forked from ncsu-geoforall-lab/tangible-landscape-talk
-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
Harvard-HSPH.html
1899 lines (1533 loc) · 84.9 KB
/
Harvard-HSPH.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Harvard University Center for Geographic Analysis</title>
<meta name="description" content="G.C. Millar Harvard University Center for Geographic Analysis Presentation">
<meta name="author" content="NCSU GeoForAll Lab members">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent" />
<!-- <a href="http://hakim.se" data-preview-link>Hakim El Hattab</a> -->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/reveal.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/theme/payam_grey.css" id="theme">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./css/style.css">
<!-- For syntax highlighting -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/css/zenburn.css">
<!-- For chalkboard plugin -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.5.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
</style><style type="text/css">.MJXp-script {font-size: .8em}
.MJXp-right {-webkit-transform-origin: right; -moz-transform-origin: right; -ms-transform-origin: right; -o-transform-origin: right; transform-origin: right}
.MJXp-bold {font-weight: bold}
.MJXp-italic {font-style: italic}
.MJXp-scr {font-family: MathJax_Script,'Times New Roman',Times,STIXGeneral,serif}
.MJXp-frak {font-family: MathJax_Fraktur,'Times New Roman',Times,STIXGeneral,serif}
.MJXp-sf {font-family: MathJax_SansSerif,'Times New Roman',Times,STIXGeneral,serif}
.MJXp-cal {font-family: MathJax_Caligraphic,'Times New Roman',Times,STIXGeneral,serif}
.MJXp-mono {font-family: MathJax_Typewriter,'Times New Roman',Times,STIXGeneral,serif}
.MJXp-largeop {font-size: 150%}
.MJXp-largeop.MJXp-int {vertical-align: -.2em}
.MJXp-math {display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: 0; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,STIXGeneral,serif; white-space: nowrap; border-collapse: collapse}
.MJXp-display {display: block; text-align: center; margin: 1em 0}
.MJXp-math span {display: inline-block}
.MJXp-box {display: block!important; text-align: center}
.MJXp-box:after {content: " "}
.MJXp-rule {display: block!important; margin-top: .1em}
.MJXp-char {display: block!important}
.MJXp-mo {margin: 0 .15em}
.MJXp-mfrac {margin: 0 .125em; vertical-align: .25em}
.MJXp-denom {display: inline-table!important; width: 100%}
.MJXp-denom > * {display: table-row!important}
.MJXp-surd {vertical-align: top}
.MJXp-surd > * {display: block!important}
.MJXp-script-box > * {display: table!important; height: 50%}
.MJXp-script-box > * > * {display: table-cell!important; vertical-align: top}
.MJXp-script-box > *:last-child > * {vertical-align: bottom}
.MJXp-script-box > * > * > * {display: block!important}
.MJXp-mphantom {visibility: hidden}
.MJXp-munderover {display: inline-table!important}
.MJXp-over {display: inline-block!important; text-align: center}
.MJXp-over > * {display: block!important}
.MJXp-munderover > * {display: table-row!important}
.MJXp-mtable {vertical-align: .25em; margin: 0 .125em}
.MJXp-mtable > * {display: inline-table!important; vertical-align: middle}
.MJXp-mtr {display: table-row!important}
.MJXp-mtd {display: table-cell!important; text-align: center; padding: .5em 0 0 .5em}
.MJXp-mtr > .MJXp-mtd:first-child {padding-left: 0}
.MJXp-mtr:first-child > .MJXp-mtd {padding-top: 0}
.MJXp-mlabeledtr {display: table-row!important}
.MJXp-mlabeledtr > .MJXp-mtd:first-child {padding-left: 0}
.MJXp-mlabeledtr:first-child > .MJXp-mtd {padding-top: 0}
.MJXp-merror {background-color: #FFFF88; color: #CC0000; border: 1px solid #CC0000; padding: 1px 3px; font-style: normal; font-size: 90%}
.MJXp-scale0 {-webkit-transform: scaleX(.0); -moz-transform: scaleX(.0); -ms-transform: scaleX(.0); -o-transform: scaleX(.0); transform: scaleX(.0)}
.MJXp-scale1 {-webkit-transform: scaleX(.1); -moz-transform: scaleX(.1); -ms-transform: scaleX(.1); -o-transform: scaleX(.1); transform: scaleX(.1)}
.MJXp-scale2 {-webkit-transform: scaleX(.2); -moz-transform: scaleX(.2); -ms-transform: scaleX(.2); -o-transform: scaleX(.2); transform: scaleX(.2)}
.MJXp-scale3 {-webkit-transform: scaleX(.3); -moz-transform: scaleX(.3); -ms-transform: scaleX(.3); -o-transform: scaleX(.3); transform: scaleX(.3)}
.MJXp-scale4 {-webkit-transform: scaleX(.4); -moz-transform: scaleX(.4); -ms-transform: scaleX(.4); -o-transform: scaleX(.4); transform: scaleX(.4)}
.MJXp-scale5 {-webkit-transform: scaleX(.5); -moz-transform: scaleX(.5); -ms-transform: scaleX(.5); -o-transform: scaleX(.5); transform: scaleX(.5)}
.MJXp-scale6 {-webkit-transform: scaleX(.6); -moz-transform: scaleX(.6); -ms-transform: scaleX(.6); -o-transform: scaleX(.6); transform: scaleX(.6)}
.MJXp-scale7 {-webkit-transform: scaleX(.7); -moz-transform: scaleX(.7); -ms-transform: scaleX(.7); -o-transform: scaleX(.7); transform: scaleX(.7)}
.MJXp-scale8 {-webkit-transform: scaleX(.8); -moz-transform: scaleX(.8); -ms-transform: scaleX(.8); -o-transform: scaleX(.8); transform: scaleX(.8)}
.MJXp-scale9 {-webkit-transform: scaleX(.9); -moz-transform: scaleX(.9); -ms-transform: scaleX(.9); -o-transform: scaleX(.9); transform: scaleX(.9)}
.MathJax_PHTML .noError {vertical-align: ; font-size: 90%; text-align: left; color: black; padding: 1px 3px; border: 1px solid}
