watch的实现原理

[txw2018]

watch

initWatch在initState里面执行了初始化,把vm跟写的watch对象传了进去

export function initState (vm: Component) {
  vm._watchers = []
  const opts = vm.$options
  if (opts.props) initProps(vm, opts.props)
  if (opts.methods) initMethods(vm, opts.methods)
  if (opts.data) {
    initData(vm)
  } else {
    observe(vm._data = {}, true /* asRootData */)
  }
  if (opts.computed) initComputed(vm, opts.computed)
  if (opts.watch && opts.watch !== nativeWatch) {
    initWatch(vm, opts.watch)
  }
}

然后在initWatch里面做了一些写法判断

function initWatch (vm: Component, watch: Object) {
  for (const key in watch) {
    const handler = watch[key]
    if (Array.isArray(handler)) {
      for (let i = 0; i < handler.length; i++) {
        createWatcher(vm, key, handler[i])
      }
    } else {
      createWatcher(vm, key, handler)
    }
  }
}

从这里可以看出我们watch可以写成一个数组格式

watch:{
    name:[
        function (newVal,oldVal){
        
        },
        function (newVal,oldVal){

        }
    ]
}

然后都是调用了createWatcher(vm, key, handler)

function createWatcher (
  vm: Component,
  expOrFn: string | Function,
  handler: any,
  options?: Object
) {
  if (isPlainObject(handler)) {
    options = handler
    handler = handler.handler
  }
  if (typeof handler === 'string') {
    handler = vm[handler]
  }
  return vm.$watch(expOrFn, handler, options)
}

在createWatcher里面做了handler是对象或者字符串处理，最终调用vm.$watch(expOrFn, handler, options)

  Vue.prototype.$watch = function (
    expOrFn: string | Function,
    cb: any,
    options?: Object
  ): Function {
    const vm: Component = this
    if (isPlainObject(cb)) {
      return createWatcher(vm, expOrFn, cb, options)
    }
    options = options || {}
    options.user = true
    const watcher = new Watcher(vm, expOrFn, cb, options)
    if (options.immediate) {
      const info = `callback for immediate watcher "${watcher.expression}"`
      pushTarget()
      invokeWithErrorHandling(cb, vm, [watcher.value], vm, info)
      popTarget()
    }
    return function unwatchFn () {
      watcher.teardown()
    }
  }

然后又对手写的$watch的cb做了参数判断，之后在options添加user标识为用户watcher，最终执行new Watcher()

let uid = 0

/**
 * A watcher parses an expression, collects dependencies,
 * and fires callback when the expression value changes.
 * This is used for both the $watch() api and directives.
 */
export default class Watcher {
  vm: Component;
  expression: string;
  cb: Function;
  id: number;
  deep: boolean;
  user: boolean;
  lazy: boolean;
  sync: boolean;
  dirty: boolean;
  active: boolean;
  deps: Array<Dep>;
  newDeps: Array<Dep>;
  depIds: SimpleSet;
  newDepIds: SimpleSet;
  before: ?Function;
  getter: Function;
  value: any;

  constructor (
    vm: Component,
    expOrFn: string | Function,
    cb: Function,
    options?: ?Object,
    isRenderWatcher?: boolean
  ) {
    this.vm = vm
    if (isRenderWatcher) {
      vm._watcher = this
    }
    vm._watchers.push(this)
    // options
    if (options) {
      this.deep = !!options.deep
      this.user = !!options.user
      this.lazy = !!options.lazy
      this.sync = !!options.sync
      this.before = options.before
    } else {
      this.deep = this.user = this.lazy = this.sync = false
    }
    this.cb = cb
    this.id = ++uid // uid for batching
    this.active = true
    this.dirty = this.lazy // for lazy watchers
    this.deps = []
    this.newDeps = []
    this.depIds = new Set()
    this.newDepIds = new Set()
    this.expression = process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production'
      ? expOrFn.toString()
      : ''
    // parse expression for getter
    if (typeof expOrFn === 'function') {
      this.getter = expOrFn
    } else {
      this.getter = parsePath(expOrFn)
      if (!this.getter) {
        this.getter = noop
        process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && warn(
          `Failed watching path: "${expOrFn}" ` +
          'Watcher only accepts simple dot-delimited paths. ' +
          'For full control, use a function instead.',
          vm
        )
      }
    }
    this.value = this.lazy
      ? undefined
      : this.get()
  }

  /**
   * Evaluate the getter, and re-collect dependencies.
   */
  get () {
    pushTarget(this)
    let value
    const vm = this.vm
    try {
      value = this.getter.call(vm, vm)
    } catch (e) {
      if (this.user) {
        handleError(e, vm, `getter for watcher "${this.expression}"`)
      } else {
        throw e
      }
    } finally {
      // "touch" every property so they are all tracked as
      // dependencies for deep watching
      if (this.deep) {
        traverse(value)
      }
      popTarget()
      this.cleanupDeps()
    }
    return value
  }

