gno
index a2bc063bece..7bae49feda7 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type37e.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type37e.gno
@@ -1,21 +1,17 @@
 package main
 
-import "fmt"
+type IntPtr *int
+type Int2 IntPtr
 
-type IntArray []int
-type Arr *IntArray
+var ip IntPtr = new(int)
 
-func print(arr Arr) { // receiver is val, not ptr
-	println(arr)
+func (i2 Int2) Int() int {
+	return *i2
 }
 
 func main() {
-	a := new(IntArray)
-	print(a)
-
-	fmt.Println(*a)
+	println(Int2(ip).Int())
 }
 
-// Output:
-// &(nil main.IntArray)
-// []
+// Error:
+// main/files/type37e.gno:8: invalid receiver type main.Int2 (pointer type)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type37e1.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type37e1.gno
deleted file mode 100644
index a3a03f1e248..00000000000
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type37e1.gno
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import "fmt"
-
-type IntArray []int
-type Arr *IntArray
-
-func add(arr Arr) { // receiver is val, not ptr
-	*arr = append(*arr, 1)
-}
-
-func main() {
-	a := new(IntArray)
-	add(a)
-
-	fmt.Println(a)
-	fmt.Println(*a)
-	fmt.Println(len(*a))
-	fmt.Println((*a)[0])
-}
-
-// Output:
-// &[1]
-// [1]
-// 1
-// 1
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type38.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type38.gno
index 69e8125b28c..a3a03f1e248 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type38.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type38.gno
@@ -1,16 +1,26 @@
 package main
 
-type IntPtr *int
+import "fmt"
 
-var ip IntPtr = new(int)
+type IntArray []int
+type Arr *IntArray
 
-func (p IntPtr) Int() int {
-	return *p
+func add(arr Arr) { // receiver is val, not ptr
+	*arr = append(*arr, 1)
 }
 
 func main() {
-	println(ip.Int())
+	a := new(IntArray)
+	add(a)
+
+	fmt.Println(a)
+	fmt.Println(*a)
+	fmt.Println(len(*a))
+	fmt.Println((*a)[0])
 }
 
-// Error:
-// main/debug/type38.gno:7: invalid receiver type main.IntPtr (pointer type)
+// Output:
+// &[1]
+// [1]
+// 1
+// 1
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type39.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type39.gno
index 2186dfa1e87..b4eeaa4b41f 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type39.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type39.gno
@@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ func main() {
 }
 
 // Error:
-// main/debug/type39.gno:7: invalid receiver type main.foo (interface type)
+// main/files/type39.gno:7: invalid receiver type main.foo (interface type)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type39a.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type39a.gno
index 03277288dc5..5d861cb62cf 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type39a.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type39a.gno
@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ func main() {
 }
 
 // Error:
-// main/debug/type39a.gno:9: invalid receiver type main.FF (interface type)
+// main/files/type39a.gno:9: invalid receiver type main.FF (interface type)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type39b.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type39b.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f0f80a7e15a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type39b.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package main
+
+type foo interface {
+	say()
+}
+
+func (f *foo) echo() int {
+	return 1
+}
+
+type Bar struct{}
+
+func (b *Bar) say() {}
+
+func main() {
+	var f *foo
+	*f = &Bar{}
+	println(f.echo())
+}
+
+// Error:
+// main/files/type39b.gno:7: invalid receiver type *main.foo (interface type)

From 25f204c0193470d7860905b4a89a9fe849154e31 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ltzMaxwell <ltz.maxwell@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2024 19:15:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 12/13] clean

---
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
index a365c5fbd11..0af42e22646 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
@@ -2973,7 +2973,6 @@ func predefineNow2(store Store, last BlockNode, d Decl, m map[Name]struct{}) (De
 					panic("should not happen")
 				}
 			} else if ddt, ok := rt.(*DeclaredType); ok {
-				debug.Println("---rt is declared type")
 				assertValidReceiverType(baseOf(ddt))
 				dt = ddt
 			} else {

From a2521a5276813f1d8a2c938126f278c66bc1f64a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ltzMaxwell <ltz.maxwell@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2024 19:51:10 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 13/13] proper err msg