</style><style type="text/css">.MathJax_Display {text-align: center; margin: 1em 0em; position: relative; display: block!important; text-indent: 0; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0; min-height: 0; width: 100%}
.MathJax .merror {background-color: #FFFF88; color: #CC0000; border: 1px solid #CC0000; padding: 1px 3px; font-style: normal; font-size: 90%}
.MathJax .MJX-monospace {font-family: monospace}
.MathJax .MJX-sans-serif {font-family: sans-serif}
#MathJax_Tooltip {background-color: InfoBackground; color: InfoText; border: 1px solid black; box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px #AAAAAA; -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px #AAAAAA; -moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px #AAAAAA; -khtml-box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px #AAAAAA; filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.dropshadow(OffX=2, OffY=2, Color='gray', Positive='true'); padding: 3px 4px; z-index: 401; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; width: auto; height: auto; display: none}
.MathJax {display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 100%; font-size-adjust: none; text-indent: 0; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0; min-height: 0; border: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0}
.MathJax:focus, body :focus .MathJax {display: inline-table}
.MathJax.MathJax_FullWidth {text-align: center; display: table-cell!important; width: 10000em!important}
.MathJax img, .MathJax nobr, .MathJax a {border: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0; min-height: 0; vertical-align: 0; line-height: normal; text-decoration: none}
img.MathJax_strut {border: 0!important; padding: 0!important; margin: 0!important; vertical-align: 0!important}
.MathJax span {display: inline; position: static; border: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0; vertical-align: 0; line-height: normal; text-decoration: none}
.MathJax nobr {white-space: nowrap!important}
.MathJax img {display: inline!important; float: none!important}
.MathJax * {transition: none; -webkit-transition: none; -moz-transition: none; -ms-transition: none; -o-transition: none}
.MathJax_Processing {visibility: hidden; position: fixed; width: 0; height: 0; overflow: hidden}
.MathJax_Processed {display: none!important}
.MathJax_ExBox {display: block!important; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; height: 60ex; min-height: 0; max-height: none}
.MathJax .MathJax_EmBox {display: block!important; overflow: hidden; width: 1px; height: 60em; min-height: 0; max-height: none}
.MathJax_LineBox {display: table!important}
.MathJax_LineBox span {display: table-cell!important; width: 10000em!important; min-width: 0; max-width: none; padding: 0; border: 0; margin: 0}
.MathJax .MathJax_HitBox {cursor: text; background: white; opacity: 0; filter: alpha(opacity=0)}
.MathJax .MathJax_HitBox * {filter: none; opacity: 1; background: transparent}
#MathJax_Tooltip * {filter: none; opacity: 1; background: transparent}
@font-face {font-family: MathJax_Main; src: url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/MathJax_Main-Regular.woff?V=2.7.0') format('woff'), url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/otf/MathJax_Main-Regular.otf?V=2.7.0') format('opentype')}
@font-face {font-family: MathJax_Main-bold; src: url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/MathJax_Main-Bold.woff?V=2.7.0') format('woff'), url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/otf/MathJax_Main-Bold.otf?V=2.7.0') format('opentype')}
@font-face {font-family: MathJax_Main-italic; src: url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/MathJax_Main-Italic.woff?V=2.7.0') format('woff'), url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/otf/MathJax_Main-Italic.otf?V=2.7.0') format('opentype')}
@font-face {font-family: MathJax_Math-italic; src: url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/MathJax_Math-Italic.woff?V=2.7.0') format('woff'), url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/otf/MathJax_Math-Italic.otf?V=2.7.0') format('opentype')}
@font-face {font-family: MathJax_Caligraphic; src: url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/MathJax_Caligraphic-Regular.woff?V=2.7.0') format('woff'), url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/otf/MathJax_Caligraphic-Regular.otf?V=2.7.0') format('opentype')}
@font-face {font-family: MathJax_Size1; src: url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/MathJax_Size1-Regular.woff?V=2.7.0') format('woff'), url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/otf/MathJax_Size1-Regular.otf?V=2.7.0') format('opentype')}
@font-face {font-family: MathJax_Size2; src: url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/MathJax_Size2-Regular.woff?V=2.7.0') format('woff'), url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/otf/MathJax_Size2-Regular.otf?V=2.7.0') format('opentype')}
@font-face {font-family: MathJax_Size3; src: url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/MathJax_Size3-Regular.woff?V=2.7.0') format('woff'), url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/otf/MathJax_Size3-Regular.otf?V=2.7.0') format('opentype')}
@font-face {font-family: MathJax_Size4; src: url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/MathJax_Size4-Regular.woff?V=2.7.0') format('woff'), url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/otf/MathJax_Size4-Regular.otf?V=2.7.0') format('opentype')}
