diff --git a/psutil/_psutil_windows.c b/psutil/_psutil_windows.c
index 7ad8c9589..066a919af 100644
--- a/psutil/_psutil_windows.c
+++ b/psutil/_psutil_windows.c
@@ -573,13 +573,7 @@ psutil_proc_exe(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
     }
     if (GetProcessImageFileNameW(hProcess, &exe, MAX_PATH) == 0) {
         CloseHandle(hProcess);
-        if (GetLastError() == ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER) {
-            // see https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/414
-            AccessDenied();
-        }
-        else {
-            PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr(0);
-        }
+        PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr(0);
         return NULL;
     }
     CloseHandle(hProcess);
diff --git a/psutil/_pswindows.py b/psutil/_pswindows.py
index 1a786f103..223943511 100644
--- a/psutil/_pswindows.py
+++ b/psutil/_pswindows.py
@@ -245,6 +245,13 @@ def exe(self):
         # Note: os.path.exists(path) may return False even if the file
         # is there, see:
         # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3112546/os-path-exists-lies
+
+        # see https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/414
+        # see https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/528
+        if self.pid == 0:
+            raise AccessDenied(self.pid, self._name)
+        elif self.pid == 4:
+            raise AccessDenied(self.pid, self._name)
         return _convert_raw_path(cext.proc_exe(self.pid))
 
     @wrap_exceptions