---
 gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go |  4 ++--
 gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno    |  2 +-
 gnovm/tests/files/type37b.gno   |  2 +-
 gnovm/tests/files/type37d.gno   |  2 +-
 gnovm/tests/files/type37e.gno   |  2 +-
 gnovm/tests/files/type37f.gno   | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 gnovm/tests/files/type39.gno    |  2 +-
 gnovm/tests/files/type39a.gno   |  2 +-
 gnovm/tests/files/type39b.gno   |  2 +-
 9 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 gnovm/tests/files/type37f.gno

diff --git a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
index 0af42e22646..d393dcb1b1d 100644
--- a/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
+++ b/gnovm/pkg/gnolang/preprocess.go
@@ -2957,10 +2957,10 @@ func predefineNow2(store Store, last BlockNode, d Decl, m map[Name]struct{}) (De
 			// check base type of receiver type, should not be pointer type or interface type
 			assertValidReceiverType := func(t Type) {
 				if _, ok := t.(*PointerType); ok {
-					panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid receiver type %v (pointer type)\n", rt))
+					panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid receiver type %v (base type is pointer type)\n", rt))
 				}
 				if _, ok := t.(*InterfaceType); ok {
-					panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid receiver type %v (interface type)\n", rt))
+					panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid receiver type %v (base type is interface type)\n", rt))
 				}
 			}
 
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno
index 40f11588944..1bc157b44ff 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type37.gno
@@ -17,4 +17,4 @@ func main() {
 }
 
 // Error:
-// main/files/type37.gno:8: invalid receiver type main.Arr (pointer type)
+// main/files/type37.gno:8: invalid receiver type main.Arr (base type is pointer type)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type37b.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type37b.gno
index 2056b4050b7..aea1b445ca1 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type37b.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type37b.gno
@@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ func main() {
 }
 
 // Error:
-// main/files/type37b.gno:7: invalid receiver type **main.Integer (pointer type)
+// main/files/type37b.gno:7: invalid receiver type **main.Integer (base type is pointer type)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type37d.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type37d.gno
index debdb613f5d..ada9541e64e 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type37d.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type37d.gno
@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ func main() {
 }
 
 // Error:
-// main/files/type37d.gno:7: invalid receiver type main.IntPtr (pointer type)
+// main/files/type37d.gno:7: invalid receiver type main.IntPtr (base type is pointer type)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type37e.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type37e.gno
index 7bae49feda7..a2537c9cb8d 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type37e.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type37e.gno
@@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ func main() {
 }
 
 // Error:
-// main/files/type37e.gno:8: invalid receiver type main.Int2 (pointer type)
+// main/files/type37e.gno:8: invalid receiver type main.Int2 (base type is pointer type)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type37f.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type37f.gno
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7bffa748314
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type37f.gno
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package main
+
+type IntPtr *int
+
+var ip IntPtr = new(int)
+
+func (p *IntPtr) Int() int {
+	return **p
+}
+
+func main() {
+	println((&ip).Int())
+}
+
+// Error:
+// main/files/type37f.gno:7: invalid receiver type *main.IntPtr (base type is pointer type)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type39.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type39.gno
index b4eeaa4b41f..aebcc226385 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type39.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type39.gno
@@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ func main() {
 }
 
 // Error:
-// main/files/type39.gno:7: invalid receiver type main.foo (interface type)
+// main/files/type39.gno:7: invalid receiver type main.foo (base type is interface type)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type39a.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type39a.gno
index 5d861cb62cf..06f41897f93 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type39a.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type39a.gno
@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ func main() {
 }
 
 // Error:
-// main/files/type39a.gno:9: invalid receiver type main.FF (interface type)
+// main/files/type39a.gno:9: invalid receiver type main.FF (base type is interface type)
diff --git a/gnovm/tests/files/type39b.gno b/gnovm/tests/files/type39b.gno
index f0f80a7e15a..dbf5312a825 100644
--- a/gnovm/tests/files/type39b.gno
+++ b/gnovm/tests/files/type39b.gno
@@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ func main() {
 }
 
 // Error:
-// main/files/type39b.gno:7: invalid receiver type *main.foo (interface type)
+// main/files/type39b.gno:7: invalid receiver type *main.foo (base type is interface type)