.MathJax .noError {vertical-align: ; font-size: 90%; text-align: left; color: black; padding: 1px 3px; border: 1px solid}
</style><style type="text/css">@font-face {font-family: MathJax_AMS; src: url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/MathJax_AMS-Regular.woff?V=2.7.0') format('woff'), url('https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.0/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/otf/MathJax_AMS-Regular.otf?V=2.7.0') format('opentype')}
</style></head><body><div style="visibility: hidden; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 0px; height: 1px; width: auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; line-height: normal; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal;">
<div id="MathJax_Hidden"><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br></div></div><div id="MathJax_Message" style="display: none;"></div>
<header style="position: absolute;top: 50px; z-index:500; font-size:100px;background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5)"></header>
<style type="text/css">
html.dimbg_095 .slide-background.present {
opacity: 0.95 !important;
}
html.dimbg_08 .slide-background.present {
opacity: 0.8 !important;
}
html.dimbg_06 .slide-background.present {
opacity: 0.6 !important;
}
html.dimbg_05 .slide-background.present {
opacity: 0.5 !important;
}
html.dimbg_04 .slide-background.present {
opacity: 0.4 !important;
}
html.dimbg_03 .slide-background.present {
opacity: 0.2 !important;
}
html.dimbg_02 .slide-background.present {
opacity: 0.2 !important;
}
html.dimbg_01 .slide-background.present{
opacity: 0.1 !important;
}
.overl {
background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.9);
}
.overlaybottom{
background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.9);
margin-bottom: 20% !important;
}
.overlaytop{
background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.9);
margin-top: 20% !important;
}
.overlayleft{
background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.9);
margin-right: 50% !important;
}
.overlayright{
background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.9);
margin-left: 50% !important;
}
.transp_bottom {
position:absolute;
left:0;
top: 350px;
background: rgba(0,0,0,.8);
height:1000px;
width: 100%;
}
.transp_top {
position:absolute;
left:0;
top: -600px;
background: rgba(0,0,0,.8);
height:600px;
width: 100%;
}
</style>
<!-- Printing and PDF exports -->
<script>
var link = document.createElement( 'link' );
link.rel = 'stylesheet';
link.type = 'text/css';
link.href = window.location.search.match( /print-pdf/gi ) ? 'css/print/pdf.css' : 'css/print/paper.css';
document.getElementsByTagName( 'head' )[0].appendChild( link );
</script>
<!-- If the query includes 'print-pdf', include the PDF print sheet -->
<script>
if( window.location.search.match( /print-pdf/gi ) ) {
var link = document.createElement( 'link' );
link.rel = 'stylesheet';
link.type = 'text/css';
link.href = 'css/print/pdf.css';
document.getElementsByTagName( 'head' )[0].appendChild( link );
}
</script>
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="lib/js/html5shiv.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<style>
body {
background-color: #FFF !important;*/
/*
background-image: url("pictures/elevation-nagshead.gif");
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: left bottom;
}
.reveal section img {
background: transparent;
border: 0;
box-shadow: 0 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}
/* for standalone frame */
/*
iframe {
display: block;
margin-left: auto;
margin-right: auto;
}
*/
/* display: inline; background-color: #002B36; padding: 0px; margin: 0px */
.rounded-corners {
border: 0px solid black;
border-radius: 5px;
-moz-border-radius: 5px;
-khtml-border-radius: 5px;
-webkit-border-radius: 5px;
}
a:hover {
color: #444 !important;
text-decoration: underline !important;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 {
text-transform: none !important;
/* word-break: keep-all; text-transform: none; font-size: 200%; line-height: 110%; */
/* color: #060 !important; */
/* color: #444 !important; */ /* grey from the wab page */
font-weight: bold !important;
-webkit-hyphens: none !important;
-moz-hyphens: none !important;
-ms-hyphens: none !important;
hyphens: none !important;
line-height: 110% !important;
}
.reveal .progress span {
background-color: #444 !important;
}
/* predefined element positioning */
.top {
/*position: relative;*/
top: 5%;
height: 45%; /* is the height even needed? */
}
.bottom {
height: 45%;
}
.ne {
position: absolute;
top: 5%;
right: 5%;
height: 45%;
width: 45%;
}
.nw {
position: absolute;
top: 5%;
left: 5%;
height: 45%;
width: 45%;
}
.se {
position: absolute;
bottom: 5%;
right: 5%;
height: 45%;
width: 45%;
}
.sw {
position: absolute;
bottom: 5%;
left: 5%;
height: 45%;
width: 45%;
}
/* classes for sections with predefined elements */
/* using !important because, reveal styles are applied afterwards */
.right, .textimg > img, .textimg > video, .textimg > iframe, .imgtext > p, .imgtext > ul, .imgtext > ol, .imgtext > div {
float: right;
text-align: left;
max-width: 47% !important;
}
.left, .imgtext > img, .imgtext > video, imgtext > iframe, .textimg > p, .textimg > ul, .textimg > ol, .textimg > div {
float: left;
text-align: left;
max-width: 47% !important;
}
li > ul, li > ol {
font-size: 85% !important;
line-height: 110% !important;
}
.small {
font-size: smaller !important;
color: gray;
margin: 0.1em !important;
}
.credit {
font-size: small !important;
color: gray;
