diff --git a/packages/docusaurus-mdx-loader/src/processor.ts b/packages/docusaurus-mdx-loader/src/processor.ts
index 6865f721a999..778bfce1ba47 100644
--- a/packages/docusaurus-mdx-loader/src/processor.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-mdx-loader/src/processor.ts
@@ -47,11 +47,6 @@ type SimpleProcessor = {
   }) => Promise<SimpleProcessorResult>;
 };
 
-async function getDefaultRemarkPlugins(): Promise<MDXPlugin[]> {
-  const {default: emoji} = await import('remark-emoji');
-  return [headings, emoji, toc];
-}
-
 export type MDXPlugin = Pluggable;
 
 export type MDXOptions = {
@@ -86,8 +81,18 @@ async function createProcessorFactory() {
   const {default: comment} = await import('@slorber/remark-comment');
   const {default: directive} = await import('remark-directive');
   const {VFile} = await import('vfile');
+  const {default: emoji} = await import('remark-emoji');
 
-  const defaultRemarkPlugins = await getDefaultRemarkPlugins();
+  function getDefaultRemarkPlugins({options}: {options: Options}): MDXPlugin[] {
+    return [
+      [
+        headings,
+        {anchorsMaintainCase: options.markdownConfig.anchors.maintainCase},
+      ],
+      emoji,
+      toc,
+    ];
+  }
 
   // /!\ this method is synchronous on purpose
   // Using async code here can create cache entry race conditions!
@@ -104,7 +109,7 @@ async function createProcessorFactory() {
       directive,
       [contentTitle, {removeContentTitle: options.removeContentTitle}],
       ...getAdmonitionsPlugins(options.admonitions ?? false),
-      ...defaultRemarkPlugins,
+      ...getDefaultRemarkPlugins({options}),
       details,
       head,
       ...(options.markdownConfig.mermaid ? [mermaid] : []),
diff --git a/packages/docusaurus-mdx-loader/src/remark/headings/__tests__/index.test.ts b/packages/docusaurus-mdx-loader/src/remark/headings/__tests__/index.test.ts
index f9385ca71fba..3e5aa89636b2 100644
--- a/packages/docusaurus-mdx-loader/src/remark/headings/__tests__/index.test.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-mdx-loader/src/remark/headings/__tests__/index.test.ts
@@ -11,13 +11,20 @@ import u from 'unist-builder';
 import {removePosition} from 'unist-util-remove-position';
 import {toString} from 'mdast-util-to-string';
 import {visit} from 'unist-util-visit';
-import slug from '../index';
+import plugin from '../index';
+import type {PluginOptions} from '../index';
 import type {Plugin} from 'unified';
 import type {Parent} from 'unist';
 
-async function process(doc: string, plugins: Plugin[] = []) {
+async function process(
+  doc: string,
+  plugins: Plugin[] = [],
+  options: PluginOptions = {anchorsMaintainCase: false},
+) {
   const {remark} = await import('remark');
-  const processor = await remark().use({plugins: [...plugins, slug]});
+  const processor = await remark().use({
+    plugins: [...plugins, [plugin, options]],
+  });
   const result = await processor.run(processor.parse(doc));
   removePosition(result, {force: true});
   return result;
@@ -312,4 +319,25 @@ describe('headings remark plugin', () => {
       },
     ]);
   });
+
+  it('preserve anchors case then "anchorsMaintainCase" option is set', async () => {
+    const result = await process('# Case Sensitive Heading', [], {
+      anchorsMaintainCase: true,
+    });
+    const expected = u('root', [
+      u(
+        'heading',
+        {
+          depth: 1,
+          data: {
+            hProperties: {id: 'Case-Sensitive-Heading'},
+            id: 'Case-Sensitive-Heading',
+          },
+        },
+        [u('text', 'Case Sensitive Heading')],
+      ),
+    ]);
+
+    expect(result).toEqual(expected);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/docusaurus-mdx-loader/src/remark/headings/index.ts b/packages/docusaurus-mdx-loader/src/remark/headings/index.ts
index 90f90e75a5ad..5f2250a9c17e 100644
--- a/packages/docusaurus-mdx-loader/src/remark/headings/index.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-mdx-loader/src/remark/headings/index.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,13 @@ import {parseMarkdownHeadingId, createSlugger} from '@docusaurus/utils';
 import type {Transformer} from 'unified';
 import type {Heading, Text} from 'mdast';
 
-export default function plugin(): Transformer {
+export interface PluginOptions {
+  anchorsMaintainCase: boolean;
+}
+
+export default function plugin({
+  anchorsMaintainCase,
+}: PluginOptions): Transformer {
   return async (root) => {
     const {toString} = await import('mdast-util-to-string');
     const {visit} = await import('unist-util-visit');
@@ -38,7 +44,9 @@ export default function plugin(): Transformer {
         // Support explicit heading IDs
         const parsedHeading = parseMarkdownHeadingId(heading);
 
