diff --git a/docs/changelog/108522.yaml b/docs/changelog/108522.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5bc064d7995e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/changelog/108522.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+pr: 108522
+summary: Ensure we return non-negative scores when scoring scalar dot-products
+area: Vector Search
+type: bug
+issues: []
diff --git a/libs/vec/src/main21/java/org/elasticsearch/vec/internal/Int7DotProduct.java b/libs/vec/src/main21/java/org/elasticsearch/vec/internal/Int7DotProduct.java
index 9b452219bd635..5231bb8e3c67f 100644
--- a/libs/vec/src/main21/java/org/elasticsearch/vec/internal/Int7DotProduct.java
+++ b/libs/vec/src/main21/java/org/elasticsearch/vec/internal/Int7DotProduct.java
@@ -47,10 +47,11 @@ public float score(int firstOrd, int secondOrd) throws IOException {
 
         if (firstSeg != null && secondSeg != null) {
             int dotProduct = dotProduct7u(firstSeg, secondSeg, length);
+            assert dotProduct >= 0;
             float adjustedDistance = dotProduct * scoreCorrectionConstant + firstOffset + secondOffset;
-            return (1 + adjustedDistance) / 2;
+            return Math.max((1 + adjustedDistance) / 2, 0f);
         } else {
-            return fallbackScore(firstByteOffset, secondByteOffset);
+            return Math.max(fallbackScore(firstByteOffset, secondByteOffset), 0f);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/libs/vec/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/vec/VectorScorerFactoryTests.java b/libs/vec/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/vec/VectorScorerFactoryTests.java
index 246ddaeb2ebcf..07d30a887c683 100644
--- a/libs/vec/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/vec/VectorScorerFactoryTests.java
+++ b/libs/vec/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/vec/VectorScorerFactoryTests.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import static org.elasticsearch.vec.VectorSimilarityType.EUCLIDEAN;
 import static org.elasticsearch.vec.VectorSimilarityType.MAXIMUM_INNER_PRODUCT;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.greaterThanOrEqualTo;
 
 // @com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.annotations.Repeat(iterations = 100)
 public class VectorScorerFactoryTests extends AbstractVectorTestCase {
@@ -96,6 +97,51 @@ void testSimpleImpl(long maxChunkSize) throws IOException {
         }
     }
 
+    public void testNonNegativeDotProduct() throws IOException {
+        assumeTrue(notSupportedMsg(), supported());
+        var factory = AbstractVectorTestCase.factory.get();
+
+        try (Directory dir = new MMapDirectory(createTempDir(getTestName()), MMapDirectory.DEFAULT_MAX_CHUNK_SIZE)) {
+            // keep vecs `0` so dot product is `0`
+            byte[] vec1 = new byte[32];
+            byte[] vec2 = new byte[32];
+            String fileName = getTestName() + "-32";
+            try (IndexOutput out = dir.createOutput(fileName, IOContext.DEFAULT)) {
+                var negativeOffset = floatToByteArray(-5f);
+                byte[] bytes = concat(vec1, negativeOffset, vec2, negativeOffset);
+                out.writeBytes(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+            }
+            try (IndexInput in = dir.openInput(fileName, IOContext.DEFAULT)) {
+                // dot product
+                float expected = 0f; // TODO fix in Lucene: https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/13356 luceneScore(DOT_PRODUCT, vec1, vec2,
+                                     // 1, -5, -5);
+                var scorer = factory.getInt7ScalarQuantizedVectorScorer(32, 2, 1, DOT_PRODUCT, in).get();
+                assertThat(scorer.score(0, 1), equalTo(expected));
+                assertThat(scorer.score(0, 1), greaterThanOrEqualTo(0f));
+                assertThat((new VectorScorerSupplierAdapter(scorer)).scorer(0).score(1), equalTo(expected));
+                // max inner product
+                expected = luceneScore(MAXIMUM_INNER_PRODUCT, vec1, vec2, 1, -5, -5);
+                scorer = factory.getInt7ScalarQuantizedVectorScorer(32, 2, 1, MAXIMUM_INNER_PRODUCT, in).get();
+                assertThat(scorer.score(0, 1), greaterThanOrEqualTo(0f));
+                assertThat(scorer.score(0, 1), equalTo(expected));
+                assertThat((new VectorScorerSupplierAdapter(scorer)).scorer(0).score(1), equalTo(expected));
+                // cosine
+                expected = 0f; // TODO fix in Lucene: https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/13356 luceneScore(COSINE, vec1, vec2, 1, -5,
+                               // -5);
+                scorer = factory.getInt7ScalarQuantizedVectorScorer(32, 2, 1, COSINE, in).get();
+                assertThat(scorer.score(0, 1), equalTo(expected));
+                assertThat(scorer.score(0, 1), greaterThanOrEqualTo(0f));
+                assertThat((new VectorScorerSupplierAdapter(scorer)).scorer(0).score(1), equalTo(expected));
+                // euclidean
+                expected = luceneScore(EUCLIDEAN, vec1, vec2, 1, -5, -5);
+                scorer = factory.getInt7ScalarQuantizedVectorScorer(32, 2, 1, EUCLIDEAN, in).get();
+                assertThat(scorer.score(0, 1), equalTo(expected));
+                assertThat(scorer.score(0, 1), greaterThanOrEqualTo(0f));
+                assertThat((new VectorScorerSupplierAdapter(scorer)).scorer(0).score(1), equalTo(expected));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     public void testRandom() throws IOException {
         assumeTrue(notSupportedMsg(), supported());
         testRandom(MMapDirectory.DEFAULT_MAX_CHUNK_SIZE, BYTE_ARRAY_RANDOM_INT7_FUNC);