margin: 0.1em !important;
}
.text-bottom {
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
<div class="slides">
<!-- Title slide -->
<section data-background="white">
<br><h3 style="font-size:32px">People & the Environment: Geo-analytical Guidelines and Software Tools for Measuring Interaction and Experience with the Built Environment</h3>
<h6 style="color:grey;font-size:28px">Garrett C. Millar</h6>
<img style="position: relative;vertical-align:middle" width="32%" src="img/space_time_cube.gif">
<h3 style = "font-size: 24px">Harvard School of Public Health</h3>
<h6 style = "color : grey;font-size: 22px">September 2019 </h6>
<br>
<img height="30px" style="margin-top: 0.2em" src="img/logos/cga_ncstate_hms.png">
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li> Hi everyone, and thank you for coming today. A special thank you to Dr. Peter James for inviting and organizing this talk.
<li> My name is Garrett Millar, I'm a PhD student in Geospatial Analytics at North Carolina State University. Geospatial Analytics--the science of WHERE things HAPPEN.
<li> I'm here today to talk with you all about People & the Environment. Well, that could mean just about anything right? So more specifically, we'll be looking at ways to measure and also map how people interact with the environment.
<li> To do so, we'll go over different geo-analytical guidelines, techniques, and software tools, for empirically measuring people's environmental interaction and experience.
<li> LETS GET STARTED!!
<!-- Garrett Millar is a User Experience Researcher and Geospatial Scientist. In 2016, he earned his Bachelor's Degree in Psychology at North Carolina State University. Carrying extensive domain knowledge in the Cognitive Sciences, particularly the experience and knowhow for collecting biometric data, Garrett transitioned to the field of Geospatial Science in 2017. Where now, as a third year PhD student at North Carolina State's Center for Geospatial Analytics, he develops and evaluates geospatial applications and visualizations. A particular focus of his research is placed on using mobile sensing technologies like smart watches to improve our understanding of how people experience their environment. Lastly, he and his 6-month old German Shepherd puppy, Cassius, really enjoy the outdoors -->
<!-- Mobile sensing technologies like smart watches are going mainstream. With improvements in quality, affordability, and ability, they provide a unique opportunity for spatial sciences. They particularly provide the opportunity to understand not only how people behave, but more importantly, how they experience their environment. By providing a human-centered approach for extracting contextual physiological information from mobile sensor data, geospatial analytics provides the capability to derive where, when, and in particular, how people’s behavior, experience, and health relate to their surrounding environment. Results are directly applicable in domains such as urban planning, environmental health, and epidemiology, wherein researchers can efficiently explore how human behavior varies as a function of location, space, and time. This talk will be delivered with an overall focus on People & the Environment. During which, various geo-analytical guidelines, techniques, and software tools, will be presented for empirically measuring people's environmental interaction and experience. -->
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background="img/getting-around-loop-1MB.gif" data-background-size="100%" >
<!-- <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br> -->
<!-- <p class="credit text-bottom" style="font-size: 8px">Credit: https://www.bu.edu/articles/2018/i-get-around</p> -->
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li> In our daily comings and goings between home, work and school, the streets and bike paths we choose to navigate are also an emotional map of our commute.
<li> Where do we consistently experience frustration with traffic?
<li> Or anxiety from a tricky intersection?
<li> I believe questions such as these are becoming more and more important to ask
<li> Mainly because the ways we now get around town, or go to and from work and school, continue to become more diverse, and more popular:
<ul>
<li> skateboarding
<li> mopeds
<li> biking
<li> walking
<li> electric scooters
</ul>
<li> Questions such as places where we find ourselves consistently getting stressed, or always feel more at ease are the ones we'll be asking, exploring, and hopefully answering together today.
<li> And if some of you are able to walk away with some answers to these questions, then I'll consider today's presentation a success :D
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background="img/emotion.jpg" data-background-size="100%" >
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li> So what I'll particularly be talking about today is how mapping the locations of strong emotions can help improve the human experience
<li> Specifically because it can help decision-makers (urban / city planners) identify where environments inspire either calm or stress.
<li> But before we get into that, let's start from the very, very top, by asking some overarching questions:
<ul>
<li> <b> why emotions? </b>
<li> <b> and why would we want to try and map them? </b>
</ul>
<li> Well, emotions play a major role in our day-to-day lives, as they play a large part in how we perceive and experience the world.
<li> People can experience a wide range of different emotions, but usually depend on the context, or the place, in which they are experienced.
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<!-- Intro -->
<section data-background="img/emotions_stimuli.png" data-background-size="100%" >
<!-- <h3>Emotions</h3> -->
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<!-- <li class="fragment fade-in">Why do emotions matter?</li>
<li class="fragment fade-in">Measuring emotion (skin conductance)</li>
<li class="fragment fade-in">Mapping emotional experiences</li> -->
<li> In fact, emotions are nothing more than a physiological response to some sort of stimuli, which tend to arise from our environment.
<li> Take for example whats being shown to you now. That is, a dog just trying to be friendly and say hello, but accidentally scares an unsuspecting cyclist passing by the dog's yard. I can promise the dog didn't mean to scare him, he's a good boy.
<li> The good boy, an external stimulus in the environment, barks, scares the cyclist (an initial physiological response), who is then stressed (emotion) following the encounter.
<!-- <li> But, the cyclist still became scared, and continues to feel uneasy afterward. Not only that, but research shows that if the cyclist takes that route in the future, and remembers the dog, he will even become stressed before even passing by the yard. Just knowing a stressful event is going to occur will affect someone's stress levels. This is where the context of where people experience emotion gets foggy. If someone can be stressed before, during, AND after experienceing a stressor in the environment, how in the world can we identify the stress's true cause? -->
<li> So, we need to not only have a way to look at what people are feeling not just in general, but EXACTLY where they are feeling it, so we can not only understand how we interact with our environment, but also understand and optimize our emotional and physical well-being.
<!-- <li> Traditional data, analytics, and visualizations fall short here. -->
<li> But, this apparent physiological response to a stimulus, would need to be measured in order to do so. So how would we go about that?
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background="white">
<h3>What is skin conductance?</h3>
<table class= "condensed no_border" width="100%">
<col width="40%">
<col width="10%">
<col width="50%">
<tr class = "border_top no_space">
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
</td>
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
</td>
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
<img width="100%" src="img/gsr_diagram/1-start.png">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li> Well, human emotion is a very complex phenomenon, and is extremely hard to pin down.
<li> Fortunately, there are physiological indicators that our bodies exhibit which can be used to infer whether or not someone is feeling an emotion in the first place.
<li> To break it down step by step:
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background="white">
<h3>What is skin conductance?</h3>
<table class= "condensed no_border" width="100%">
<col width="40%">
<col width="10%">
<col width="50%">
<tr class = "border_top no_space">
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
<ol >
<li>Brain senses emotion</li>
</ol>
</td>
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
</td>
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
<img width="100%" src="img/gsr_diagram/2-brain.png">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li> Well, human emotion is a very complex phenomenon, and is extremely hard to pin down.
<li> Fortunately, there are physiological indicators that our bodies exhibit which can be used to infer whether or not someone is feeling an emotion in the first place.
<li> To break it down step by step:
<ul>
<li>Brain senses emotion</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background="white">
<h3>What is skin conductance?</h3>
<table class= "condensed no_border" width="100%">
<col width="40%">
<col width="10%">
<col width="50%">
<tr class = "border_top no_space">
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
<ol >
<li>Brain senses emotion</li>
<li>Nervous system triggers sweat glands on hands and feet</li>
</ol>
</td>
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
</td>
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
<img width="100%" src="img/gsr_diagram/3-nervous_system.png">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li> Well, human emotion is a very complex phenomenon, and is extremely hard to pin down.
<li> Fortunately, there are physiological indicators that our bodies exhibit which can be used to infer whether or not someone is feeling an emotion in the first place.
<li> To break it down step by step:
<ul>
<li>Brain senses emotion</li>
<li>Nervous system triggers sweat glands on hands and feet</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background="white">
<h3>What is skin conductance?</h3>
<table class= "condensed no_border" width="100%">
<col width="40%">
<col width="10%">
<col width="50%">
<tr class = "border_top no_space">
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
<ol >
<li>Brain senses emotion</li>
<li>Nervous system triggers sweat glands on hands and feet</li>
<li>Hands and feet become slightly wetter</li>
</ol>
</td>
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
</td>
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
<img width="100%" src="img/gsr_diagram/4-sweat.png">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li> Well, human emotion is a very complex phenomenon, and is extremely hard to pin down.
<li> Fortunately, there are physiological indicators that our bodies exhibit which can be used to infer whether or not someone is feeling an emotion in the first place.
<li> To break it down step by step:
<ul>
<li>Brain senses emotion</li>
<li>Nervous system triggers sweat glands on hands and feet</li>
<li>Hands and feet become slightly wetter</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background="white">
<h3>What is skin conductance?</h3>
<table class= "condensed no_border" width="100%">
<col width="40%">
<col width="10%">
<col width="50%">
<tr class = "border_top no_space">
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
<ol >
<li>Brain senses emotion</li>
<li>Nervous system triggers sweat glands on hands and feet</li>
<li>Hands and feet become slightly wetter</li>
<li>Water conducts electricity</li>
</ol>
</td>
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
</td>
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
<img width="100%" src="img/gsr_diagram/5-electricity.png">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li> Well, human emotion is a very complex phenomenon, and is extremely hard to pin down.