-        id = parsedHeading.id ?? slugs.slug(heading);
+        id =
+          parsedHeading.id ??
+          slugs.slug(heading, {maintainCase: anchorsMaintainCase});
 
         if (parsedHeading.id) {
           // When there's an id, it is always in the last child node
diff --git a/packages/docusaurus-mdx-loader/src/remark/toc/__tests__/index.test.ts b/packages/docusaurus-mdx-loader/src/remark/toc/__tests__/index.test.ts
index 87bc5c6793dd..c246a7bcfedd 100644
--- a/packages/docusaurus-mdx-loader/src/remark/toc/__tests__/index.test.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-mdx-loader/src/remark/toc/__tests__/index.test.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ const processFixture = async (name: string) => {
 
   const result = await compile(file, {
     format: 'mdx',
-    remarkPlugins: [headings, gfm, plugin],
+    remarkPlugins: [[headings, {anchorsMaintainCase: false}], gfm, plugin],
     rehypePlugins: [],
   });
 
diff --git a/packages/docusaurus-types/src/config.d.ts b/packages/docusaurus-types/src/config.d.ts
index 47bfde898d44..62627281cc66 100644
--- a/packages/docusaurus-types/src/config.d.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus-types/src/config.d.ts
@@ -45,6 +45,13 @@ export type ParseFrontMatter = (
   },
 ) => Promise<ParseFrontMatterResult>;
 
+export type MarkdownAnchorsConfig = {
+  /**
+   * Preserves the case of the heading text when generating anchor ids.
+   */
+  maintainCase: boolean;
+};
+
 export type MarkdownConfig = {
   /**
    * The Markdown format to use by default.
@@ -101,6 +108,11 @@ export type MarkdownConfig = {
    * See also https://github.com/remarkjs/remark-rehype#options
    */
   remarkRehypeOptions: RemarkRehypeOptions;
+
+  /**
+   * Options to control the behavior of anchors generated from Markdown headings
+   */
+  anchors: MarkdownAnchorsConfig;
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/packages/docusaurus/src/server/__tests__/__snapshots__/config.test.ts.snap b/packages/docusaurus/src/server/__tests__/__snapshots__/config.test.ts.snap
index c10c4833901e..72d6a58aa5a8 100644
--- a/packages/docusaurus/src/server/__tests__/__snapshots__/config.test.ts.snap
+++ b/packages/docusaurus/src/server/__tests__/__snapshots__/config.test.ts.snap
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with .cjs siteConfig 1`] = `
       "path": "i18n",
     },
     "markdown": {
+      "anchors": {
+        "maintainCase": false,
+      },
       "format": "mdx",
       "mdx1Compat": {
         "admonitions": true,
@@ -68,6 +71,9 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with ts + js config 1`] = `
       "path": "i18n",
     },
     "markdown": {
+      "anchors": {
+        "maintainCase": false,
+      },
       "format": "mdx",
       "mdx1Compat": {
         "admonitions": true,
@@ -119,6 +125,9 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid JS CJS config 1`] = `
       "path": "i18n",
     },
     "markdown": {
+      "anchors": {
+        "maintainCase": false,
+      },
       "format": "mdx",
       "mdx1Compat": {
         "admonitions": true,
@@ -170,6 +179,9 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid JS ESM config 1`] = `
       "path": "i18n",
     },
     "markdown": {
+      "anchors": {
+        "maintainCase": false,
+      },
       "format": "mdx",
       "mdx1Compat": {
         "admonitions": true,
@@ -221,6 +233,9 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid TypeScript CJS config 1`] = `
       "path": "i18n",
     },
     "markdown": {
+      "anchors": {
+        "maintainCase": false,
+      },
       "format": "mdx",
       "mdx1Compat": {
         "admonitions": true,
@@ -272,6 +287,9 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid TypeScript ESM config 1`] = `
       "path": "i18n",
     },
     "markdown": {
+      "anchors": {
+        "maintainCase": false,
+      },
       "format": "mdx",
       "mdx1Compat": {
         "admonitions": true,
@@ -323,6 +341,9 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid async config 1`] = `
       "path": "i18n",
     },
     "markdown": {
+      "anchors": {
+        "maintainCase": false,
+      },
       "format": "mdx",
       "mdx1Compat": {
         "admonitions": true,
@@ -376,6 +397,9 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid async config creator function 1`] = `
       "path": "i18n",
     },
     "markdown": {
+      "anchors": {
+        "maintainCase": false,
+      },
       "format": "mdx",
       "mdx1Compat": {
         "admonitions": true,
@@ -429,6 +453,9 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid config creator function 1`] = `
       "path": "i18n",
     },
     "markdown": {
+      "anchors": {
+        "maintainCase": false,
+      },
       "format": "mdx",
       "mdx1Compat": {
         "admonitions": true,
@@ -485,6 +512,9 @@ exports[`loadSiteConfig website with valid siteConfig 1`] = `
       "path": "i18n",
     },
     "markdown": {
+      "anchors": {
+        "maintainCase": false,
+      },
       "format": "mdx",
       "mdx1Compat": {
         "admonitions": true,
diff --git a/packages/docusaurus/src/server/__tests__/__snapshots__/site.test.ts.snap b/packages/docusaurus/src/server/__tests__/__snapshots__/site.test.ts.snap
index 8a48af985e45..c2562812b70f 100644
--- a/packages/docusaurus/src/server/__tests__/__snapshots__/site.test.ts.snap
+++ b/packages/docusaurus/src/server/__tests__/__snapshots__/site.test.ts.snap
@@ -97,6 +97,9 @@ exports[`load loads props for site with custom i18n path 1`] = `
       "path": "i18n",
     },
     "markdown": {
+      "anchors": {
+        "maintainCase": false,
+      },
       "format": "mdx",
       "mdx1Compat": {
         "admonitions": true,
diff --git a/packages/docusaurus/src/server/__tests__/configValidation.test.ts b/packages/docusaurus/src/server/__tests__/configValidation.test.ts
index ea76af81408b..c20ff6431493 100644
--- a/packages/docusaurus/src/server/__tests__/configValidation.test.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus/src/server/__tests__/configValidation.test.ts
@@ -69,6 +69,9 @@ describe('normalizeConfig', () => {
           admonitions: false,
           headingIds: true,
         },
+        anchors: {
+          maintainCase: true,
+        },
         remarkRehypeOptions: {
           footnoteLabel: 'Pied de page',
         },
@@ -517,6 +520,9 @@ describe('markdown', () => {
         admonitions: true,
         headingIds: false,
       },
+      anchors: {
+        maintainCase: true,
+      },
       remarkRehypeOptions: {
         footnoteLabel: 'Notes de bas de page',
         // @ts-expect-error: we don't validate it on purpose
diff --git a/packages/docusaurus/src/server/configValidation.ts b/packages/docusaurus/src/server/configValidation.ts
index cf2d16aa59f5..3f6fac5fb174 100644
--- a/packages/docusaurus/src/server/configValidation.ts
+++ b/packages/docusaurus/src/server/configValidation.ts
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ export const DEFAULT_MARKDOWN_CONFIG: MarkdownConfig = {
     admonitions: true,
     headingIds: true,
   },
+  anchors: {
+    maintainCase: false,
+  },
   remarkRehypeOptions: undefined,
 };
 