  /**
   * Add a dependency to this directive.
   */
  addDep (dep: Dep) {
    const id = dep.id
    if (!this.newDepIds.has(id)) {
      this.newDepIds.add(id)
      this.newDeps.push(dep)
      if (!this.depIds.has(id)) {
        dep.addSub(this)
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Clean up for dependency collection.
   */
  cleanupDeps () {
    let i = this.deps.length
    while (i--) {
      const dep = this.deps[i]
      if (!this.newDepIds.has(dep.id)) {
        dep.removeSub(this)
      }
    }
    let tmp = this.depIds
    this.depIds = this.newDepIds
    this.newDepIds = tmp
    this.newDepIds.clear()
    tmp = this.deps
    this.deps = this.newDeps
    this.newDeps = tmp
    this.newDeps.length = 0
  }

  /**
   * Subscriber interface.
   * Will be called when a dependency changes.
   */
  update () {
    /* istanbul ignore else */
    if (this.lazy) {
      this.dirty = true
    } else if (this.sync) {
      this.run()
    } else {
      queueWatcher(this)
    }
  }

  /**
   * Scheduler job interface.
   * Will be called by the scheduler.
   */
  run () {
    if (this.active) {
      const value = this.get()
      if (
        value !== this.value ||
        // Deep watchers and watchers on Object/Arrays should fire even
        // when the value is the same, because the value may
        // have mutated.
        isObject(value) ||
        this.deep
      ) {
        // set new value
        const oldValue = this.value
        this.value = value
        if (this.user) {
          const info = `callback for watcher "${this.expression}"`
          invokeWithErrorHandling(this.cb, this.vm, [value, oldValue], this.vm, info)
        } else {
          this.cb.call(this.vm, value, oldValue)
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Evaluate the value of the watcher.
   * This only gets called for lazy watchers.
   */
  evaluate () {
    this.value = this.get()
    this.dirty = false
  }

  /**
   * Depend on all deps collected by this watcher.
   */
  depend () {
    let i = this.deps.length
    while (i--) {
      this.deps[i].depend()
    }
  }

  /**
   * Remove self from all dependencies' subscriber list.
   */
  teardown () {
    if (this.active) {
      // remove self from vm's watcher list
      // this is a somewhat expensive operation so we skip it
      // if the vm is being destroyed.
      if (!this.vm._isBeingDestroyed) {
        remove(this.vm._watchers, this)
      }
      let i = this.deps.length
      while (i--) {
        this.deps[i].removeSub(this)
      }
      this.active = false
    }
  }
}

在Watcher类里面，如果是通过$watch执行的new Watcher，标识this.user为true，然后判断expOrFn，这是$watch传过来的key值，如果他不是一个函数就会执行parsePath方法解析路径，最终赋值给this.getter

const bailRE = new RegExp(`[^${unicodeRegExp.source}.$_\\d]`)
export function parsePath (path: string): any {
  if (bailRE.test(path)) {
    return
  }
  const segments = path.split('.')
  return function (obj) {
    for (let i = 0; i < segments.length; i++) {
      if (!obj) return
      obj = obj[segments[i]]
    }
    return obj
  }
}

就是通过split弄出数组然后循环去取值，最后执行this.get赋值给this.value,this.get方法就是执行this.getter方法然后返回结果value，这样this.value就是得到当前watch的值，在执行this.getter方法的时候就会触发值的依赖收集，那么该值就会收集当前的 user Watcher，当该值变化时，就会触发watcher的run方法，
然后执行this.get方法，得到新的value值，最后执行 invokeWithErrorHandling(this.cb, this.vm, [value, oldValue], this.vm, info)

export function invokeWithErrorHandling (
  handler: Function,
  context: any,
  args: null | any[],
  vm: any,
  info: string
) {
  let res
  try {
    res = args ? handler.apply(context, args) : handler.call(context)
    if (res && !res._isVue && isPromise(res) && !res._handled) {
      res.catch(e => handleError(e, vm, info + ` (Promise/async)`))
      // issue #9511
      // avoid catch triggering multiple times when nested calls
      res._handled = true
    }
  } catch (e) {
    handleError(e, vm, info)
  }
  return res
}

这个里面就是执行this.cb方法，然后做一些错误处理，在执行this.cb方法的时候把this.value跟value,传了进去，这样我们在写watch的时候就能拿到新值旧值了，
然后还有watch的选项deep跟immediate，deep就是在执行this.get的时候，如果设置了deep为true，就会执行 traverse(value)去循环访问就会去进行依赖收集，所以对象里面有数据改动就会重新执行，
然后immediate设置为true的时候，在执行$watch的时候就会直接执行invokeWithErrorHandling(cb, vm, [watcher.value], vm, info)