<li> Fortunately, there are physiological indicators that our bodies exhibit which can be used to infer whether or not someone is feeling an emotion in the first place.
<li> To break it down step by step:
<ul>
<li>Brain senses emotion</li>
<li>Nervous system triggers sweat glands on hands and feet</li>
<li>Hands and feet become slightly wetter</li>
<li>Water conducts electricity</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background="white">
<h3>What is skin conductance?</h3>
<table class= "condensed no_border" width="100%">
<col width="40%">
<col width="10%">
<col width="50%">
<tr class = "border_top no_space">
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
<ol >
<li>Brain senses emotion</li>
<li>Nervous system triggers sweat glands on hands and feet</li>
<li>Hands and feet become slightly wetter</li>
<li>Water conducts electricity</li>
<li>Electric current gets passed between two electrodes (conductivity)</li>
</ol>
</td>
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
</td>
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
<img width="100%" src="img/gsr_diagram/6-electrodes.png">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li> Well, human emotion is a very complex phenomenon, and is extremely hard to pin down.
<li> Fortunately, there are physiological indicators that our bodies exhibit which can be used to infer whether or not someone is feeling an emotion in the first place.
<li> To break it down step by step:
<ul>
<li>Brain senses emotion</li>
<li>Nervous system triggers sweat glands on hands and feet</li>
<li>Hands and feet become slightly wetter</li>
<li>Water conducts electricity</li>
<li>Electric current gets passed between two electrodes (conductivity)</li>
</ul>
<li>Then, technology like the Empatica E4, a wrist worn wearable specifically designed to measure skin conductance, uses two active electrodes on the bottom of the wrist to measure changes in people’s skin conductivity (or electric currents).
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<!-- <section data-background="white">
<h3> Space-time Analytics of Human Physiology for Urban Planning </h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment fade-in"><b>Research Objective</b>: Using mobile sensing to improve the understanding of how people experience their environment.
<li class="fragment fade-in">How?
<ul>
<li class="fragment fade-in">Examining spatial variation in people’s physiological responses in relation to the surrounding environment, to provide urban planners objective metrics on how individuals experience urban design elements.
</ul>
<li class="fragment fade-in">CHIPS cycle highway project (with Ondrej Mitas, Joost de Kruijff, Lisette Hoeke, Paul de Coevering)
<li class="fragment fade-in">CELTH Storysperience project (with Ondrej Mitas, Moniek Hover, Marcel Bastiaansen, Wilco Boode)
<br>
</ul>
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li> So to do this, I started levaraging mobile sensing technologies like smart watches to try and improve our understanding of not only how people behave, but more importantly, how they experience their environment.
<li> This is done with additional hopes that understanding how we experience our cities, can naturally give rise to more informed design and development of our cities, thus resulting in the ability to call our cities "Smart"
<li> That is, cities that are able to operate in a sustainable, efficient and intelligent manner, encompass hopes of more efficient and greener living, increasingly oriented toward people's needs and a resulting betterment of their daily lives.
</ul>
<ul>
<li> I was given the opportunity to explore this research with two projects:
<ol>
<li> CHIPS: Cycle Highways Innovation for smarter People Transport and Spatial Planning
<li> CELTH: Centre of experience, leisure, tourism, & hospitality
<li> And while I wont be discussing this 2nd one, CELTH, I wanted to note how many amazing opportunities it provided me:
<ul>
<li> I was introduced to concepts of indoor mapping . . .
</ul>
</ol>
</ul>
</aside>
</section> -->
<!-- Why map emotion? -->
<section data-background="white" >
<h3> Why map emotion? </h3>
<table class= "condensed no_border" width="100%">
<col width="5%">
<col width="95%">
<tr class = "border_top no_space">
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
</td>
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; "><br>
<img class="fragment fade-in" src="img/emotions_stimuli.png">
<br><br>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li> Now that we know how it can be measured, why would we want to try mapping it?</li>
<li> Well, remember, our good boy from earlier. <b>[CLICK]</b>
<li> He accidentally scared the cyclist when passing the yard. The cyclist was of course initially scared, but he also continued to feel uneasy afterward.
<li> Not only can someone continue to be stressed following a stressful event, but research also shows that if the cyclist takes that route in the future, and remembers the dog ahead of time, he will start to become stressed even before passing by the yard.
<li> Just knowing a stressful event is going to occur will affect someone's stress levels before experiencing the event (anticipatory stress).
<li> <b> This is where the context of where people experience emotion starts to get a bit foggy. </b>
<li> If someone can be stressed before, during, <b>AND</b> after experiencing a stressor in the environment, how in the world can we identify and locate the stress's true source?
<li> This is where traditional data, analytics, and visualizations fall short. They just can't match this needed level of spatial specificity and contextual clarity.
<li> <b> To sum this all up, human emotion is a very complex phenomenon and extremely hard to pin down and measure. </b>
<li> <b> Spatial data provide a quantitative way of understanding the deeply important context of emotions, and the environmental stimuli that spark them.</b>
<li> However, these methods and resulting data are of course still far from perfect, so we need to consider and address certain methodological limitations when conducting research such as this.
</aside>
</section>
<!-- <aside class="notes">
<li> Now that we know how it can be measured, why would we want to try mapping it?</li>
<li> Well, remember, our good boy from earlier.
<li> He accidentally scared the cyclist when passing the yard. The cyclist was of course initially scared, but he also continued to feel uneasy afterward.
<li> Not only can someone continue to be stressed following a stressful event, but research also shows that if the cyclist takes that route in the future, and remembers the dog ahead of time, he will start to become stressed even before passing by the yard.
<li> Just knowing a stressful event is going to occur will affect someone's stress levels. This is where the context of where people experience emotion gets foggy.
<li> If someone can be stressed before, during, <b>AND</b> after experiencing a stressor in the environment, how in the world can we identify the stress's true cause?
<li> This is where we see issues with traditional data, analytics, and visualizations. They just can't match this needed level of spatial specificity and contextual clarity.
<li> To sum this all up, human emotion is a very complex phenomenon and extremely hard to pin down and measure. Spatial data provide a quantitative way of understanding the deeply important context of emotions, and the environmental stimuli that spark them. -->
<!-- <li> By developing interactive geovisualizations that pair physiological data with detailed maps, we can start to better understand why people are having particular experiences in specific places. -->
<!-- * ^^ CONSIDER KEEPING ^^ * -->
<!-- <li> So, we need to have a way to look at what people are feeling not just in general, but EXACTLY where they are feeling it, so we can not only understand how we interact with our environment, but also understand and optimize our emotional and physical well-being. -->
<!-- <li> Traditional data, analytics, and visualizations fall short here. -->
<!-- What would even be mapped really?<br><br>
Could behavior even properly be mapped? <br><br>
Well turns out, people's stress can be mapped to measure how people respond to the environment, but properly? well kinda<br><br>
People are complex, and so is their behavior. Meaning we cant just rely on one data source to properly study it.
And its even worse if we used traditional visalization methods.
Here's what I mean. -->
<!-- </aside>
</section> -->
<section data-background="white" >
<h3> <b>Limitations</b> of Wearable Sensors </h3>
<table class= "condensed no_border" width="100%">
<col width="95%">
<col width="5%">
<tr class = "border_top no_space">
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; "><br>
<ul>
<li class="fragment fade-in">Measurement quality and accuracy
<li class="fragment fade-in">Less control over environmental factors
<li class="fragment fade-in">Physiological signals can contain noise and measurement errors
<li class="fragment fade-in"> <b>BUT</b>, all is not lost...
<br><br>
</ul>
</td>
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<aside class="notes">
<ol>
<li> First, measurement quality and accuracy of mobile-sensing devices cannot compete with laboratory instruments
<ul>
<li> This is mainly due to technical constraints of battery life and physical dimensions.
</ul>
<li>Second, using mobile-sensing devices gives us researchers less control over environmental factors and stimuli our subjects are exposed to
<ul>
<li> This of course makes it very difficult isolate how stimuli are impacting participants; and this weakens the internal validity of our results
</ul>
<li> Relatedly, real-world measurements of physiological signals tend to contain noise and measurement errors, making data interpretation even more difficult
</ol>
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background="white" >
<h3> <b>Advantages</b> of Wearable Sensors </h3>
<table class= "condensed no_border" width="100%">
<col width="95%">
<col width="5%">
<tr class = "border_top no_space">
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; "><br>
<ol>
<li class="fragment fade-in">More objective
<li class="fragment fade-in">Continuous measurement at high temporal resolutions
<li class="fragment fade-in">Reduce burden on participants
<li class="fragment fade-in">Provide clearest window into people's daily physiology
<br><br>
</ol>
</td>
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<aside class="notes">
<ol>
<li> Real-time physiological signals recorded by wearable sensors are considered more objective than self-reported assessments, which tend to be biased
<li>Wearables allow for continuous measurement at a high temporal resolution of parts of seconds. This resolution cannot be obtained when relying on one-time measurements or self-report surveys alone.
<li> Wearables significantly reduce the burden on participants, who are not required to repeatedly complete surveys. This makes an extended data collection period—ranging from a few hours to several months—possible.
<li> Finally, ambulatory measurements facilitate the investigation of people’s physiological signals during their daily routines in real-life situations, offering greater ecological validity than lab studies
</ol>
</aside>
</section>
<!-- Timeline -->
<section data-background="img/intro_all_bw.png" data-background-size="100%" >
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li>So, I will be showing you two cases / projects of where I've applied these concepts and methods we've been talking about, as well as what can be learned from applying these methods to each case.
<li>then discuss how this may be applied in the future.
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background= "img/intro_cycling.png" data-background-size="100%">
<aside class="notes">
We first have CHIPS, a project that I've been working on to study and map the stress of cyclists while biking down a cycling highway between two cities in the Netherlands Tilburg & Waalwijk.
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background= "img/intro_nuenen.png" data-background-size="100%">
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li>Then, there is Nuenen, a project measuring the emotional excitement and locations of its visitors, for both indoor, and outdoor exhibits.