@@ -320,6 +323,11 @@ export const ConfigSchema = Joi.object<DocusaurusConfig>({
       // Not sure if it's a good idea, validation is likely to become stale
       // See https://github.com/remarkjs/remark-rehype#options
       Joi.object().unknown(),
+    anchors: Joi.object({
+      maintainCase: Joi.boolean().default(
+        DEFAULT_CONFIG.markdown.anchors.maintainCase,
+      ),
+    }).default(DEFAULT_CONFIG.markdown.anchors),
   }).default(DEFAULT_CONFIG.markdown),
 }).messages({
   'docusaurus.configValidationWarning':
diff --git a/website/docs/api/docusaurus.config.js.mdx b/website/docs/api/docusaurus.config.js.mdx
index 5a187dfcaaff..2a346d2e2eff 100644
--- a/website/docs/api/docusaurus.config.js.mdx
+++ b/website/docs/api/docusaurus.config.js.mdx
@@ -438,6 +438,10 @@ export type ParseFrontMatter = (params: {
   content: string;
 }>;
 
+type MarkdownAnchorsConfig = {
+  maintainCase: boolean;
+};
+
 type MarkdownConfig = {
   format: 'mdx' | 'md' | 'detect';
   mermaid: boolean;
@@ -445,6 +449,7 @@ type MarkdownConfig = {
   parseFrontMatter?: ParseFrontMatter;
   mdx1Compat: MDX1CompatOptions;
   remarkRehypeOptions: object; // see https://github.com/remarkjs/remark-rehype#options
+  anchors: MarkdownAnchorsConfig;
 };
 ```
 
@@ -469,6 +474,9 @@ export default {
       admonitions: true,
       headingIds: true,
     },
+    anchors: {
+      maintainCase: true,
+    },
   },
 };
 ```
@@ -484,6 +492,7 @@ export default {
 | `preprocessor` | `MarkdownPreprocessor` | `undefined` | Gives you the ability to alter the Markdown content string before parsing. Use it as a last-resort escape hatch or workaround: it is almost always better to implement a Remark/Rehype plugin. |
 | `parseFrontMatter` | `ParseFrontMatter` | `undefined` | Gives you the ability to provide your own front matter parser, or to enhance the default parser. Read our [front matter guide](../guides/markdown-features/markdown-features-intro.mdx#front-matter) for details. |
 | `mdx1Compat` | `MDX1CompatOptions` | `{comments: true, admonitions: true, headingIds: true}` | Compatibility options to make it easier to upgrade to Docusaurus v3+. |
+| `anchors` | `MarkdownAnchorsConfig` | `{maintainCase: false}` | Options to control the behavior of anchors generated from Markdown headings |
 | `remarkRehypeOptions` | `object` | `undefined` | Makes it possible to pass custom [`remark-rehype` options](https://github.com/remarkjs/remark-rehype#options). |
 
 ```mdx-code-block