base58.py

'''Base58 encoding

Implementations of Base58 and Base58Check endcodings that are compatible
with the bitcoin network.
'''

# This module is based upon base58 snippets found scattered over many bitcoin
# tools written in python. From what I gather the original source is from a
# forum post by Gavin Andresen, so direct your praise to him.
# This module adds shiny packaging and support for python3.

from hashlib import sha256

__version__ = '0.2.5'

# 58 character alphabet used
alphabet = b'123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz'


if bytes == str:  # python2
    iseq, bseq, buffer = (
        lambda s: map(ord, s),
        lambda s: ''.join(map(chr, s)),
        lambda s: s,
    )
else:  # python3
    iseq, bseq, buffer = (
        lambda s: s,
        bytes,
        lambda s: s.buffer,
    )


def scrub_input(v):
    if isinstance(v, str) and not isinstance(v, bytes):
        v = v.encode('ascii')

    if not isinstance(v, bytes):
        raise TypeError(
            "a bytes-like object is required (also str), not '%s'" %
            type(v).__name__)

    return v


def b58encode_int(i, default_one=True):
    '''Encode an integer using Base58'''
    if not i and default_one:
        return alphabet[0:1]
    string = b""
    while i:
        i, idx = divmod(i, 58)
        string = alphabet[idx:idx+1] + string
    return string


def b58encode(v):
    '''Encode a string using Base58'''

    v = scrub_input(v)

    nPad = len(v)
    v = v.lstrip(b'\0')
    nPad -= len(v)

    p, acc = 1, 0
    for c in iseq(reversed(v)):
        acc += p * c
        p = p << 8

    result = b58encode_int(acc, default_one=False)

    return (alphabet[0:1] * nPad + result)


def b58decode_int(v):
    '''Decode a Base58 encoded string as an integer'''

    v = scrub_input(v)

    decimal = 0
    for char in v:
        decimal = decimal * 58 + alphabet.index(char)
    return decimal


def b58decode(v):
    '''Decode a Base58 encoded string'''

    v = scrub_input(v)

    origlen = len(v)
    v = v.lstrip(alphabet[0:1])
    newlen = len(v)

    acc = b58decode_int(v)

    result = []
    while acc > 0:
        acc, mod = divmod(acc, 256)
        result.append(mod)

    return (b'\0' * (origlen - newlen) + bseq(reversed(result)))


def b58encode_check(v):
    '''Encode a string using Base58 with a 4 character checksum'''

    digest = sha256(sha256(v).digest()).digest()
    return b58encode(v + digest[:4])


def b58decode_check(v):
    '''Decode and verify the checksum of a Base58 encoded string'''

    result = b58decode(v)
    result, check = result[:-4], result[-4:]
    digest = sha256(sha256(result).digest()).digest()

    if check != digest[:4]:
        raise ValueError("Invalid checksum")

    return result


def main():
    '''Base58 encode or decode FILE, or standard input, to standard output.'''

    import sys
    import argparse

    stdout = buffer(sys.stdout)

    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=main.__doc__)
    parser.add_argument(
        'file',
        metavar='FILE',
        nargs='?',
        type=argparse.FileType('r'),
        default='-')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-d', '--decode',
        action='store_true',
        help='decode data')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-c', '--check',
        action='store_true',
        help='append a checksum before encoding')

    args = parser.parse_args()
    fun = {
        (False, False): b58encode,
        (False, True): b58encode_check,
        (True, False): b58decode,
        (True, True): b58decode_check
    }[(args.decode, args.check)]

    data = buffer(args.file).read()

    try:
        result = fun(data)
    except Exception as e:
        sys.exit(e)

    if not isinstance(result, bytes):
        result = result.encode('ascii')

    stdout.write(result)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()