<br><br><br>
<li><b> I wanted to add, for both of these projects, I will be discussing the methods applied to them, without really paying much attention to particular statistical results. </b><br><br>
<li>This is mainly for two reasons:
<ol>
<li> They are still currently being worked on.
<li> But also, while our goal is to better understand exact environmental elements that affect human behavior and experience, evaluating them under traditional statistics is tricky. <b>
<ul>
<li>Researchers agree that a more dynamic investigation is required, looking for tools that allow a closer and more objective examination of moment-by-monet environmental interaction and its impact on behavior and health.
<li>These tools are what I develop, specifcially for each of these projects, and is what I'll be showing you all today</b>
</ul>
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background= "img/intro_future.png" data-background-size="100%">
<aside class="notes">
And last hopefully we have some time to talk about what all this work will look like further down the road.
</aside>
</section>
<!-- Relating to Cycling - Mini Experiment -->
<!-- Mini Experiment -->
<section data-background="img/cycling_vid_1.gif" data-background-size="200">
<aside class="notes">
To introduce ourselves to the first project, the cycling work, lets take a look at these videos. How do they make you feel? Look at the differences in the places. How do the differences in the places make you feel? <br><br>
Call on someone, "Imagine yourself in this scenario. What are your initial thoughts and / or feelings?"
</aside>
</section>
<section data-transition="slide" data-background="img/cycling_vid_2.gif" data-background-size="200" >
<aside class="notes">
Look at these videos. How do they make you feel? Look at the differences in the places. How do the differences in the places make you feel? <br><br>
Call on someone, "Imagine yourself in this scenario. What are your initial thoughts and / or feelings?"
</aside>
</section>
<section data-transition="slide" data-background="img/cycling_vid_3.gif" data-background-size="200" >
<aside class="notes">
Look at these videos. How do they make you feel? Look at the differences in the places. How do the differences in the places make you feel? <br><br>
Call on someone, "Imagine yourself in this scenario. What are your initial thoughts and / or feelings?"
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background="white">
<h3> CHIPS: Cycle Highway Project </h3>
<table class= "condensed no_border" width="100%">
<col width="95%">
<col width="5%">
<tr class = "border_top no_space">
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; "><br>
<ul>
<!-- <li class="fragment fade-in">Test new wayfinding concepts (signage) -->
<li class="fragment fade-in"><b>Participants</b>: 12
<li class="fragment fade-in"><b>Cycle track</b>: 18 km cycle highway
<li class="fragment fade-in"><b>Type of bike</b>: e-bike
<!-- <li class="fragment fade-in">Before and after implementing new wayfinding -->
<br><br>
</ul>
</td>
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li> CHIPS: Cycle Highways Innovation for smarter People Transport and Spatial Planning
<li> Now my research on this topic stems from a much larger project, the CHIPS project which spans Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK.
<!-- <li> And it aims to develop and promote cycle highways as an effective and cost efficient low carbon solution for commuting towards and from work (in urban areas specifically). -->
<li> And this project particularly involves infrastructure adaptation to increasing e-bike use.
<li> Basically, existing cycling infrastructure is not up to the standards required by heavy e-bike use.
<li> Just think how much faster an e-cyclist is in comparison to your standard manual bike.
<li> Signs (directions) are too small, cycle paths cant properly account for the presence of both regular and e-bike use (e-bikes passing by fast)
<li> And so to begin exploring how these cycle highways might be adapted to account for increasing e-bike use, researchers at Breda University of Applied Sciences ran a small study to collect some data along a cycling track between Tilburg and Waalwijk ... <b>NEXT SLIDE</b>
<!-- <li> Project partners from Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK are striving to develop solutions that will help regions and mobility stakeholders to:
<ol>
<li> Position cycle highways as a new mobility product
<li> Overcome physical and behavioural barriers that keep commuters from using cycle highways
<li> Maximize synergies between cycle highways and trains, buses and cars
<li> Upgrade cycle highways to key structuring elements in future spatial planning
<li> Monitor performance and assess impact
</ol> -->
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background="white">
<h3> Study Area & Cycle Track </h3>
<table class= "condensed no_border" width="100%">
<col width="35%">
<col width="5%">
<col width="65%">
<tr class = "border_top no_space">
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
<img style = "width:300px" src="img/NL_DEM_marker.png">
</td>
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
</td>
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
<img src="img/cycleway_location_3d_noNL.png">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li> Just to quickly show what sort of cycling highway these participants biked on while their data was collected
<li> Also note that its about a 2 hour long bike ride or so
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background="white">
<h3> Study Area & Cycle Track </h3>
<table class= "condensed no_border" width="100%">
<col width="5%">
<col width="65%">
<tr class = "border_top no_space">
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; ">
</td>
<td style = "vertical-align : middle; "><br>
<img width="100%" src="img/chips_3d_ortho.png">
<br><br>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<aside class="notes">
<ul>
<li> Just to quickly show what sort of cycling highway these participants biked on while their data was collected
<li> Also note that its about a 2 hour long bike ride or so
</ul>
</aside>
</section>
<section data-background="white">
<h3> Data Collection </h3>
<table class= "condensed no_border" width="100%">
<col width="100%">
<tr class = "border_top no_space">