Most common are:
- Singleton - creation of one and only instance alone.
- Factory - delegation of the creation of objects to its subclasses instead of directly implementing in the compositing class.
- Abstract Factory - and how it differs with Factory.
- Builder - separates or parses the construction of a complex object from its representation so that it can create different representation
- Prototype - makes an object a prototypical instance to create new objects. essential in Javascript
Sources: